Pornography Cases Research Articles

Prohibition of Child pornography: Enhancing Child Protection in Indonesia

As many other countries in the world, Indonesia has serious problems with child pornography. The problems linked with the child pornography exist in Indonesia, involving both male and female children. In 2008, Law Number 44/2008 on Pornography was enacted. With regard to the widespread distribution and accessibility of child pornography through the Internet, Indonesia also has Law Number 11/2008 and its revision on Electronic Information and Transaction. At the international level, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Furthermore, in 2012, Indonesia ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC). However, based on data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia/KPAI) from 2011 to 2016 there were 1709 cases of child pornography and cybercrime. The cases of child pornography are still increasing and seems impossible to stop. This paper will scrutinize how the existing Indonesian law concerning prohibition of child pornography protects the children. It will also examine whether the law are in compliance with the OPSC. This paper is a doctrinal research using statute, conceptual and comparative approaches. The existing Indonesian law will be compared with the OPSC. The study will show some of the compatibility issues of Indonesian respective national law with the OPSC. On the basis of the findings, the last part of the study will provide recommendations on how Indonesia shall enhance the fight against child pornography.

INTERPRETASI HADIST TENTANG PERANAN WANITA DALAM DINAMIKA SOSIAL

Today, Indonesia is experiencing a crisis in a number of fields. In addition to experiencing the economic crisis, Indonesia is also being hit by a moral, mental and spiritual crisis. Most of the objects which at the same time cause the crisis are women. Starting from pornography cases, showing off bodies, erotic dances, and many more being the main target and the bait is women. Women can be used as resources to improve society. Women can also be a means to destroy and destroy society.Throughout history, women have struggled to get their rights. However, now they are back in colonialism, namely in the form of modernoccupation. Women consider themselves independent when they can show off their beautiful bodies to be enjoyed by masculine men. Women now have forgotten the nature of themselves, they tend to accentuate their facial beauty and beauty without noticing the beauty of their character.

Secondary Trauma and Parenting Practices in Internet Crimes against Children Task Force Investigators.

Investigating cases of child pornography requires daily exposure to sexually explicit material involving children and may have negative implications on the mental well-being of those in this line of work. This study aimed to identify whether secondary traumatic stress symptoms were associated with participants’ parenting behaviors and concerns about their own children’s use of the internet. Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force workers (n = 212) completed online questionnaires measuring work exposure to sexually explicit material, secondary traumatic stress symptoms, and parenting behaviors. Professionals in this field reported a wide range of secondary trauma symptoms, and their parenting behaviors were both directly and indirectly (via secondary trauma) affected by prolonged exposure to sexually explicit material involving children. Internet monitoring behaviors were more prevalent for parents of younger children, and mothers’ parenting behaviors were more strongly associated with secondary trauma symptoms than were fathers. Results have implications for mental health and parenting services for professionals in this field.

INTEGRASI INTERKONEKSI PERMAINAN CONGKAK DENGAN QURAN SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK DALAM MENGHADAPI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

Entering the era of industrial revolution 4.0, technology is growing rapidly and has a significant influence on life in Indonesia, especially for children. Accessing the internet to do homework from the school is sometimes misused by them due to a lack of guidance in accessing them, such as accessing immoral videos. According to Susanto, Chair of the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), in 2018 counted until September there were 525 cases of pornography and cybercrime in children. One of the efforts that can be done in overcoming it is through character education that is inspired by surah Al-Isra (17): 32 and Al-Tahrim (66): 6 which instructs to guard themselves and their families from bad deeds, especially zina. The form of Quran character education will be taught using a traditional game in the form of dakon or congkak. The research method in this paper uses direct observation in several schools in the Yogyakarta area. This study uses qualitative data with primary and secondary sources. The technique of collecting data uses literature review, documentation, and interviews with elementary school (SD) level students. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of children in education and advance the nation's next-generation in various ways. With the game dakon or congkak, later it will be explained about babakan hawa sanga or closing nine holes in the body. The game will be integrated with the Quranic values by explaining the verses of the Quran that are following the game.

Legal Protection for Children as a Victim of Criminal Pornographic Actions According to Law Number 44 of 2008

The purpose of this study are as follows: 1) To find out and examine the form of Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Pornography Crimes According to Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning pornography. 2) To find out and study the efforts that must be made by the government in Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Pornography. The type of research used by the author in this thesis is normative legal research that studies law as the norm in legislation. Normative Legal Research is also called library research, document study, as well as doctrinal law research, because this research is conducted or aimed only at written legislation or other legal materials. In conducting normative legal research or also known as doctrinal research using statutory regulations, court decisions (jurisprudence), legal theory, and opinions of legal experts related to legal protection for children as victims of pornography crime according to law number 44 of 2008 about pornography. From the results of the research Based on the discussion and analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Pornography Acts according to Law Number 44 Year 2008 is to provide comfort to victims in providing special protection for children so that their trauma and mental illness are not disturbed and has the right to rehabilitation,And efforts by the government and the community to prevent the occurrence of pornography involving children by conducting seminars, appeals, socialization of the community so that the protection of children from cases of pornography is not widespread and prevented earlier. The form of criminal liability for pornography involving children is regulated in Article 37 of Law Number 44 Year 2008 concerning Pornography, that criminal sanctions are added 1/3 of the maximum threat of criminal. Where criminal sanctions can be given are imprisonment only, criminal fines in the form of money only, or imprisonment plus fines.

Measuring cyber pornography based on Indonesian living law: A study of current law finding method

Based on the research result of the judge's decision in Indonesia in the case of cyber-pornography during 2008–2016, this article discussed the importance of legal finding in cyber-pornography cases. According to the judge's report, cyber pornography cases were often examined by using grammatical, systematic, and historical interpretation as a result of formal formulation of pornography laws. This article discussed judge's “legal breakthrough” efforts in making legal finding from cyber-pornography criminal cases, first, through judge's understanding on the concept of pornography based on the living law, and second, the mechanism of legal finding performed by the judge. It is suggested that, the judge imposed a moral norm (living law) as a reference in assessing the unlawfulness of pornography actions. The discovery of the law in a criminal case is not impossible because the judge keeps a contextual interpretation of the norms of public morality based on the formulation of the Law.

Komunikasi Orang Tua dengan Anak dalam Upaya Mengantisipasi Kebebasan Seks di Luar Nikah

One reason to increase efforts to prevent children in sex freedom before marriage is to establish interpersonal communication with children. The reason is that the blurry portraits of Indonesian teenagers are caused by smelling cases of pornography, ranging from free sex, abortion, to HIV / AIDS. One of the causes of this phenomenon is the lack of interpersonal communication between parents and children. The paradigm used is Post-positivism, with a qualitative research approach and descriptive analysis method. The theory used is the theory of the formation of attitudes and behavior by Yvon. Research result; Parents find it difficult to communicate with children, especially openness about the issue of sexual freedom. Some ways that parents do include: Creating a comfortable and interesting communication atmosphere for children, through the style of telling stories about topics that are up to date, etc. Interpersonal communication carried out by parties who have a positive attitude, will greatly support the success of communication. The parties do not have suspicions, suspicions and negative allegations, but rather positive. More than that, parents must also be able to be flexible in terms of positioning. Parents are forbidden to be selfish, just want to be above the child. In communicating privately with children, parents must understand when when as a parent, when as a friend and when as a person who is under the child. Equality in interpersonal communication between parents and children is very important, so that communication can run smoothly, flow without the burden, and can talk about the issue of sexual freedom.

Edukasi Penanganan Adiksi Remaja di Sekolah Melalui Pendekatan Kesehatan dan Agama

EDUCATION OF ADOLESCENT ADDICTION TREATMENT WITH HEALTH AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION APPROACHES AT SCHOOL. Smoking, drugs, pornography and video game addiction cases are iceberg mountain phenomenon which the cases are seen only as small part from fully part of the cases particularly in adolescent. This effects to health status of adolescent involve physics, mental, spiritual and social. Smoking, drugs, pornography and video game behaviour as abnormal behaviour on adolescent are an immature response from stress that happened in developing phase of adolescent. As the effort to prevent the incidence of adolescent abnormal behaviour and to increase mental health promotion especially on adolescent and teachers is needed preventive and pro-motive program with adolescent addiction education program. This program was conducted to teachers of MTs Muhammadiyah Kasihan because the teachers have much interaction with adolescent. This community service program was conducted with various method such as screening, preparation, teaching, empowering and evaluation. The result showed that the rate of teacher’s knowledge before conducting the education program is low or bad with score 48.1 and after conducting the education program increased to fair or enough with score 61.45. This community service program also developed module book about adolescent addiction treatment with health and religious education approaches.

Pornography in print media: Legal review of pornographic content on Mantra Tabloid in Indonesia

Cases of pornography are rife in various media, including print media, into severe problems because pornographic content harms public behavior. Especially for teenagers and children. The main problem is: what is the legal review of pornographic content in the Mantra Tabloid? The research paradigm uses quantitative—data collection techniques by content analysis, documentation, and literature review. Two types of data are processed: primary data (document Mantra Tabloid of 170th Edition) and secondary data (literature study). The result, Tabloid Mantra legitimately contain pornographic content. The women exposed in the Mantra Tabloid became the object of sex as well as victims. The result of content analysis from Tabloid Mantra is corroborated by the Press Council's decision, which gives sanction (written warning). In the future, the research results should be followed up by a lawsuit against the managers of Tabloid Mantra through the court.

Evaluating and Reducing Risk in Online Child Pornography Cases.

In their article on the subject of risk assessment of online child sexual exploitation offenders, Hirschtritt and colleagues highlight an important finding derived from an analysis of group data which concludes that the vast majority of individuals convicted for accessing child pornography online (and who have had no prior conviction for a contact sexual offense) are at low risk of becoming a contact, hands-on, sexual offender. This commentary is intended to complement their observations by emphasizing the importance of performing a comprehensive psychiatric-forensic evaluation when assessing risk. It argues that greater emphasis should be placed upon reducing any risk that may be identified rather than simply asserting its presence. While not arguing against legal sanctions, this commentary questions their severity in some instances based upon the above noted finding. This commentary suggests that effectively addressing the mental health needs of child pornography accessors and exploring methods of primary prevention should be considered aspects of risk reduction.

Digital crime and crime within a digital environment: The child pornography case

The constant transition to the digital world is not simple or problem-free. Along with the remarkable progress in real time borderless communication and the broad and immediate access to any information, one cannot help but notice that delinquency and crime took their chances. Regulating cyberspace, due to its limitless nature, proved difficult and quite challenging for the lawmakers worldwide. Especially, the issue of child pornography has become one of the thorns of our times. Even though the involvement of children in pornography has been taking place for many years and in various forms, the issue only became controversial and it attracted the attention of our societies and legal regimes as soon as the Internet proliferated and software related inventions contributed in the manufacturing of child pornography. This proposal presents a brief introduction to cybercrime as defined by legal entities, addresses the controversial issue of real and virtual child pornography and proposes the involvement of social sciences in regulating the matter.

INTERPRETASI HADIST TENTANG PERANAN WANITA DALAM DINAMIKA SOSIAL

Today, Indonesia is experiencing a crisis in a number of fields. In addition to experiencing the economic crisis, Indonesia is also being hit by a moral, mental and spiritual crisis. Most of the objects which at the same time cause the crisis are women. Starting from pornography cases, showing off bodies, erotic dances, and many more being the main target and the bait is women. Women can be used as resources to improve society. Women can also be a means to destroy and destroy society.Throughout history, women have struggled to get their rights. However, now they are back in colonialism, namely in the form of modernoccupation. Women consider themselves independent when they can show off their beautiful bodies to be enjoyed by masculine men. Women now have forgotten the nature of themselves, they tend to accentuate their facial beauty and beauty without noticing the beauty of their character.

Application research of electronic forensics technology in internet pornography cases

Studying cybercrime investigation and evidence collection has important practical significance for improving the detection rate of network cases and curbing cybercrime. The article expounds the objectives, basic processes and key technologies of electronic forensics. Through a real case, it analyzes the principles and conditions of remote access to the records in the database, and proposes a method for remotely obtaining data to verify the electronic forensics technology in the case of “cyber pornography”. The actual forensics process. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for the investigation and evidence collection of cybercrime cases are put forward.

Pemberdayaan Relawan Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Kekerasan Terhadap Anak

Child abuse in Indonesia is increasing every year. In 2011 there were 2178 cases of violence, in 2012 there were 3512 cases, in 2013 there were 4311 cases, in 2014 there were 5066 cases (KPAI, 2015). Of these cases, there were 5 of the highest cases from 2011 to April 2015, namely (1) children dealing with the law recorded 6006 cases, (2) cases of care 3160, (3) education cases 1764, (4) health cases and drugs 1366 and ( 5) cases of pornography and cybercrime 1032. Where also need to be known that there are 3 child locus of violence, namely: family environment, school environment and community environment. Many parents consider child abuse to be a natural thing. These acts of violence can have both physical and psychological impacts. Both parents and the public do not understand the existence of hazards that threaten child safety and awareness of the need for child protection from threats of violence and sexual crimes are still low. This condition is clearly very alarming and requires precautionary measures for subsequent sacrifices involving various parties. The government does have to take the main part of the prevention effort, both through impartial policy formulation and applicable operational programs. In addition, various social organizations must also be seriously involved in their efforts to anticipate more violence and sexual crimes against children. The Community Partnership Program (PKM) is packaged by designing a social movement together by forming a volunteer group to protect children from the Panggungharjo Village community as an effort to prevent and deal with cases of violence against children. The method used in this activity includes TOT or child protection volunteer training in Panggungharjo Village can be described as a pyramid, in line with the pyramid of psychosocial recovery services.Keywords: Empowerment, Volunteer, Countermeasures, Child Violence

Camera recognition with deep learning

In this paper, camera recognition with the use of deep learning technique is introduced. To identify the various cameras, their characteristic photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) noise pattern was extracted. In forensic science, it is important, especially for child pornography cases, to link a photo or a set of photos to a specific camera. Deep learning is a sub-field of machine learning which trains the computer as a human brain to recognize similarities and differences by scanning it, in order to identify an object. The innovation of this research is the use of PRNU noise patterns and a deep learning technique in order to achieve camera identification. In this paper, AlexNet was modified producing an improved training procedure with high maximum accuracy of 80%–90%. DIGITS showed to have identified correctly six cameras out of 10 with a success rate higher than 75% in the database. However, many of the cameras were falsely identified indicating a fault occurring during the procedure. A possible explanation for this is that the PRNU signal is based on the quality of the sensor and the artefacts introduced during the production process of the camera. Some manufacturers may use the same or similar imaging sensors, which could result in similar PRNU noise patterns. In an attempt to form a database which contained different cameras of the same model as different categories, the accuracy rate was low. This provided further proof of the limitations of this technique, since PRNU is stochastic in nature and should be able to distinguish between different cameras from the same brand. Therefore, this study showed that current convolutional neural networks (CNNs) cannot achieve individualization with PRNU patterns. Nevertheless, the paper provided material for further research.

Is it Parental Communication, Self-Esteem, or Internet use that makes Pornography Behavior in Teenagers? (cases of pornography and porno-action)

<p class="Paragraf">Parent-adolescent communication will affect both positive and negative behaviors in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of the characteristics of adolescents and families with parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, the use of internet, pornography and porn-action.The respondents of the study were teenagers in the age groups of 14-17 years, consisted of 137 respondents in Bogor, selected by using random sampling technique.Parent-adolescent communication consists of daily communication and preventife discussion of pornography and porn-action.Furthermore, adolescent' self-esteem includes both positive and negative perceptions of self among adolescents. The use of the media is focused on the frequency of Internet use for pornography and porn-action behavior including viewing and disseminating porn contents. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, and multiple linear regression test. The results showed that female are more open to communicate with parents than male. Male pornography and pornoaction behavior are higher than female. Regression results indicate that preventative discussion of pornography and porn-action of parent-adolescents and internet usage affect the behavior of pornography and porn-action.</p>

Understanding Revenge Pornography: A National Survey of Police Officers and Staff in England and Wales.

Online abuse, facilitated via social media and mobile technologies, has recently attracted considerable academic attention. The nonconsensual sharing of intimate images-revenge pornography-can have a devastating effect on victims, is a global problem, and constitutes interpersonal violence. The national helpline in the United Kingdom has now received over 7,000 calls. In the United Kingdom, new legislation making revenge pornography a crime was introduced in 2014, yet the police do not always respond appropriately to victims. This article presents the findings of a national online survey of police understanding of revenge pornography, undertaken in the United Kingdom in March 2017. The study set out to investigate police knowledge of revenge pornography legislation, their confidence in responding to cases of revenge pornography, and what level of training they had received. A total of 783 members of the police force responded to the survey and, to the authors' knowledge, this the first study to seek to quantify the understanding of revenge pornography by police officers and staff in England and Wales. The findings suggest that the police in the United Kingdom have a limited understanding of revenge pornography legislation and lack confidence both in investigating cases and in effectively responding to victims. The implications of the study demonstrate that there is an urgent need for training across police forces to ensure that cases of revenge pornography are appropriately responded to, victims are safeguarded, and offenders brought to justice.

Assessing the Psychological Well-being and Coping Mechanisms of Law Enforcement Investigators vs. Digital Forensic Examiners of Child Pornography Investigations

Previous research indicates law enforcement investigators and digital forensic examiners working child exploitation cases are at an increased risk for experiencing psychological distress; however, the roles of digital forensic examiners and investigators often overlap substantially when working child pornography cases. Thus, the current study was the first to compare the psychological well-being, job satisfaction, coping mechanisms, and attitudes toward mental health services for individuals working as either digital forensic examiners and/or investigators of child pornography cases. Law enforcement officers were solicited from the Internet Crimes Against Children task force listserv, and based on their current self-reported duties, 20 were classified as digital forensic examiners-only, 71 as investigators-only, and 38 as both digital forensic examiners and investigators of cases involving Internet child pornography. Results showed significant differences between groups; individuals performing both duties scored significantly higher on secondary traumatic stress, higher on feelings of worthlessness, and lower on concentration compared to digital forensic examiners-only. Individuals performing both duties also reported significantly lower scores on job satisfaction compared to investigators-only. Finally, individuals working both duties were significantly more likely to know someone who sought counseling as a result of work-related stress. The study’s mental health implications and future research suggestions are discussed.

Network investigative source codes and due process

The US federal government has developed an electronic computer tool known as the Network Investigative Technique (‘NIT’). Essentially, an NIT is a device used by law enforcement to invade an individual computer to obtain access to and obtain all types of information, including computer files, pictures, emails, and other data. This success has led to numerous prosecutions of those receiving and sharing child pornography. However, in response, defendants are starting to raise challenges to the manner in which this technology functions. The courts are struggling with where to draw the line between a defendant’s right to a fair trial, which may be infringed upon if the defendant does not have adequate understanding of how the technology works, and the government’s interest in maintaining secrecy regarding the investigative tools that it develops. For example, criminal defence attorneys in Baltimore were largely unaware that officers with the Baltimore Police Department used cell site simulators over 4,000 times in criminal investigations. This article addresses the use of NITs in the prosecution of a series of related child pornography cases. The first part addresses not only how the FBI began investigating the child pornography distribution ring, but also the issuance of a search warrant by a federal magistrate judge in Virginia that was central to the indictment and prosecution of each defendant around the country. In response to their indictment and prosecution, the defendants raised a number of legal challenges to the FBI’s use of the NIT. These various challenges are discussed in the second part. Most defendants did not succeed in avoiding a conviction for some kind of child pornography charge. However, the third part discusses one case that resisted this trend of convictions based on the notion that the defendant needed access to the NIT source code in order properly defend himself. Index words: United States of America; network investigative technique; source code; due process

Propuesta de una Clasificación española sobre imágenes de pornografía infantil

En la actualidad, el intercambio de material relacionado con la pornografía infantil ha aumentado considerablemente gracias al incremento de las oportunidades de difusión, las técnicas de producción así como las formas de intercambio y distribución del material en la red. La investigación policial sobre estos delitos se enfrenta a importantes retos, entre los cuales, destacan el volumen de casos de pornografía infantil que se detecta anualmente y la identificación de los perfiles de usuarios que potencialmente podrían convertirse en agresores sexuales. La investigación que se presenta en este artículo pretende contribuir a mejorar la eficacia policial en este ámbito, mediante el establecimiento de una clasificación nacional de imágenes y vídeos de pornografía infantil según la gravedad del contenido del material. Para ello, se han revisado una muestra de 4.116 fotografías y otra de 400 vídeos archivados en investigaciones realizadas entre 2008 y 2013 por la Unidad Técnica de policía Judicial de la Guardia Civil. Este artículo describe la clasificación escogida así como los niveles encontrados para las muestras analizadas, además de ofrecer la edad, el sexo y la etnia preferida por los consumidores en el material detectado. Finalmente, se presenta la validación de la clasificación a través de un acuerdo interjueces.