Port Health Office Research Articles

Sanitation Control of Ferry Ports in Tanjung Harapan Harbor

Environmental sanitation is an activity to create healthy environmental conditions in the port area. Good sanitation conditions can prevent disease transmission. Sanitary conditions in the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang are not good enough, characterized by rat catching which increases every year, poor drainage conditions, and inadequate sanitation facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management of sanitation at Tanjung Harapan Harbor in Selat Panjang to become input material to make it better in the future. This research uses a qualitative method with a system approach based on input, process and output where the data collected comes from interviews, observation and documentation and is analyzed using triangulation. Sanitary management of the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang is managed by port management and supervised by the Port Health Office. Sanitary management at the Port of Tanjung Harapan Selat Panjang is already running but not optimal, there are still obstacles from the aspects of human resources, large financing and inadequate infrastructure such as the unavailability of TPS and WWTP for waste management. Port sanitation management must be maintained to prevent the development of disease vectors and transmission of various types of diseases. The need for good cooperation between the manager and the Port Health Office to create a healthy port.

Analysis Of Variance in Realization of Spending Budget at Class II Bandung Port Health Office

Analysis Of Variance in Realization of Spending Budget at Class II Bandung Port Health Office

Peramalan Jumlah Permintaan Vaksin Meningitis di KKP Kelas I Surabaya (Menggunakan Metode Single Moving Average)

Meningococcal meningitis is an acute inflammatory infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitides. This disease can cause brain damage with a case fatality of 50% if not treated quickly. One effort to prevent the transmission of meningitis is to administer the meningococcal meningitis vaccine, which is an absolute requirement for all prospective Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. This research was conducted from September to December 2023 using secondary data, namely KKP Class I Surabaya annual report data for 2013-2022. The method used in this research is quantitative forecasting with the forecasting carried out is Simple Moving Average using RStudio software. The forecast results for meningitis vaccination demand for 2023-2026 using the 4-year SMA method are 31,768.50, this value is smaller than the 2013-2019 vaccine demand, the results of this forecast have an MSE value of 36,048,718.225. This result can still be tolerated and is used by the Surabaya Class I Port Health Office (KKP) to reduce the number of vaccines in stock so as not to stock too much meningitis vaccine.

Evaluating entomological measures and cypermethrin use in pest control

Purpose: This study aims to analyze entomological indicators and the susceptibility status of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to cypermethrin in the Tanjung Balai Karimun Port Health Office area. Methods: This type of study is observational, using a cross-sectional design approach. Entomology indicator data collection is carried out routinely every month by observing containers in each building both inside and outside. The vulnerability test uses the WHO susceptibility test method. Results: The results of entomological indicators in the perimeter area showed no density of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. In contrast, the density of larvae in the buffer area was low to moderate. A susceptibility test showed that 0.05% cypermethrin was still susceptible to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Conclusion: These findings underscore the efficacy of the current control measures implemented in the study area and emphasize the critical need for continuous monitoring and surveillance. Maintaining such efforts is paramount for sustaining effective mosquito control initiatives and mitigating the potential risks posed by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, thereby reducing the threat of vector-borne disease.

The Influence Of Leadership Transformation, Work Motivation, And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance Through Work Discipline

The ability of an organization to survive and develop properly is determined by the competence of the human resources owned by the organization through various variables that can influence it, such as transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction, and work discipline. This study used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to respondents, totaling 170 employees at the Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office. Data were analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Model (SEM). Some of the findings in this study are that transformational leadership does not affect work discipline and employee performance, work motivation has a negative effect on work discipline and employee performance, job satisfaction has a positive effect on work discipline and employee performance, and work discipline has a positive effect on employee performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in this study that work discipline can mediate the effects of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance. Keywords: Transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction, work discipline, and employee performance

The Influence of Leadership Transformation, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance Through Work Discipline

The ability of an organization to survive and develop properly is determined by the competence of the human resources owned by the organization through various variables that can influence it, such as transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction, and work discipline. This study used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to respondents, totaling 170 employees at the Tanjung Priok Class I Port Health Office. Data were analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Model (SEM). Some of the findings in this study are that transformational leadership does not affect work discipline and employee performance, work motivation has a negative effect on work discipline and employee performance, job satisfaction has a positive effect on work discipline and employee performance, and work discipline has a positive effect on employee performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in this study that work discipline can mediate the effects of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance.
 Keywords: Transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction, work discipline, and employee performance

Development of Aedes spp Larvae in Media with Various pH and Salinity: Study on Experiment Approach in Laboratory

The development of Aedes spp, a type of mosquito, is closely tied to the water. They can adapt to different aquatic environments regardless of their characteristics. Understanding the traits of Aedes spp and the environmental factors that affect them is crucial for vector control. This study aimed to examine the impact of water acidity and salinity on the development of pre-imago Aedes spp. The observed developments included hatchability of eggs, ability to change from larvae to pupa (ecdysis), transformation from pupa to imago (explosion), and the longevity of the preimago stage. The research followed an experimental approach with a posttest only control group. Mosquito eggs obtained from Semarang Port Health Office Laboratory Semarang were used as research subjects. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The tests for pre-imago development were carried out at different average acidity levels (5.2, 6.6, 7.2, 7.4, 8.5, and 9.3) and average salinity levels (0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰, 10‰), with four replications. The analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the development of preimago Aedes spp under various water acidity conditions (egg hatchability pvalue = 0.736, ecdysis p-value = 0.814, explosion p-value = 0.591, longevity p-value = 0.227). However, the salinity analysis indicated different developments in pre-imago Aedes spp under varying salinity conditions (egg hatchability p-value = 0.006, ecdysis p-value = 0.001, explosion p-value = 0.001, longevity p-value = 0.003).

Analysis of Risk Factors for Hypertension in Ship Crews of Seaports Work Coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area

Objective: Ship crew as seafarers who work or are employed on board the ship by the owner or operator of the ship to carry out their duties following their position will have limitations in accessing health education, facilities, and infrastructure that support them to maintain their health. One of the non-communicable diseases that contributes to cardiovascular diseases is hypertension. This study aims to determine the risk factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in ship crew at Seaport work coverage for Poso Port Health Office, Bungku Working Area. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 385 participant involve in data analysis. Chi-square analysis was employed to assess the relationship between respondent characteristic variables and independent variables concerning the occurrence of hypertension. Multivariate analysis was conducted on variables that showed an association with hypertension to obtain independent risk values using logistic regression analysis. This research used a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in ship crew is 12.73%. Logistic regression results showed that the crew members had an overweight (AOR=15.93, 95%CI: 5.080-49.981, p=0.000) and moderate and heavy smokers among crew members (AOR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.038-6.066), p=0.021) were factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension in ships crew members of hypertension in ships crew members after controlled by aged over 45 years (AOR=22.94; 95% CI: 2.587-203.477, p=0.005) and family history of hypertension (AOR=6.01; 95% CI: 2.741-13.168, p=0.000). Conclusions: Body mass index and smoking behavior among ship crew members are significant risk factors for hypertension in this study, while alcohol consumption and workplace-related environmental stress were not found to be significant risk factors in this research Implication of the research: This research can serve as a reference for determining health programs and more specific priority groups targeted for the prevention and control of hypertension among ship crew members on board. Originality: This study was conducted on ship crew members, legally active seafarers in the operational tasks on ship, whereas most similar research uses the health data of seafarers in healthcare clinics.

Studi Korelasi Tingkat Stres Kerja pada Pegawai di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas 1

Stress is a negative reaction experienced by workers due to excessive work at work. This study aims to determine the correlation of gender, level of education and years of service with the level of work stress on employees at the Makassar Class 1 Port Health office. The population and sample of this study were all employees at the Makassar Class 1 Port Health Office totaling 30 people. The stress measuring tool used is the Stress Diagnosis Survey (SDS) observation sheet. The results showed that there was a correlation between gender (P= 0.00 and R= 0.8) working period (P=0.00, R=0.7) and work stress and there was no correlation between education level (P=0.38 and R= 0.2) and stress. work. Therefore, it is necessary to have regulations related to work rotation or adjustment of workload to the level of ability possessed by employees and to create a conducive work environment

Studi Korelasi Tingkat Stres Kerja pada Pegawai di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas 1 Makassar

Stress is a negative reaction experienced by workers due to excessive work at work. This study aims to determine the correlation of gender, level of education and years of service with the level of work stress on employees at the Makassar Class 1 Port Health office. The population and sample of this study were all employees at the Makassar Class 1 Port Health Office totaling 30 people. The stress measuring tool used is the Stress Diagnosis Survey (SDS) observation sheet. The results showed that there was a correlation between gender (P= 0.00 and R= 0.8) working period (P=0.00, R=0.7) and work stress and there was no correlation between education level (P=0.38 and R= 0.2) and stress. work. Therefore, it is necessary to have regulations related to work rotation or adjustment of workload to the level of ability possessed by employees and to create a conducive work environment

Status Resistensi Nyamuk Aedes Albopictus Terhadap Insektisida Sipermetrin Di Pelabuhan Meral Kabupaten Karimun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2022

<p><em>The use of cypermethrin insecticide is one of the strategies in vector control that has been carried out by the Port Health Office of Karimun Regency. It is necessary to evaluate the use of insecticides because of the threat of resistance in controlling dengue hemorrhagic fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes to cypermethrin insecticides in the Meral Port area at the Port Health Office of Karimun Regency. This type of research was a quasi-experimental with a posttest only control group design. The population of this study was Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in the Meral Port area while the samples taken were 100 Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The results showed that the resistance status of the Aedes albopictus mosquito to cypermethrin in the Meral Harbor area was in the vulnerable category with a mortality percentage of >98%. The Port Health Office of Karimun Regency is expected to be able to evaluate and follow up regularly on vector control activities that have been carried out in the Meral Port area and the need to periodically test mosquito susceptibility to insecticides with different methods. It is necessary to rotate the use of insecticides for mosquito control and re-do mosquito nest eradication (PSN) in the Meral Port area.</em><em></em></p>

The Relationship of Knowledge Level and Attitudes of Prospective Umrah Pilgrims with The Compliance of Meningitis Vaccination

The meningococcus vaccine is a vaccine that must be given to all people traveling to Saudi Arabia. This vaccine was needed in 2006 due to the meningococcus disease outbreak in Saudi Arabia from 1987-2003 and the disease infected pilgrims. Saudi Arabia reported an increase in the incidence of meningitis as many as 225 cases with 56 deaths, and it was reported that the number of Indonesian pilgrims was 14 cases of meningitis, with six died in Saudi Arabia. There are three people suspected of contracting meningitis during the Hajj season 2017 in West Sumatra. The Port Health Office (KKP) reported that out of 1228 total meningitis vaccination visits, 245 people (19.95%) were vaccinated less than 30 days before departure. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of prospective Umrah pilgrims with meningitis vaccination compliance. Quantitative method research with a cross-sectional research design with accidental sampling technique with a sample of 37 people at the Padang Port Health Office (KKP) in August 2019. The research instrument used a questionnaire through interviews and computerized processing techniques. The results showed that 70.3% of the Umrah pilgrims had a low level of knowledge, 54.1% of the pilgrims had negative attitudes, and 56.8% of the congregation respondents did not comply with the meningitis vaccination. It is hoped that the Padang City Port Health Office will increase the provision of information or socialization related to the timeliness of the meningitis vaccination for prospective Umrah pilgrims.

Evaluation and Implementation of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases at the Class I Port Health Office in Medan in 2022 in the Working Area of Kualanamu International Airport

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><em>One type of disease that can become a threat to global disease is an infectious disease. The airport is one of the public places that has the risk of becoming a portal of entry for infectious diseases. Factors influencing the entry of plague cases into Indonesia are weak supervision at the country's entry points and epidemiological surveillance activities that have not been maximized. Surveillance activities are carried out during the departure and arrival of aircraft from the infected area to the entrance to the Medan Class I</em> <em>port health office work area. Research Objectives: to assess and evaluate an activity using an observational approach to obtain in-depth information by observing carefully and directly at the Class I Port Health Office in Medan, the working area of Kualanamu International Airport. Method: this research is a type of evaluative research that evaluates and assesses an activity system using qualitative methods to obtain information from data sources or informants regarding activities that have been carried out, in order to be able to explain the actual situation in the field. Results: The problems encountered were workers' health, data reporting and data dissemination. Epidemiological surveillance of workers' health is still lacking so that additional workers' health is needed, then reporting weekly disease data so that current disease trends can be identified, as well as dissemination to stakeholders who are competent in their fields</em><br /><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keyword: </em></strong> <strong><em><span lang="EN-GB">Airport</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span lang="EN-GB">Evaluation,</span><span lang="EN-GB">Surveillance.</span></em></strong>

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR KESEHATAN PELABUHAN KELAS II JAYAPURA

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. Hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Based on medical check-up data from the Jayapura Class II Port Health Office, it is known that there was an increase in hypertension cases in 2020, there were 18 employees (29.03%), and in 2021 it increased to 25 employees (40.32%). This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in Jayapura Class II Port Health Office employees in 2021. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional study design. The sample used in this study amounted to 62 employees with a sampling technique that is total sampling. The data collection method used is in the form of primary data and secondary data, using questionnaires and medical record data for Class II Jayapura KKP employees. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the results showed that there was a relationship between age (p=0.014), obesity (p=0.001), exercise habits (p=0.004), workload (p=0.017), stress (p=0.001) with the incidence of hypertension in employees at the Jayapura Class II Port Health Office in 2021. Therefore, the Class II Port Health Office is expected to reduce the incidence of hypertension to carry out or hold regular blood pressure checks, morning exercise activities, lunch procurement programs every day with menus that are in accordance with balanced nutrition guidelines, making arrangements for workloads that are in accordance with the working hours that have been determined according to the law.

THE VALUE OF AIR GERM NUMBERS AT SOEKARNO HATTA AIRPORT IN 2021

Introduction: Indoor air quality greatly affects human health, because almost 90% of human life is indoors. This study aims to analyze the number of airborne germs at Soekarno Hatta Airport in 2021. Methods: The research design was cross-sectional study. The number of measurements of airborne germ numbers was carried out in 29 locations with 136 sample points, and mapping was carried out at 20 locations with 78 sample points. Data collection was using secondary data from Port Health Office of Class I Soekarno Hatta. The analysis used is univariate analysis, presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and mapping with ArcGIS and AutoCad. Results and Discussion: The study showed that most of the airborne germ numbers matched the quality standard, but there were 14 sample points (10.3%) that exceeded the quality standard. High-risk locations with red zones are located at Domestic Terminal 3 and Port Health Office of Class I Soekarno Hatta. Low-risk locations with green zones are in International Terminal 3 and Terminal 2. Conclusion: Therefore, all building, bus, and airline managers need to improve implementation disinfection, cleaning of the entire area, periodic maintenance of air conditioner and replacement of Hepafilter. Measurement of air germ numbers is needed as a routine activity of Port Health Office of Class I Soekarno Hatta to evaluate and monitor air quality

Analisis Kinerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Poso

Public sector organizations must be able to carry out good performance for accountability to the community. This study aims to determine the performance of the Poso Port Health Office with a value for money approach. This study uses secondary data, during the 2015-2020 period. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results of the analysis obtained according to the principle of value for money, namely the economic criteria showed a ratio of 90%-100% which according to economic performance was carried out. While the efficiency criteria of the Poso port health office get a result of 7%-30% which means that there is a very high efficiency performance. The last criterion is the effectiveness criteria, the organization carries out performance effectively, as shown from the results of the calculation of the ratio above 100%.

EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION, MOTIVATION AND WORK COMPETENCY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Purpose: This study was to determine the effect of communication, motivation and work competency on employee performance.
 Research Methodology: This research is a quantitative research with regression. This study uses a quantitative approach to see the causal relationship of several factors that influence performance. The population is the object and subject that meet certain criteria related to the problem of a study. The population in this study were all employees of class II Bandung port health office as many as 66 employees.
 Results: From the calculation results, the calculated F value is 13,438 and the significance is 0.000. Based on the criteria for the F TEST test results, it shows that F count (13,438) > F table (2,76) and the value of Sig (0,000) < 0,05 means that there is an influence between Communication Variables (X 1 ), Motivation (X 2 ) and Competence Work (X 3 ) has a joint (simultaneous) effect on the performance variable (Y). From the results of the analysis of determination (R Square (R2 ) ) shows the coefficient of determination (KD). R2 value of 0.394 means that the percentage of the contribution of the influence of the Communication variable (X 1 ), motivation (X 2 ) and Work Competence (X 3 ) Simultaneously to the Performance variable (Y) is 39.4%. While 60.6% is influenced by other factors. 
 Limitations: The population in this study are all class II Bandung port health office employees, in the future it is hoped that it can be applied in other sectors
 Contribution: Although the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is included in the Less classification. According to the author's suggestion, it should be further improved, especially in terms of communication skills, then the motivation that must be increased and no less important is the Work Competence of the employees themselves, so this will have an impact on increasing employee performance. This will improve health services.

Health Information : A Survey Study of Rat Vector in the Working Area of The Port Health Office Class II, Tarakan City

Rats are carriers and breeding grounds for a variety of parasites. The existence of a large population of rats can cause zoonotic diseases. This research is a survey and identification of the presence of rats in the Tarakan Class II Port Health Office Juwata Tarakan Airport and Port Working Area as an effort to prevent zoonotic disease caused by rat vectors. This research is descriptive with quantitative data types, measuring the presence of rats for 4 days and identification of rat species using survey and observation data collection methods. The results showed that the rats caught were still in low numbers with the types of rats caught being Rattus rattus and Rattus novergicus. Observation of the area showed that poor sanitation conditions, the density of piles of goods, sewerage, and the distance between the trash can and the canteen were opportunities for rats

The Analysis Of Characteristics, Habitat Spatial Distribution, and The Impacts On Anopheles Sp. Larvae Dencities at Perimeter and Buffer Area in The Mota’ain Cross-Border Station Of Port Health Office Kupang 2021

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is still the third largest contributor to Malaria cases in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 12%, Papua (18.4%) and West Papua (26.1%). Directly border with The Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) with Mota'ain as the main crossing point, increases the risk of infectious diseases transmission. Mota’ain is located in coastal areas, swamps, river basins, former fish ponds, and rice fields potentially to be Anopheles sp. habitats. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics and spatial distribution of potential breeding habitats for Anopheles sp. in Mota'ain. This is a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The Anopheles sp mosquito bionomic area, which included swamps, rice fields, estuaries around the perimeter, and the buffer area of the Mota'ain border, served as the research sample. The spatial regression test was used to analyze the data, and the results revealed three points of Anopheles sp larvae habitats, namely fish ponds, swamps, and river basin. In the buffer area, 24 (80%) of the larvae habitats were found within a 200-meter radius, and 24 (80%) of the larvae habitats were found within a 400-meter radius 6 (20%). There was no habitat found around the perimeter. With a habitat index of 50%, the density of Anopheles sp larvae per catch ranged from 0.04 to 12.03. Anopheles sp larvae discovered included Anopheles Barbirostris, Anopheles Subpictus, and Anopheles Vagus. Swamps have the most habitat (3,004.7 m2), while river basins have the least (3,004.7 m2) (2.93 m2). The Spatial Regression Test revealed that habitat area (p = 0.014), water pH (p = 0.015), and salinity (p = 0.00012) were significant. This means that habitat area, water pH, and salinity all have an effect on Anopheles sp. density, whereas temperature has no effect (p = 0.778). Cleaning aquatic plants and employing larval predators to prevent larval breeding.

Literature Review: Faktor Sanitasi Kapal dengan Keberadaan Vektor di Kapal

Background:
 Ship are related to public health because they allow the spread of disease due to public health risk factors, one of which is the presence of vectors that can trigger disease exchange in human. The existence of vectors on board is caused by poor sanitation such as bad hygiene, inadequate lighting and ventilation, bad food storage, and scattered garbage that is not properly disposed of.
 Objectives:
 This literature review aims to determine the relationship between ship sanitation factors and the presence of vectors on ship
 Research Metodes: 
 This study use the literature review method by searching for journals on the google scholar database and one search (2010-2020). The keyword used are "ship sanitation with vector presence", "ship sanitation and presence of vectors" and "ship and vector sanitation".
 Results: 
 The result obtained on google scholar 150 articles and one search 16 articles where only 11 articles match this study. The result of this study, unqualified ship compartments namely kitchen and warehouse, due to ineligible hygiene, do not have adequate trash cans, and are free of insects and rat. The presence of cockroach vectors tends to be found on passenger ships and the presence of mosquito and mouse vectors tends to be found on cargo ship.
 Conclusion: 
 The conclusion in this study is that ship sanitation factors are related to the existence of vectors. The advice given is to increase routine ship sanitation checks by the Port Health Office officers.