Pork Butchers Research Articles

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Seroprevalences in Pigs and among pork Butchers in two regions of Northern Togo

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Seroprevalences in Pigs and among pork Butchers in two regions of Northern Togo

The King and the Catholics: England, Ireland, and the Fight for Religious Freedom, 1780–1829

While most contemporary audiences and readers associate British monarch George III with Lin Miranda’s hit musical Hamilton, particularly the king’s show-stopping “You’ll Be Back,” few would connect Harold Pinter to the Abominable Question of Catholic Emancipation. Thanks to Pinter’s widow, Lady Antonia Fraser, and perhaps this review, however, they are now linked. It would appear that the constituencies in the battle for religious freedom from 1780 to 1829 would have nothing to do with the middle-class characters inhabiting Pinter’s plays, but a quick read of Fraser’s book shows that fashion may be the only difference between Pinter’s cast of thugs, criminals, politicos, and pugilists and the eighteenth-century British monarchy. At the heart of both authors’ work is power, and both use their razor-sharp wit to skewer the overinflated.Like Pinter’s, Fraser’s canon is multifaceted and substantial: fourteen historical nonfiction works, including two memoirs, Must You Go? My Life with Harold Pinter and My History: A Memoir of Growing Up. Her most famous historicals feature women: The Weaker Vessel: Women’s Lot in Seventeenth-Century England, The Warrior Queens, The Wives of Henry VIII, and Marie Antoinette: The Journey, which was later made into a film directed by Sofia Coppola, starring Kirsten Dunst. Her Jemima Shore mysteries were also the basis of two successful television series.A convert to Catholicism at the age of fourteen, Fraser admits that since that time, she has had a “lifelong fascination with Catholic history” (xi). Judging from Our Israeli Diary, 1978, which documents her trip with Pinter, Pinter did not. It is comical to read of Fraser’s delight in all things religious, while Pinter’s response is always one of polite disinterest.According to Fraser, The King and the Catholics continues the work she began in Faith and Treason: The Story of the Gunpowder Plot. And both address an issue she says is “timeless: the rights of people to practice their own religion” (xi). And just a few examples from the book support her claim. She begins with the Gordon Riots, which resulted in over one thousand dead and destruction to the city “that would not be surpassed until the Blitz in the Second World War” (1). Led by Lord George Gordon, the unrest was a response to the Catholic Relief Act, which gave Catholics the right to buy land, removed the persecution of priests, and permitted Catholic schools. While the act also required Catholics to take an oath of allegiance, Gordon and others thought the concession did nothing to alleviate the real threat of Catholic religious freedom—the threat of foreign political interference, or worse, from the Vatican. Fraser is quick to note, too, that the Catholics were far from innocent. She reminds us of their bloody deeds, treachery, and attempts to overthrow governments, and almost anticipating the pandemic, she includes the mention of an anti-vaxxer pope, Leo XII (132).Clearly, ignorance fueled much of the hostility. Religious differences were often just an excuse to riot: “the mere word ‘Popery’ was in fact inflammatory,” but many did not know, quoting Daniel Defoe, “whether it be a man or a horse” (3). To connect the eighteenth century to contemporary times further, during an 1826 election in Waterford, the loser, George Beresford, who argued that Catholics should be grateful to their aristocratic “natural protectors,” contested the election in a manner similar to America’s forty-fifth president (162–63). The election, by the way, was won by the behind-the-scenes work of the great emancipator, Daniel O’Connell, a Protestant sympathetic to Catholic Emancipation and who persuaded the notoriously rowdy pork butchers of Waterford to “take the pledge” and not drink until the election was won (163), in this case by a Protestant sympathetic to Catholic Emancipation.The book is filled with entertaining details about affairs, sins, missteps, waffling, politics, deals, crimes, bodily functions, and savageries, all the best bits that make British history so addictive. A friend who also read the book said, “How does Fraser find these details?” Perhaps it is her experience writing detective fiction, which certainly helps in this book. Though we all know the ending, Fraser’s artistry makes the final stages of this battle over religious freedom exciting, suspenseful, and relevant. More importantly, as an outspoken critic against the misuses of power through her political activism and her body of work, Fraser reminds us that such battles are, unfortunately, timeless, and the defense of such freedoms necessary no matter what the era.

Identifying priority areas for value creation in the Zimbabwean pork industry

Value creation is indispensable in enhancing agribusiness performance. However, there is a need to identify priority areas to unlock industry potential. The study sought to highlight particular areas within the Zimbabwean pork industry where value creation could offer the industry advantage. A survey of 24 pork butchers, 6 pork processors and 166 pig farmers from Mashonaland Central Province was utilised in the study. Descriptive statistics, correlation, ANOVA and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. The results highlighted that the industry regarded value creation through advantage in the acquisition of inputs, goods and services, production/processing, and logistics, which consequently makes those key target areas. Furthermore, the created value (profit/cost ratio) was influenced by the category of agribusiness, distance to markets, business practice and socio-economic dynamics of the business decision-makers. In conclusion, production and processing, as well as inbound logistics, were identified to be less effective in value creation. However, increasing transportation advantage will likely improve value. The study recommends that the pork industry leverage on production/processing, inbound logistics and transportation. Policy implications relate to the creation of a conducive environment in input procurement and transportation. The study adds insights for business strategy and policy formulation, aiding in enhancing turnover and strategic positioning

The German Pork Butchers of Dublin, 1900-c.1945

The stepwise migration of several German-born families through England into Ireland in the early twentieth century resulted in the establishment of a congregation of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Dublin area that remains to the present day. Following research into their origins and activities, this article reveals that these immigrants overwhelmingly originated from the Wurttemberg region of southern Germany and were disproportionately engaged as pork butchers. Through a robust kin and kith network, employment opportunities and religious information passed through the small and tight-knit community. The Dublin congregation was wealthy and mostly composed of German-born persons. This article explores the origins, composition, distribution, and experiences of the community across almost fifty years as it experiences continuity and change over time.

Social network analysis of practice adoption facing outbreaks of African Swine Fever

Animal epizootics show widely destructive effect on livestock value chains in sub Saharan Africa, pushing many smallholders into poverty and discouraging investments. Hence, African swine fever (ASF) has been playing a deeply depressing role on swine value chain of Benin since its first occurrence in the country in 1997. Exchanges between actors are fundamental among stakeholders for the overall performance of a value chain and is key in the way these can respond to challenges, as epizootic threats. The present study describes how stakeholders of the swine value chain interact in the diffusion of innovative practices facing an outbreak of ASF. In seven districts, focus groups were first organized with stakeholders to identify changes and other reactions that ensued from a recent ASF outbreak in Benin. In a second step, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, following a respondent-driven sampling, to collect the contact information needed for social network analysis. The influence of actors’ characteristics on their degree centrality was tested through multiple linear regression model. Regulatory requirements and available incomes facilitated practice diffusion among groups of pork butchers, traders/brokers and input suppliers. Stockbreeders displayed passivity in the diffusion of practices whereas they should have the forefront role in addressing the challenge of ASF. Nevertheless, their significant interest in capacity reinforcement, associations, exchange visits and professionalization may lead them to increase their involvement in a joint control of the disease.

Participatory innovation analysis along livestock value chains: Case of swine value chain in Benin

Rural poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a huge challenge despite the successive agricultural development policies, most of which have failed to involve stakeholders actively. The present rise of pork demand in Benin calls for an assessment of the swine value chain (VC) to envision its development. A participatory approach is here proposed to join this assessment to a stimulation of innovation among stakeholders. The approach is divided in four stages: i) identification of actors and direct links along the VC, ii) characterisation of innovation practices, iii) identification of bottlenecks and opportunities using innovation system framework, and iv) measurement of agreement among VC actors about constraints and value-added sharing, using proportional piling tool. A second survey, two full years after the first one, assessed the impact of actions conducted with VC actors. A typological analysis of innovation practices was conducted to define “innovation profiles” among each of the three main categories of actors: swine stockbreeders (n = 134), pork butchers (n = 45) and input suppliers (n = 25). Three innovation profiles were retained for each category, which may be understood as covering 2 distinct innovator profiles and one non-innovator profile. The profiles qualified as “innovators” accounted for 82%, 84%, and 76%, respectively in stockbreeders, pork butchers and input suppliers. The lack of professionalisation appeared to actors as the main constraint. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) indicated that actors agreed to state that pork butchers gained the most part of the value-added, followed by input suppliers. The second survey showed favorable impacts of the approach and follow-up activities on exchanges and organisation within the VC. It is here advocated that the present participatory method, while characterising the value-chain in a rapid way, further sets the basis for the dialogue between actors and the stimulation of innovation along the VC, which can be further sustained through an exchange platform.

Marketing mix strategy determinants in pork-based agri-businesses: Experiences from Zimbabwe

Orientation: Agri-businesses, especially at the farmer level, are devoid of sound marketing strategy. Research purpose: This study aimed to highlight the marketing mix elements most considered by pork-based agri-businesses. Motivation for the study: Zimbabwe underwent institutional transformation policies of land reform and indigenisation policies. New industry players came to the fore. However, they were devoid of sound business background. Research design, approach and method: The study utilised a questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey of 166 pig farmers, 6 pork processors and 24 pork butchers in Mashonaland Central province. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. Main findings: Product, promotion, price and partnership were considered. Category of agri-business, distance the furthest buyer travelled, the merchandise handled and frequency of abattoir or processor buyers determined marketing mix strategy. Perceptive performance of the agri-businesses in terms of marketing mix strategy was determined by category of agri-business, merchandise consideration, frequency of abattoir or processor buyer, seasonality of sales and time of consideration when selling; agri-business location and the experience of the agri-business. Practical/managerial implications: The study concluded with the myopic use of marketing mix based strategies in the Zimbabwean agri-businesses, targeting product-based characteristics, with varying determinants. There is opportunity to strategically position where place, promotion and pricing advantages exist. Contribution/value-add: The study added to insights for marketing managers, especially in a structural transformation situation, what marketing strategies are mostly utilised. This tends to avail shortfalls and opportunities that can be taken advantage of, to strategically position pork agri-businesses in Zimbabwe.

Pricing Strategies in Pork-based Agribusinesses: Evidence from Zimbabwe

Agribusinesses utilise an array of pricing strategies and practices that may be effective under certain circumstances. Price dictates income, directs the quantity supplied and demanded, provides an indication to customers, and shifts ownership. The objective of the study was to evaluate the current pricing strategies being employed in the Zimbabwean pork industry. The study utilised a cross-sectional survey of 166 pig producers, six pork abattoirs and 24 pork butchers in Mashonaland Central Province of Zimbabwe. A standardised pre-coded questionnaire was the research instrument utilised. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA and multiple linear regression were utilised to analyse the data. The results indicated that agribusinesses were utilising break-even pricing, which is cost-oriented, through a formula price, pursuing profit-oriented pricing objectives, through a one-price policy, aiming for a low-penetration pricing policy, with no discount policy and managing a profit-to-cost ratio between 0% and 4%. The study recommends that the industry be flexible in its pricing mechanisms through utilising sales-oriented objectives and appropriate discount policies to induce “goodwill” within the industry. The industry is also recommended to vertically integrate in order to spread and dilute price risk to allow flexibility in pricing, and to utilise premium pricing.

A Pork Butcher Threatened by Pork Disease: Experience of Lomé Teaching Hospital

A Pork Butcher Threatened by Pork Disease: Experience of Lomé Teaching Hospital

SHAKESPEARE'S HEAD

1 0 4 Y S H A K E S P E A R E ’ S H E A D J O S E P H H A R R I S O N ‘‘That skull had a tongue in it, and could sing once.’’ 1 GOOD FREND FOR JESUS SAKE FORBEARE, TO DIGG THE DUST ENCLOASED HEARE: BLESTE BE Ye MAN Yt SPARES THES STONES, AND CURST BE HE Yt MOVES MY BONES. And cursed be sexton, parish clerk, Or any man whose dirty work Disturbs my poor dust where it lies. I’ll see you, though through other eyes. The dead know how to set things right Ghosting the corners of the night, To find and leave you cold in bed, Your imperfections on your head. My blessing may do little good To those refraining as they should, But if you thrive by doing ill My curse will mark you, yes it will. 2 But how to reconcile The poet of such agony and lust, Of worldliness, rhetorical bravura, And infinite variety of style, And wit, and sprezzatura, With this insipid bust 1 0 5 R Of bluish Cotswold limestone, set in its niche? ‘‘A self-satisfied pork butcher’’ (Dover Wilson), quill pen in hand, He looks thick-headed, ordinary, rich. Whole worlds at his command? The cloud-capp’d show was over. Fears of the charnel house, of disinterred Confusion, ossuary mix and match. Who’s knocked about the mazard, Chopless? Well, anyone. Without a word Poor luck finds out the hazard, Some clay a hole to patch. Here lies. Commemorate, Like any other man, the matchless bard. Like golden lads and girls. The final stage. ‘‘Stay passenger.’’ Regard the name, the date. Trust to the living page, And pray. The rest is hard. 3 All your precautions can’t anticipate The odd macabre fads of future days: The bourgeoning celebrity skull craze That led collectors to decapitate Beethoven, Haydn, Swift, Sir Thomas Browne, Geronimo and Goya and de Sade, Led someone to pry up your stone, then prod Your resting spot to find you, three feet down, Shrouded not co≈ned, and detach the prize. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Discovers you’re not where we think you are, At least your skull is not. To our surprise An odd disturbance where your head should be (‘‘A strange brick structure’’ – what’s that doing there?) Suggests an infiltration and repair. Custodians of Holy Trinity 1 0 6 Y Won’t give permission for an excavation. With or without your head, they’ll let you lie . . . Cue the hideous lines, the shriek owl cry, The sheeted dead of Gothic machination Who squeak and gibber, cue men all in fire Walking the streets like portents, dews of blood, These late eclipses, wing to th’rooky wood, Burst cerements. Lights up. Bare ruined choir. 4 Curse or plea, it matters not. Greedy finds so Greedy takes, Scripts the coda, all mistakes. Mutilation of the plot Turns romance to tragic farce, Mocks the poet’s dying wish, Serves his head as on a dish. Mystery we’ll never parse, Clueless, bootless as the dead. Property appalled, the self Reams of paper on a shelf, Beauty, truth, and all that fled. Harbinger come far too near, Invitation in a curse. Hard, now, to imagine worse. Like the snows of yesteryear Constancy is for the birds. Greedy takes what Greedy finds, Casts it to the viewless winds. All’s defunctive. Blot these words. 5 Foul deeds will rise. The heart with strings of steel Will bow before the altar, flush with guilt. Confess your sins, though none will be forgiven, Not heinous theft, nor murderous intent, 1 0 7 R Nor profit from imaginary crime. A magpie’s not a man, though black and white, Blackness of heart, the white of cowardice Strutting in borrowed feathers, cap-a-pie. It’s better to be vile and vile esteemed Than not to be, however rank your crimes. Ladies and gentlemen, I stole Shakespeare’s head. At some point in the past, I won’t say how – Strings pulled, palms greased, equipment commandeered – Jump at the dark-shoaled middle of the...

Hepatitis E Virus Exposure is Increased in Pork Butchers from Burkina Faso

We conducted the first survey of zoonotic risk of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmissions in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, through the direct contact with pork meat during professional activity. Anti-HEV antibodies were more prevalent in pork butchers, 76% than in the general population, which was 47.8% in 2013 (odds ratio = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.85-4.21, P < 0.001). Among slaughter-aged swine, HEV seroprevalence was of 80%, and HEV RNA was detected in 1% of pork livers. Phylogenetic analysis pointed out HEV genotype 3. Thus, in addition to possible HEV contamination through the water source, as in endemic region, zoonotic transmissions of HEV probably occur in west Africa.

Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infection in Pregnant Woman, China, 2013

Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infection in Pregnant Woman, China, 2013

“not a propagandist for the better treatment of minorities”: The Richard Ellmann-Louis Hyman Correspondence

This article introduces and analyzes a series of now archived letters exchanged between Richard Ellmann and Louis Hyman, an Irish-born educator, private scholar, and author of The Jews of Ireland: From Earliest Times to the Year 1910 . Having first contacted Ellmann in 1961 to inquire about the biographer’s sources for Dublin models for Bloom, Hyman later became more animated in a series of exchanges in 1966 after discovering Joyce’s friendship in Trieste with Moses Dlugacz, the model for the eponymous Zionist pork butcher in Ulysses . The letters relate Hyman’s enthusiasm toward this figure as a source for the novel’s thematic use of Zionism in Bloom’s Jewish consciousness, as well as Ellmann’s cautionary hesitancy toward the same. The piece argues that, on a broad level, the letters represent two opposing sensibilities within the Jewish intellectual world of the mid-century, and so form a prime example of how readers of Ulysses often project personal politics onto their interpretations of controversial Jewish issues in the novel. The essay asserts that Ellmann’s adult Jewish identity played into how he shaped these concerns in the original and revised editions of the biography and demonstrates how his conclusions were influenced in the revision by his dialogue with Hyman. To aid in this argument, the article offers biographical research on both figures’ Jewish backgrounds and careers as scholars and also reviews Ellmann’s sources in his quest to learn about Joyce’s contact with Jews in Dublin, Trieste, and Zurich. Exploring what the letters imply about the ethno-religious identities of their authors allows an entrance into how Ellmann’s Joyce both expanded, yet limited, our grasp of Ulysses as a historically significant Irish-Jewish novel.

Colonization of Butchers with Livestock‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Reports have documented colonization of swine in Europe, North America and more recently in China with livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). Contamination of pig farmers, veterinarians and abattoir workers with these strains has been observed. However, although contamination levels of 10% of retail pork were reported from the Netherlands and Canada, there are limited data of contamination rates of workers handling raw meat. We investigated the rates of MRSA contamination of local butchers working in wet markets, where recently slaughtered pigs are cut up. Nasal swabs collected from 300 pork butchers at markets throughout Hong Kong were enriched in brain heart infusion broth with 5% salt and cultured on MRSASelect(®) . Isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility testing performed. The presence of mecA was confirmed, SCCmec and spa type determined and relatedness investigated by PFGE. Subjects completed a questionnaire on MRSA carriage risk factors. Seventeen samples (5.6%) yielded MRSA, 15 harbouring SCCmec IVb. Ten strains were t899 (CC9), previously reported from local pig carcasses. Five strains were healthcare associated: SCCmec type II, t701(CC6), colonizing two subjects at the same establishment, and single isolates of t008 (CC8), t002 (CC5) and t123 (CC45). The remaining isolates were t359 (CC97), previously reported from buffaloes, and t375 (CC5), reported from bovine milk. None of these butchers reported recent hospitalization or a healthcare worker in the family. Two had recently received antibiotics, one for a skin infection. Four reported wound infections within the last year. All were exposed to meat for >9 h per day. Carriage of MRSA was higher in butchers than in the general community. Although five strains were probably of healthcare origin, the high incidence of t899 (CC9) suggests that cross-contamination from pork occurs frequently. Washing of hands after touching raw pork is advised.

Characterization and importance of pig breeds in the pork industry of the zone of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso, West Africa)

This study aimed at characterizing and evaluating the importance of pig breeds in the pork industry of the zone of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso, West Africa). Some data of a diagnosis of the pig breeding systems(2003) and other data of a survey about the pig meat supply (2005), were analyzed. The stocktaking shows that the local or indigenous breed is 61%, the Korhogo breed 34%, the Mongrel breed is 4.52% and the LargeWhite breed 0.48%. In the intensive system, only Korhogo breed is raised. In the semi-intensive the Korhogo, followed by the local breed are more raised. In the extensive system, the Local breed, followed by theKorhogo, is more raised. The Korhogo breed was more used in the exchanges of boars in all the systems. Butchers and pork butchers prefer local breed (50%) as well as improved breeds (Korhogo breed, Large White breed and Mongrel breed). Cooks with oven prefer local breed (64.29%) more than improved breeds (35.71%). The uncontrolled exchanges and hazardous crossing between pig’s breeds constitute some risks of either the extinction of the local breed, or the problem of consanguinity or even the threat for genetic diversity. It is necessary to carry out a genetic characterization of these breeds in order to organize better a more productive and durable management of pig breeds and breeding in the zone of Bobo-Dioulasso.© 2012 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.

Migration, Transfer and Appropriation

Today foreign restaurants and food shops shape the culinary landscape of Britain. While the impact of post-war migration on the traditional eating habits of the British population has received some attention in historical research, the influence of former waves of immigrants has hardly been studied. This paper focuses on the immigration of German pork butchers and their contribution to the development of meat consumption in Britain. By looking at the pattern of migration it will be shown that migrants created geographically widespread networks in Britain. Within these networks they transferred skills, know-how and social capital. Through a complex process of adaptation and appropriation German sausages were incorporated into the British diet. This process involved natives as well as immigrants. The former had to overcome established food habits while the latter had to adapt their recipes to local taste preferences.

Performance and conditions of use of refrigerated display cabinets among producer/vendors of foodstuffs

The current study concerns the temperature of foodstuffs on sale in refrigerated display cabinets in bakeries, pork butcher's/delicatessens and cheese/dairy shops. The authors propose a single criterion to estimate whether storage conditions are satisfactory: foodstuffs must remain at temperatures below or equal to 7 °C to avoid any hazardous bacterial growth. Applying this criterion, 70% of time–temperature profiles are unsatisfactory.Of the main factors responsible for these excess temperatures, the authors distinguished factors related to the refrigerated display itself from factors related to professional practices. The equipment must be properly designed, used and maintained in order to keep foodstuff temperatures within a range geared to food safety needs.

The Pig in Irish Cuisine and Culture

The Pig in Irish Cuisine and Culture

HACCP methodology implementation of meat pâté hazard analysis in pork butchery

This paper sets out a bacterial hazard analysis methodology, based on the ISO 22000 standard, which could be adopted by small food manufacturers. The paper provides a practical example: meat pâté prepared by pork butchers. The results of the hazard analysis showed that many bacterial hazards, particularly Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus could be effectively controlled by good hygiene practices. For three microbial hazards – Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens – specific control measures must be implemented. Hazard analysis provided the necessary basis for a rational choice of these specific control measures.

Asthme allergique à la « fleur de saucisson »

Chronic cough is a common reason for consultation in respiratory medicine. The three most frequent causes of chronic cough are asthma, postnasal drip syndrome or rhinosinusitis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. We describe a case of chronic cough related to occupational asthma with sensitivity to dry sausage mould (Penicillium nalgiovensis) in a worker in a semi-industrial pork butchers. The diagnosis was based on the history of symptoms, positive skin prick-tests, spirometry, a normal pulmonary CT-scan, and a favourable outcome after avoidance of the allergen. It was notified as a case of occupational disease. A diagnosis of asthma should be considered in a worker exposed to dry sausage mould presenting with respiratory symptoms like chronic cough without evidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Skin prick-tests and allergen avoidance are useful in the diagnosis.