Pores Of Carrier Research Articles

A novel solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for improved stability and oral bioavailability of an oily drug, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol

To develop a novel solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for a water-insoluble oily drug, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) with improved stability and oral bioavailability, numerous S-SNEDDS were prepared with surfactant, hydrophilic polymer, antioxidant, and calcium silicate (porous carrier) using the spray-drying method. Their physicochemical properties were evaluated using emulsion droplet size analysis, SEM and PXRD. Moreover, the solubility, dissolution, stability, and pharmacokinetics of the selected S-SNEDDS were assessed compared with the drug and a commercial soft capsule. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with the highest drug solubility were selected as surfactant and hydrophilic polymer, respectively. Among the antioxidants tested, only butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) could completely protect the drug from oxidative degradation. The S-SNEDDS composed of PLAG/SLS/HPMC/BHA/calcium silicate at a weight ratio of 1: 0.25: 0.1: 0.0002: 0.5 provided an emulsion droplet size of less than 300 nm. In this S-SNEDDS, the drug and other ingredients might exist in the pores of carrier and attach onto its surface. It considerably improved the drug stability (about 100 vs. 70%, 60 °C for 5 d) and dissolution (about 80 vs. 20% in 60 min) compared to the commercial soft capsule. Moreover, the S-SNEDDS gave higher AUC, Cmax, and Tmax values than the commercial soft capsule; in particular, the former improved the oral bioavailability of PLAG by about 3-fold. Our results suggested that this S-SNEDDS provided excellent stability and oral bioavailability of PLAG. Thus, this S-SNEDDS would be recommended as a powerful oral drug delivery system for an oily drug, PLAG.

Dissolution enhancement of the poorly soluble drug nifedipine by co-spray drying with microporous zeolite beta

Dissolution enhancement of nifedipine (NIF), a BSC class II drug, was achieved after co-spray drying with zeolite beta (BEA) in two drug to carrier ratios (1: 1, 1: 2). Extraction studies revealed almost 100% encapsulation efficiency. Physisorption studies suggested successful drug incorporation within the carrier's pore network, as well as on its external surface area. A shift of ζ-potential towards less negative values following drug loading indicated possible drug deposition onto zeolite's surface. The physical state of loaded NIF was evaluated by means of FT-IR, DSC and XRD analyses, all corroborating towards drug's significant amorphization.The in vitro dissolution rate of NIF from the co-spray dried formulations was substantially enhanced in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and intestinal fluids (pH 6.8), compared to crystalline drug.Results demonstrated the potential of zeolitic particles for the dissolution enhancement of sparingly soluble drugs, which in turn may increase their oral bioavailability.

Ketoprofen mesoporous silica nanoparticles SBA-15 hard gelatin capsules: preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization

SBA-15 is used to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble ketoprofen (KP) through stabilization of its amorphous state. Additionally, the current work provides a complete in vitro and in vivo study on preformulated KP-SBA-15 sample and formulated KP-SBA-15 in hard gelatin capsule. Loading of KP was done by a novel method called immersion-rotavapor method. KP was quantified by extraction and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterization of the loaded SBA-15 sample was done by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and dissolution profiles. The loaded sample was formulated in hard gelatin capsule. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were carried out on 24 adult male albino rats. TGA and extraction results showed 54.4 wt% of drug incorporated. Characterization of KP-SBA-15 sample confirmed the successful encapsulation of KP into the carrier pores in a molecular amorphous state. Additionally, loading of KP did not affect the mesoporous internal structure. During the first 5 min, the dissolution study showed very high release rates; nearly 50% of KP was released. These results were reflected on the in vivo study resulting in 82% inhibition in edema after 1 h and maximum analgesia after 30 min from the administration of the formulated sample. SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanoparticle proved to be a very promising drug delivery carrier that can be used as a facile way to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Insights into the roles of carrier microstructure in adhesive/carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures: Carrier porosity and fine particle content

To gain insights into complex interactions in carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures, we studied the relationships between the carrier microstructural characteristics and performance. We used mercury intrusion porosimetry to measure the microstructural characteristics and to also derive the air permeability of eight carriers. We evaluated the performances of inhalation mixtures of each of these carriers and fluticasone propionate after aerosolization from an Aerolizer®. We did not observe a simple relationship between the carrier total porosity and the performance. Classification of the porosity according to pore size, however, provided interesting insights. The carrier nanoporosity, which refers to pores smaller than micronized drug particles, has a positive influence on the performance. Nanopores reduce the carrier effective contact area and the magnitude of interparticulate adhesion forces in inhalation mixtures. The carrier microporosity, which refers to pores similar in size to drug particles, also has a positive influence on the performance. During mixing, micropores increase the effectiveness of frictional and press-on forces, which are responsible for breaking up of cohesive drug agglomerates and for distribution of drug particles over the carrier surface. On the other hand, the carrier macroporosity, which refers to pores larger than drug particles, apparently has a negative influence on the performance. This influence is likely mediated via the effects of macropores on the powder bed tensile strength and fluidization behavior. The air permeability better represents these effects. The inhalation mixture performance improved as the carrier air permeability decreased. Interestingly, as the carrier fine particle content increased, the carrier microporosity increased and the carrier air permeability decreased. This proposes a new mechanism for the positive effect of fine excipient materials on the performance of carrier-based inhalation mixtures. Fine excipient materials apparently adhere to the surface of coarse carrier particles creating projections and micropores, which increase the effectiveness of mixing. The data also support the mechanism of powder fluidization enforcement by fine excipient materials. The current study clearly demonstrates that the microporosity and the air permeability are key dry powder inhalation carrier performance determinants. Mercury intrusion porosimetry is a useful tool in the dry powder inhalation field; it successfully allowed resolution of carrier pores which contribute differently to the performance.

Formation of Glass-Ceramic Coatings on Bioinert Substrates

A method has been developed for forming glass-ceramic coatings on bioinert substrates directly from an organic solution, making it possible to create on porous materials thin bioactive layers replicating the form of the carrier pores. The method of obtaining from organic solutions bioglasses with different composition has advantages over the use of water solutions by avoiding fractional crystallization during evaporation and over the sol-gel method by penetrating more easily into the pores in bioinert carriers and forming multilayer coatings.

Effect of impregnation methods on sorbents made from lignite for desulfurization at middle temperature

With lignite after vacuum drying as the raw material, a series of Zn-based sorbents were prepared by static impregnation, ultrasonic-assisted impregnation, bubbling-assisted impregnation and high-pressure impregnation. The physical properties and the desulfurization performances of Zn-based sorbents were studied systematically by XRD, BET, AAS characterization techniques and the fixed-bed desulfurization evaluation apparatus. The sorbents obtained by high-pressure impregnation method have a larger specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter comparing with other methods, which is conducive to the sulfidation reaction of hydrogen sulfide gas in the sorbent. The effects of pressure during the high-pressure impregnation and concentration of Zn(NO3)2 precursor solution on the sorbents properties and desulfurization behavior were investigated. The higher the impregnation pressure and the concentration of impregnation solution are, the greater the amount of the active components are uploaded. However, overhigh impregnation pressure can cause collapse and blocking of the carrier pore. The optimal operating condition of high-pressure impregnation method for preparing the sorbents was the impregnation pressure of 20 atm and the solution concentration of 41%. Under that condition, the sorbent had the best desulfurization ability with a sulfur capacity of 13.94 gS/100 gsorbent and a breakthrough time of 54 h. Its desulfurization precision and efficiency of removing H2S before sorbent breakthrough from the middle temperature gases of 400 °C can reach <5 ppm and >99%, respectively. Sorbents could be regenerated under the condition of 1 vol% O2, 20 vol% H2O, 0.5 vol%NH3, and N2 balance gas. The regenerated sorbent could be used for repeated absorption of H2S with a slight decrease in desulfurization effect.

不同孔径MCFs的制备及其对溶菌酶的吸附性能

以三嵌段共聚物聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯(Pluronic P123)及三甲苯(TMB)为模板剂及扩孔剂，采用微乳液模板法，通过控制TMB与P123的质量比合成了一系列不同孔径的介孔泡沫分子筛(MCFs)，利用TEM、N2吸附等手段对材料进行结构及性能表征。当TMB/P123质量比由0.5增至1.0时，材料的孔径增大，当其继续增至1.5时，孔径变小；溶菌酶吸附性能测试发现，质量比为1.5时合成的MCFs，其吸附速率最快，约1 h达到平衡，且其对酶的固定最牢固，酶不易脱落，吸附量可达到490 mg/g；此外，FT-IR分析发现MCFs吸附对溶菌酶的结构无明显影响。研究结果表明，MCFs合成时的TMB/P123质量比通过影响MCFs孔结构从而对酶吸附性能产生重要的影响；MCFs有望成为优良的酶载体材料。 The mesostructured cellular foams (MCFs) were synthesized using microemulsion templating, in which the nonionic triblock copolymer surfactant Pluronic P123 was served as template and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as organic swelling agent. By controlling the mass ratio of TMB/P123, a series of MCFs with different pore size were prepared, and then the structural and chemical properties of MCFs were characterized by TEM and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the pore size of MCFs increased when the mass ratio of TMB/P123 increased from 0.5 to 1.0, while that of MCFs decreased when the mass ratio continuously increased to 1.5. The MCFs were used as adsorbent for the adsorption of lysozyme. The maximum adsorption rate was obtained on MCFs-1.5 (mass ratio of TMB/P123 was 1.5), meaning that the sample reached equilibrium within 1 h. The immobilization of lysozyme on MCFs-1.5 prevented the leaching of enzyme effectively and the immobilized amount was up to 490 mg/g. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis revealed that the lysozyme adsorbed on MCFs could be held without evident structure changes. This study suggested that enzyme loading efficiency was clearly dependent on the size matching between the enzyme molecules and carrier pores, and the synthesized MCFs could be applied as excellent carriers for enzyme immobilization.

Real-time measurement and modeling of intraparticle pH gradient formation in immobilized cephalosporin C amidase

A new and generic approach of dynamic reaction–diffusion modeling was applied to analyze the catalytic performance of an industrially used cephalosporin C amidase immobilized on a series of insoluble carriers (epoxy-activated Sepabeads) that differed in particle or pore diameter. Enzymatic conversion of cephalosporin C into 7-amino cephalosporanic acid and d-α-amino adipic acid (DAAA) results in net proton release, and this was shown previously to bring about significant internal acidification of the enzyme immobilizates during reaction. In this study, we demonstrate first time model parameter estimation to in situ measured real-time pH data, recorded both inside the enzyme carrier as well as externally in the liquid bulk of a stirred tank reactor. An essential and novel feature of the model was applicability to intraparticle pH data derived from space-averaged opto-chemical measurements. Using model-based estimation, we determined the maximal intrinsic reaction rate of the immobilized amidase completely unmasked from diffusional and carrier acidification effects (vmax,specific) as well as the effective proton diffusion coefficient (Deff, H+). Neither parameter is accessible directly from the experiment. The resulting vmax,specific estimates showed that carrier-bound amidase had lost between 14% and 55% of the free enzyme's activity due to immobilization, depending on the carrier type used. The Deff, H+ estimate (≈1×10−10m2/s) was about one order of magnitude lower than expected for proton diffusion in such porous structures, suggesting a role for co-diffusion of the proton and the corresponding DAAA anion in decreasing the proton diffusivity. The model was validated against independent time-course data sets, and it was shown to give useful prediction of immobilized enzyme effectiveness factors for the applied range of carrier characteristics and enzyme loadings. Simulation was used to characterize the influence of geometrical features of the carrier on distribution of substrate and products in the carrier pore, and it is demonstrated how these intraparticle concentration gradients affect enzyme reactor performance under different process conditions.

Characterizing the effects of VPA, VC and RCCS on rabbit keratocytes onto decellularized bovine cornea.

To investigate the morphological and growth characteristics of rabbit keratocytes when cultured on decellularized cornea under simulate microgravity (SMG) rotary cell culture system (RCCS) and static culture or in plastic culture supplemented with small molecules of valproic acid (VPA) and vitamin C (VC). Bovine corneas were firstly decellularized with Triton X-100 and NH4OH and through short-term freezing process. Then cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to test the effects of VPA and VC on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of rabbit keratocytes. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed that cells were eliminated in the decellularized bovine corneas. The proliferation of cultured keratocytes was promoted by VPA and VC in the cell proliferation assay. VPA and VC moderately decreased the number of apoptotic cells and obviously promoted cell-cycle entrance of keratocytes. Rabbit keratocytes in plastic displayed spindle shape and rare interconnected with or without VPA and VC. Cells revealed dendritic morphology and reticular cellular connections when cultured on the carriers of decellularized corneas supplemented with VPA and VC even in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). When cultured in RCCS supplemented with VPA, VC and 10% FBS, keratocytes displayed round shape with many prominences and were more prone to grow into the pores of carriers with aggregation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis proved that the keratocytes cultured on decellularized bovine cornea under SMG with VPA and VC expressed keratocan and lumican. Keratocytes cultured on plastic expressed lumican but not keratocan. Immunofluorescence identification revealed that cells in all groups were positively immunostained for vimentin. Keratocytes on decellularized bovine cornea under SMG or in static culture were positively immunostained for keratocan and lumican. Thus, we reasonably made a conclusion that the combination of VPA, VC, RCCS and decellularized corneal carriers provide a good condition for keratocytes to well grow. Keratocytes can be manipulated to be aggregates or physiological morphological growth in vitro, which are important for the research of corneal stem cells and corneal tissue engineering.

Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for oral administration of docetaxel

To formulate a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the oral administration of docetaxel as an alternative to commercial docetaxel-loaded injectable products, it was prepared by spray-drying an aqueous solution containing liquid SNEDDS and colloidal silica. Its physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability were investigated compared to a clear docetaxel solution administered intravenously or orally to rats. In the docetaxel-loaded solid SNEDDS prepared with colloidal silica, the liquid SNEDDS composed of Capryol 90, Cremophore EL and Transcutol HP (45/35/20, volume ratio) was absorbed inside the pores of carriers, and docetaxel was present in a changed amorphous state. The solid SNEDDS with 3.3% (w/v) docetaxel produced nanoemulsions, and showed about 12.5% absolute bioavailability in rats. Thus, this solid SNEDDS may be a potential candidate for oral pharmaceutical product with improved oral bioavailability of docetaxel.

Study of the covalently immobilized amyloglucosidase on macroporous polymer by mathematical modeling of the pH optima

BACKGROUND: A totally new approach has been applied for mathematical modeling of the enzyme activity/pH relationship, for quantification and distribution of enzyme activity in and out of carrier pores. This is a very simple and elegant method for determination of the distribution of enzyme molecules on the surface and inside the particles, simply through measurement of enzyme activity at different pH values. RESULTS: Amyloglucosidase (AG) from Aspergillus niger was covalently immobilized onto poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) by the glutaraldehyde and periodate methods. Mathematical modeling of the pH optima for two types of covalently immobilized AG resulted in higher enzyme amounts on the surface within periodate immobilizate (67%) in comparison with glutaraldehyde immobilizate (53%). These values are modified to 64.25% for periodate immobilizate and 49.95% for glutaraldehyde immobilizate when diffusion effects are taken into account. CONCLUSION: The mathematical model applied enabled observation of the difference between the two types of coupling agents and different immobilization procedures throughout quantification of the immobilized enzyme on the matrix surface and inside pores. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

In-situ preparation of supported precious metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by nanoreactor flash pyrolysis

A novel method for loading metal (oxide) nanoparticles on porous carrier materials at high yields was developed. Single-crystalline titania and rhodium nanoparticles were prepared within the mesopores of activated carbon which were used as a kind of nanoreactor. The precursor metal alkoxides were first adsorbed on the carrier. Product metal (oxide) was then formed within the pores of the activated carbon by flash pyrolysis. A high heating rate was applied in order to quickly reach a temperature regime where the reaction rate of the precursor exceeds the rate of its evaporation from the carrier pores. With this method, loading of metal (oxide) nanoparticles on mesoporous carrier materials was achieved at high yields. In case of titania, product loadings were as high as 14 wt.%. For rhodium, product loadings of ca. 3 wt.% were obtained. The TiO 2 nanoparticles formed were spheroidal and almost monodisperse with diameters of 5–8 nm. The particles were single-crystalline of both anatase and rutile phases. Rhodium particles had a somewhat larger size distribution ranging from 4 up to 18 nm. Product formation took place exclusively in the pores of the carrier material, since precursor that was adsorbed on the external surface evaporated instead of reacting. The carrier pore volume was reduced by the product formation merely for pores <4 nm in diameter. Titania nanoparticles were shown to be stabilized against thermally activated migration and sintering. The crystallite size of rhodium particles was effectively controlled by variation of the pyrolysis temperature.

Preparation of nanosized metal (oxides) by gas phase hydrolysis using mesoporous materials as nanoreactors

Immobilized nanosized metal (oxides) on carbonaceous carriers were prepared by hydrolysis under mild conditions by using the carrier pores as a kind of nanoreactor. Metal alkoxide vapor was adsorbed on the carrier and then formed the product upon exposure to water vapor. With this facile method, Titania, Vanadia, Rhodium (oxide), and Platinum (oxide) nanostructures were prepared at high yields, high loadings, and good dispersion in the carrier material. High number concentrations of spheroidal nanoparticles of uniform size (diameter ca. 5 nm) were obtained from less reactive precursors, whereas with highly reactive precursors, such nanoparticles occurred only after subsequent calcination. Nanoparticles appeared to be the thermodynamically stable form of the metal (oxide) produced in the pores. Highly reactive precursors formed metastable seeds, which nucleated and restructured into nanoparticles upon subsequent exposure to heat. The presented method allows for preparation of metal (oxide) nanostructures and effective control of their size and shape.

The influence of Ru and Re admixtures on the size of Co particles in Co/SiO2 catalysts of the fischer-tropsch synthesis

The promotion of Co/SiO2 catalysts with noble metals such as Ru and Re substantially decreased the mean size of Co particles and increased the fraction of superparamagnetic particles. The Langevin function was used to approximate the magnetic field dependence of magnetization. This allowed the size of Co nanoparticles to be estimated. A decrease in the temperature of the reduction of Co/SiO2 in the presence of Ru and Re decreased the probability of the encapsulation of Co particles in carrier pores.

Modeling of the Process of Three-Isotope (H, D, T) Exchange between Hydrogen Gas and Water Vapour on Pt-SDBC Catalyst over a Wide Range of Deuterium Concentration

The large scale studies of Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange (CECE) process in Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute showed a complicated influence of various factors on the process caused by the presence of two simultaneous isotope exchange sub processes: counter-current phase exchange (between liquid water and water vapour) and co-current catalytic exchange (between hydrogen gas and water vapour). A laboratory scale set-up of glass made apparatuses was established in such a way that it allows us to study phase and catalytic exchange apart. A computer model of the set-up has been developed.The catalytic isotope exchange model formulation is presented. A collection of reversible chemical reactions is accompanied by diffusion of the gaseous reactants and reaction products in the pores of catalyst carrier. This has some interesting features that are demonstrated. Thus it was noted that the flow rates ratio (gas to vapour - λ = G/V) as well as the concentrations of reactants exert influence on the process efficiency.

SAXS study of polymer adsorption on porous ZrO2

AbstractThe small‐angle X‐ray scattering method (SAXS) has been used for the analysis of polymer adsorption on porous ZrO2. Particular attention has been paid to the adsorption of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) on the surface of porous ZrO2. It has been established that the SAXS method determines whether the polymer has penetrated the carrier's pores, and that polymers of low molecular weight create a thin transition layer on the surface of ZrO2 (understood in the context of a change in the electron density). The creation of this layer is clearly reflected in the run of SAXS curves (Porod's plot). Ruland–Vonk's method has been used to determine the thickness of the transition layer. The results are consistent with those obtained when the viscosity method was used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

A composite polyaniline-containing silica sorbent for DNA isolation

A composite sorbent based on porous glass beads modified with thin polyaniline coating was prepared by precipitating aniline polymerization in the presence of carrier particles. It was shown that the modification ensures the uniform coating of the inner surface of the carrier pores with the polymer layer approximately 70 A thick. It was shown that the resulting material retains the initial porosity of the carrier and is selective in the separation of nucleic acids and proteins. The polyaniline-coated sorbents were shown to be efficient for both the preparative DNA isolation from bacterial lysates and for analytical purposes, in particular, for studying DNA fragmentation during apoptosis proceeding under UV irradiation of cell lysates of colon carcinoma. The morphological and chromatographic characteristics of the new sorbent were demonstrated to be similar to those of the polyfluorobutadiene sorbent.

Microorganisms immobilized by membrane inclusion: kinetic measurements in a fixed bed bioreactor and oxygen consumption calculations

Cells living in the pores of macroporous carriers can be immobilized by coating the carriers with a porous membrane. To evaluate the performance of cells immobilized with such a technique, a fixed bed bioreactor was used to study the oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by Acetobacter suboxydans. Comparisons were made of immobilized cells to cells living in the pores of a non-coated carrier and to cells living in the absence of a carrier (“submerged cells”). Productivity was similar in all three cultures (4.6–6.3 g sorbose l−1 h−1). Biomass concentration at the outlet was highest for submerged cells (1.3 · 109 cells ml−1) but was equal for coated and non-coated carriers (0.4 · 109 cells ml−1). Examination of the coated carriers under the electron microscope revealed that only a thin layer near the surface was actually colonized by bacteria. Interestingly, when normalized on the basis of volume, sorbitol oxidation in the colonized layer appeared to be about 100-fold faster than in the bulk medium. A model was derived for oxygen relations inside the coated carriers. This model implicates that the inner parts of the carrier are not colonized by bacteria due to oxygen limitation. The findings indicate that coated carriers have potential to catalyze biotransformations at very high rates, and identify oxygen supply and confinement of cells to the carriers as issues that need further attention. The mathematical model for oxygen concentration profiles inside the coated carriers will be useful for designing improved carriers.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF FIVE POROUS SUPPORTS FOR YEAST IMMOBILISATION BY ADSORPTION/ATTACHMENT

Five different porous carriers for brewing yeast immobilisation were compared and evaluated for suitability in a fluidised bed reactor system. Carrier morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, yeast cell load per mass of carrier, minimum fluidisation velocity, and practical aspects of carrier usage were investigated. Electron microscopy revealed both surface attachment and absorption of yeast within carrier pores, depending on the carrier. Carrier pore structure was found to be important: carriers with deep subsurface cavities and narrow pore entrances gave highest levels of yeast immobilisation. The carrier of choice was the smallest diameter porous glass carrier, SIKUG41. SIKUG41 exhibited no practical physical limitations, gave second highest yeast cell loading, and the second lowest minimum fluidisation velocity.

High density cultivation of hybridoma in charged porous carriers

A porous carrier whose surface is charged with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was evaluated for high-density cultivation of immobilized hybridoma cells. The carrier was used either in suspension or in fixed bed. For suspended carriers, the effect of carrier pore size, ion-exchange capacity (IEC), mixing intensity and inoculum concentration on the attachment and growth of HBs MAb-producing hybridoma cells in carrier CELLSNOW EX were studied. The carrier with 100 μm pore size was more efficient than that with 500 μm in supporting cell attachment. In addition, the amount of antibody which was detected by PHA (passive hemagglutination assay) was 4-times higher in 100 μm compared with 500 μm pore size. At low initial cell concentration, 2.8 × 10 5 ml −1, the attached cells did not grow in the first 7 d as indicated by a negligible glucose consumption. However, cell proliferation was observed at high inoculum, 9 × 10 5 ml −1. Hybridoma cells were expected to attach faster to EX with high IEC than with low IEC but results showed no significant difference. A different hybridoma cell line producing monoclonal antibody (MAb) against penicillin-G-amidase was successfully cultivated in an axial-flow fixed bed containing CELLSNOW carriers. The specific glucose uptake rate as an indicator for cell activity was 24-times higher compared with conventional chemostat cultures. The CELLSNOW carrier offers many advantages over other carriers.