Pore Walls Research Articles

Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Versatile Platform for Iron‐Catalyzed sp3 C−H Activation and Cross‐Coupling via Decarboxylative Oxidation

AbstractThis work demonstrates the oxidative cross‐coupling of cinnamic acids with toluene using FeCl3 immobilized on a covalent organic framework (COF) pore wall, resulting in the synthesis of 1,3‐arylpropene derivatives. This iron‐based heterogeneous catalytic system affords the desired products in moderate yields ranging from 51 % to 65 %. Investigations using COFs with varying pore sizes indicate that larger pores facilitate the reaction, suggesting a spatial requirement for this transformation within the catalyst. The correlation between pore size and reaction efficiency provides insights into developing tailored catalysts to match the spatial requirements of the transformation. This version emphasizes the novelty of the study and the synthesis of 1,3‐arylpropene derivatives. It also clarifies that the iron‐based heterogeneous catalytic system is responsible for the reaction. Additionally, it provides a more detailed explanation of the findings regarding pore size and spatial requirements.

Adsorption behavior of CO2/H2S mixtures in calcite slit nanopores for CO2 storage: An insight from molecular perspective

It is acknowledged that injecting CO2 into oil reservoirs and saline aquifers for storage is a practical and affordable method for CO2 sequestration. Most CO2 produced from industrial exhaust contains impurity gases such as H2S that might impact CO2 sequestration due to competitive adsorption. This study makes a commendable effort to explore the adsorption behavior of CO2/H2S mixtures in calcite slit nanopores. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is employed to reveal the adsorption of CO2, H2S as well as their binary mixtures in calcite nanopores. Results show that the increase in pressure and temperature can promote and inhibit the adsorption capacity of CO2 and H2S in calcite nanopores, respectively. CO2 exhibits stronger adsorption on calcite surface than H2S. Electrostatic energy plays the dominating role in the adsorption behavior. Electrostatic energy accounts for 97.11% of the CO2-calcite interaction energy and 56.33% of the H2S-calcite interaction energy at 10 MPa and 323.15 K. The presence of H2S inhibits the CO2 adsorption in calcite nanopores due to competitive adsorption, and a higher mole fraction of H2S leads to less CO2 adsorption. The quantity of CO2 adsorbed is lessened by approximately 33% when the mole fraction of H2S reaches 0.25. CO2 molecules preferentially occupy the regions near the pore wall and H2S molecules tend to reside at the center of nanopore even when the molar ratio of CO2 is low, indicating that CO2 has an adsorption priority on the calcite surface over H2S. In addition, moisture can weaken the adsorption of both CO2 and H2S, while CO2 is more affected. More interestingly, we find that pure CO2 is more suitable to be sequestrated in the shallower formations, i.e., 500–1500 m, whereas CO2 with H2S impurity should be settled in the deeper reservoirs.

Stress-Relief Engineering in a N-Doped C-Modified Hierarchical Nanoporous Si Anode with a Microcurved Pore Wall Structure for Enhanced Lithium Storage.

The commercialization of alloy-type anodes has been hindered by rapid capacity degradation due to volume fluctuations. To address this issue, stress-relief engineering is proposed for Si anodes that combines hierarchical nanoporous structures and modified layers, inspired by the phenomenon in which structures with continuous changes in curvature can reduce stress concentration. The N-doped C-modified hierarchical nanoporous Si anode with a microcurved pore wall (N-C@m-HNP Si) is prepared from inexpensive Mg-55Si alloys using a simple chemical etching and heat treatment process. When used as the anode for lithium-ion batteries, the N-C@m-HNP Si anode exhibits initial charge/discharge specific capacities of 1092.93 and 2636.32 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 3579 mA g-1), respectively, and a stable reversible specific capacity of 1071.84 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles. The synergy of the hierarchical porous structure with a microcurved pore wall and the N-doped C-modified layer effectively improves the electrochemical performance of N-C@m-HNP Si, and the effectiveness of stress-relief engineering is quantitatively analyzed through the theory of elastic bending of thin plates. Moreover, the formation process of Li15Si4 crystals, which causes substantial mechanical stress, is investigated using first-principles molecular dynamic simulations to reveal their tendency to occur at different scales. The results demonstrate that the hierarchical nanoporous structure helps to inhibit the transformation of amorphous LixSi into metastable Li15Si4 crystals during lithiation.

Influence of tool-edge radius on the nano-cutting process of non-continuous surfaces in single-crystal silicon

Pore deformation and damage are caused by the compression of the cutting tool during the machining of porous materials. Tool-edge radius is a key factor in the nano-cutting of pores and significantly influences the resulting deformation and damage. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate nano-cutting process of the non-continuous surface in single-crystal silicon. Surface morphology, pore wall deformation, cutting forces, and subsurface damage were calculated and discussed under different tool-edge radii. The results indicated that the change of the tool-edge radius greatly affect the machining quality of non-continuous surface. Cutting forces and accumulated material above the pores increase with increasing tool-edge radius, and the side of the tool entering the pore is more susceptible to damage than the opposite side. Additionally, normal force was identified as the primary cause of damage on the side of the tool entering the pore. The longitudinal damage depth on the side of the tool entering the pore increases with the tool-edge radius. Comprehensive analysis of material distribution, pore wall deformation and damage indicates that a smaller tool-edge radius is more conducive to pore processing.

Hydrogen Adsorption in Porous Geological Materials: A Review

The paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively review the current knowledge in the field of porous geological materials for hydrogen adsorption. It focuses on detailed analyses of the adsorption characteristics of hydrogen in clay minerals, shale, and coal, considering the effect of factors such as pore structure and competitive adsorption with multiple gases. The fundamental principles underlying physically controlled hydrogen storage mechanisms in these porous matrices are explored. The findings show that the adsorption of hydrogen in clay minerals, shale, and coal is predominantly governed by physical adsorption that follows the Langmuir adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. The presence of carbon dioxide and methane affects the adsorption of hydrogen. Pore characteristics—including specific surface area, micropore volume, and pore size—in clay minerals, shale, and coal are crucial factors that influence the adsorption capacity of hydrogen. Micropores play a significant role, allowing hydrogen molecules to interact with multiple pore walls, leading to increased adsorption enthalpy. This comprehensive review provides insights into the hydrogen storage potential of porous geological materials, laying the groundwork for further research and the development of efficient and sustainable hydrogen storage solutions.

Alumina Incorporation in Self-Supported Poly(ethylenimine) Sorbents for Direct Air Capture.

Self-supported branched poly(ethylenimine) scaffolds with ordered macropores are synthesized with and without Al2O3 powder additive by cross-linking poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) at -196 °C. The scaffolds' CO2 uptake performance is compared with a conventional sorbent, i.e., PEI impregnated on an Al2O3 support. PEI scaffolds with Al2O3 additive show narrow pore size distribution and thinner pore walls than alumina-free materials, facilitating higher CO2 uptake at conditions relevant to direct air capture. The PEI scaffold containing 6.5 wt % Al2O3 had the highest CO2 uptake of 1.23 mmol/g of sorbent under 50% RH 400 ppm of CO2 conditions. In situ DRIFT spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption experiments show a significant CO2 uptake contribution via physisorption as well as carbamic acid formation, with lower CO2 binding energies in PEI scaffolds relative to conventional PEI sorbents, likely a result of a lower population of primary amines due to the amine cross-linking reactions during scaffold synthesis. The PEI scaffold containing 6.5 wt % Al2O3 is estimated to have the lowest desorption energy penalty under humid conditions, 4.6 GJ/tCO2, among the sorbents studied.

Diameter dependence of transport through nuclear pore complex mimics studied using optical nanopores

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates the selective transport of large biomolecules through the nuclear envelope. As a model system for nuclear transport, we construct NPC mimics by functionalizing the pore walls of freestanding palladium zero-mode waveguides with the FG-nucleoporin Nsp1. This approach enables the measurement of single-molecule translocations through individual pores using optical detection. We probe the selectivity of Nsp1-coated pores by quantitatively comparing the translocation rates of the nuclear transport receptor Kap95 to the inert probe BSA over a wide range of pore sizes from 35 nm to 160 nm. Pores below 55 ± 5 nm show significant selectivity that gradually decreases for larger pores. This finding is corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the Nsp1 mesh within the pore, which suggest that leakage of BSA occurs by diffusion through transient openings within the dynamic mesh. Furthermore, we experimentally observe a modulation of the BSA permeation when varying the concentration of Kap95. The results demonstrate the potential of single-molecule fluorescence measurements on biomimetic NPCs to elucidate the principles of nuclear transport.

Diameter dependence of transport through nuclear pore complex mimics studied using optical nanopores.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates the selective transport of large biomolecules through the nuclear envelope. As a model system for nuclear transport, we construct NPC mimics by functionalizing the pore walls of freestanding palladium zero-mode waveguides with the FG-nucleoporin Nsp1. This approach enables the measurement of single-molecule translocations through individual pores using optical detection. We probe the selectivity of Nsp1-coated pores by quantitatively comparing the translocation rates of the nuclear transport receptor Kap95 to the inert probe BSA over a wide range of pore sizes from 35 nm to 160 nm. Pores below 55 ± 5 nm show significant selectivity that gradually decreases for larger pores. This finding is corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the Nsp1 mesh within the pore, which suggest that leakage of BSA occurs by diffusion through transient openings within the dynamic mesh. Furthermore, we experimentally observe a modulation of the BSA permeation when varying the concentration of Kap95. The results demonstrate the potential of single-molecule fluorescence measurements on biomimetic NPCs to elucidate the principles of nuclear transport.

Al2O3 Thin Layer Formed inside Porous Membrane Using Spray Synthesis Method and Its Application

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films have been investigated for use in various applications, and numerous deposition techniques have been reported. The spray synthesis method has the advantage of forming a thin layer of crystal at low temperatures using the appropriate precursors. A precursor prepared by diluting Methylaluminoxane with N-methyl pyrrolidone was sprayed onto a porous membrane while varying conditions such as the substrate temperature, feeding speed, and spray amount. The solution penetrated the film during spray application, and the ultra-thin layers deposited on the side wall of the internal pores were observed using a cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (XTEM). The lattice image obtained using the TEM and the composition analysis conducted using a scanning TEM and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope suggest that this thin layer is a layer of Al2O3. The formation of Al2O3 occurred at lower temperatures than in previous reports. This is a major advantage for applications with low-melting-point materials. The most suitable spraying conditions were determined based on the state of deposition on the surface and inside the membrane. These conditions were applied to a three-layer separator for lithium-ion batteries and their effect on thermal stability was investigated. Through heating experiments and XRD analysis, it was confirmed that the shrinkage and melting of the separator are suppressed by spraying. This process can be expected to have wide applications in low-melting-point materials such as polyolefin.

Fabrication and properties of hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite scaffolds loaded with periostin for bone regeneration

This paper reports a facile fabrication method of hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CS) composite scaffold with 3D porous structure without using any chemical cross-linkers. The HAp particles had an urchin-like hollow microstructure and high surface area, which was uniformly dispersed into the pore walls of the HAp/CS scaffold. The addition of HAp can efficiently enhance the mechanical properties and bioactivity of the HAp/CS scaffold. Moreover, periostin was successfully loaded onto the HAp/CS scaffold. When applied to the repair of bone defect in a rat mandibular model, the HAp/CS scaffold loaded with periostin can enhance osteointegration and accelerate bone regeneration. Our research combines periostin with the HAp/CS composite material, which provides a novel strategy to improve bone regeneration and has great application prospect in bone repair fields.

Nuclear magnetic resonance study on wettability of shale oil reservoir

In order to identify and evaluate reservoir wettability, so as to select suitable mining methods to improve oil recovery, wettability evaluation through one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology combined with physical simulation experiments was carried out in this study, and the feasibility of the experimental method was verified by contact Angle method. According to the principle of hydrophilic inorganic content and hydrophobic organic content of shale, the wettability can be evaluated through vacuum self-imbibition oil and self-imbibition water physical simulation experiments combined with 1D NMR technology, that is, total water absorption can be considered as inorganic content, organic content can be obtained by subtracting total water absorption from total oil absorption, and adsorbed oil content can be obtained by subtracting pore volume from total oil absorption. In addition to the wettability measurement by contact Angle method to verify the experimental method, the occurrence ratio of adsorbed oil can also be verified twice by 2D NMR spectrum. The results show that the error between the proportion of adsorbed oil measured by 2D NMR spectrum and that measured by self-imbibition method is within 4%. In the saturated oil-bound water state, the bound water is within the relaxation interval of 1<T1<10 ms and 1<T2<10 ms, and the oil signal is within the relaxation interval of T1>10 ms and T2>10 ms. And the relaxation time of aqueous phase moved to the right compared with that in the saturated water state, the interaction force between water and the pore wall was weakened, showing the characteristics of free fluid, and the rock sample became oil-wet, which was consistent with the wettability results measured by contact Angle. Therefore, the wettability of rock samples can be evaluated by 1D NMR technique combined with vacuum imbibition method, or by analyzing the changes of NMR spectra of aqueous phase in completely saturated water and saturated oil-bound water.

Ultrashort Peptide Grafting on Mesoporous Films and Its Impact on Ionic Mesopore Accessibility.

An approach for direct in-pore solid-phase ultrashort peptide synthesis on mesoporous films using the amino acids arginine, leucine, and glycine is presented. Although the number of grafted amino acids remains low, the ionic mesopore accessibility can be gradually adjusted. The addition of arginine in up to five reaction cycles leads to a progressive increase in positive mesopore charge density, which gradually increases the anionic mesopore accessibility at acidic pH. At basic pH, the remaining silanol groups at the pore wall still dominate counter-charged cation mesopore accessibility. Thus, specific peptide sequence design is demonstrated to be a sensitive tool for molecular transport control in nanoscale pores. Overall, the direct in-pore solid-phase ultrashort peptide synthesis on mesoporous films using the sequences of different amino acids opens up exciting opportunities for the development of innovative materials with precisely tailored properties and functions based on specific peptide sequence design.

Phosphorus removal of coal-based bottom ash: Performance evaluation and mechanism exploration

In this paper, the phosphorus removal efficiency and capability and pore structure and composition of coal-based bottom ash before and after phosphorus removal are studied to reveal the phosphorus removal mechanism. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate of bottom ash increases with the increase of pH value; When the pH value is 8, the phosphorus removal rate can reach more than 95%. The highest desorption rate is only 2.42% and the pseudo-second order model can be better fitted with the phosphorus removal process of bottom ash, indicating chemical adsorption is the control mechanism. The maximum phosphorus removal capacity is 5.54 mg/g. After phosphorus removal the fractal dimension and porosity decrease, and the specific surface area increases, indicating that the complexity of the pore structure decreases, and the roughness of the pore wall increases. The characteristic peak of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) in the XRD spectrum and HPO42− at 2362 cm−1, 985 cm−1 and 800-650 cm−1 appear, respectively. In the XRF results, P2O5/SiO2 ratio increases from 0.008 to 0.089, but SO3/SiO2 ratio decreases from 0.047 to 0.027. The phosphorus removal mechanism of coal-based bottom ash lies in its complex pore structure and the precipitation reaction between soluble Ca2+ and HPO4− in the sewage.

Polymeric liquids in mesoporous photonic structures: From precursor film spreading to imbibition dynamics at the nanoscale

Polymers are known to wet nanopores with high surface energy through an atomically thin precursor film followed by slower capillary filling. We present here light interference spectroscopy using a mesoporous membrane-based chip that allows us to observe the dynamics of these phenomena in situ down to the sub-nanometer scale at milli- to microsecond temporal resolution. The device consists of a mesoporous silicon film (average pore size 6 nm) with an integrated photonic crystal, which permits to simultaneously measure the phase shift of thin film interference and the resonance of the photonic crystal upon imbibition. For a styrene dimer, we find a flat fluid front without a precursor film, while the pentamer forms an expanding molecular thin film moving in front of the menisci of the capillary filling. These different behaviors are attributed to a significantly faster pore-surface diffusion compared to the imbibition dynamics for the pentamer and vice versa for the dimer. In addition, both oligomers exhibit anomalously slow imbibition dynamics, which could be explained by apparent viscosities of six and eleven times the bulk value, respectively. However, a more consistent description of the dynamics is achieved by a constriction model that emphasizes the increasing importance of local undulations in the pore radius with the molecular size and includes a sub-nanometer hydrodynamic dead, immobile zone at the pore wall but otherwise uses bulk fluid parameters. Overall, our study illustrates that interferometric, opto-fluidic experiments with mesoporous media allow for a remarkably detailed exploration of the nano-rheology of polymeric liquids.

Influence of water coupling coefficient on the blasting effect of red sandstone specimens

This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone. The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave, focusing on the variation in wall pressure of the blasting holes. Using DDNP explosive as the explosive load, blasting tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens with four different water coupling coefficients: 1.20, 1.33, 1.50, and 2.00. The study examines the morphologies of the rock specimens after blasting under these different water coupling coefficients. Additionally, the fractal dimensions of the surface cracks resulting from the blasting were calculated to provide a quantitative evaluation of the extent of rock damage. CT scanning and 3D reconstruction were performed on the post-blasting specimens to visually depict the extent of damage and fractures within the rock. Additionally, the volume fractal dimension and damage degree of the post-blasting specimens are calculated. The findings are then combined with numerical simulation to facilitate auxiliary analysis. The results demonstrate that an increase in the water coupling coefficient leads to a reduction in the peak pressure on the hole wall and the crushing zone, enabling more of the explosion energy to be utilized for crack propagation following the explosion. The specimens exhibited distinct failure patterns, resulting in corresponding changes in fractal dimensions. The simulated pore wall pressure–time curve validated the derived theoretical results, whereas the stress cloud map and explosion energy-time curve demonstrated the buffering effect of the water medium. As the water coupling coefficient increases, the buffering effect of the water medium becomes increasingly prominent.

Monolithic Catalysts Supported by Emulsion-Templated Porous Polydivinylbenzene for Continuous Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol.

A monolithic catalyst was fabricated through an emulsion-templating method, postpolymerization modification, and in situ loading of active constituents. To achieve a high specific surface area, divinylbenzene (DVB) was solely employed as the monomer, while the porous structure was adjusted with the porogen content and the types of initiators. Then, anchor points were introduced on the pore wall through nitration and amination of the polymeric scaffold. Using a controlled "silver mirror reaction", monolithic catalysts were obtained after loading of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which was verified from morphological and crystallinity characteristics. The catalytic performance of the resultant monolithic catalyst was determined with the model reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). In static catalysis, the monolithic catalyst was proved to have a reactively high apparent rate constant and a good reusability. Furthermore, a flow reactor was fabricated with the monolithic catalyst, showing a high efficiency and long-term durability for the continuous reduction of 4-NP. This work broadened the adjustment of porous structures and the subsequent application for emulsion-templated monoliths.

Mesoporous Magnetic/Polymer Hybrid Nanoabsorbent for Rapid and Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater.

As an advanced water purification technology, magnetic nanoabsorbents are highly attractive for their sustainability, robustness, and energy efficiency. However, magnetic responsiveness and high adsorptive capacity are irreconcilable during the design and synthesis of a high-performance magnetic nanoabsorbent. Here, we address this issue by designing a kind of mesoporous magnetic polymer hybrid microspheres, where functional polymers such as polyrhodanine and polypyrrole were attached to the pore walls in the interior of mesoporous Fe3O4 microspheres through in situ polymerization. Due to the integrated large saturation magnetic moment, porous structure, and dense polymer layer, the mesoporous magnetic polymer hybrid microspheres demonstrated fast magnetic responsiveness, excellent recycling performance, and high adsorption capacities toward Pb(II) ions (189 mg g-1) for polyrhodanine and Cr(VI) ions (199 mg g-1) for polypyrrole. Furthermore, their potential application in wastewater treatment was verified by a self-made magnetic separation column, where the designed magnetic nanoabsorbent exhibits significant advantages including rapid separation of heavy metal ions and high outflow. This study provided a promising magnetic polymer hybrid nanoabsorbent for realizing efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Microfluidic study of surfactant flooding of heavy oil in layered porous media containing fractures

AbstractSurfactant injection is a promising method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to its effective micro‐displacement mechanisms. However, understanding the interaction of a surfactant solution with heavy oil in porous media is neither straightforward nor well understood, particularly in heterogeneous systems. By enabling in‐situ real‐time monitoring of flow transport, microfluidic studies have provided novel insights into the underlying multiphase physics of flow at the pore scale. This paper examines the two‐phase displacement efficiency of a new surfactant in layered–fractured porous microfluidic patterns, a topic seldom discussed in the literature. To evaluate the performance of the proposed surfactant, we considered several heterogeneous media with varying layer and fracture geometrical characteristics, quantifying displacement efficiency for each case. Based on the analysis of pore‐scale snapshots, it was inferred that the primary mechanisms responsible for EOR during surfactant flooding into heavy oil include pore wall transportation, emulsifications, the deformation of residual oil, inter‐pore or intra‐pore bridging, and wettability alteration. Macroscopic displacement experiments revealed that the width of the swept area from surfactant injection significantly exceeded that of water injection, resulting in a substantially higher oil recovery. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the direction of fluid flow in relation to fracture orientation plays a critical role in the dynamics of surfactant solution movement and, consequently, the ultimate oil production.

Homoporous membranes of block copolymers: Upscalable preparation by spray coating and performance boosting by quaternization

The remarkable permselectivity of homoporous membranes (HOMEs) confers them with unparalleled advantages in high-precision separation. However, the upscalable fabrication of HOMEs remains a challenging yet crucial task to meet practical demands. Herein, we present a facile and controllable strategy for producing HOMEs through spray coating of block copolymers (BCPs) on macroporous substrates, followed by annealing and selective swelling. By controlling the BCP concentrations and ambient humidity during spray coating, dense BCP layers with adjustable thickness can be formed. The use of suitable pore-filling agents for filling the pores of substrates during spray coating and annealing prevents BCP from penetrating into the substrates. Also, it ensures robust adhesion between the BCP layers and macroporous substrates. Direct spray-coating circumvents the intricate and uncontrollable BCP layer transformation process, thereby enabling the successful fabrication of HOMEs over a large area of 100 cm2. The separation performances of thus-prepared homoporous membranes can be easily regulated by changing the swelling durations. Furthermore, the selective swelling process leads to the enrichment of BCP polarity chains on the surface and pore walls, allowing for further quaternization modification. Consequently, a synchronous promotion in permeability and selectivity of HOMEs is achieved.

Development of Gliadin@AgNPs hybrid nanoparticles as building blocks for constructing antimicrobial protein-based porous materials

The accelerated rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains presents a significant challenge to both global health and the economy. Although silver-based materials have already been successfully developed in dealing with the infections of drug-resistant bacteria, there has been much controversy over the applications of them because the waste silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potentially harmful to humanity and the environment. To address this issue, gliadin@AgNPs hybrid nanoparticles with ultralow minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were designed via growing AgNPs on amphiphilic gliadin molecule, followed by co-assembly-induced nanoencapsulation of AgNPs. The highly monodispersed gliadin nanoparticles (∼120 nm) infused with ultrasmall AgNPs (2–3 nm) were synthesized successfully. This strategy protected AgNPs from aggregation and fast oxidation, exerted programmed release profiles. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrate the hybrids could kill a broad-spectrum bacteria at an ultralow Ag equivalent, with MBCs of 0.0312 and 0.125 μg/mL for E. coli and MRSA, respectively. More importantly, its MBC against E. coli below the safety threshold established by the WHO for drinking water (0.1 ppm). Using the hybrid nanostructure as building blocks, we fabricated unprecedented protein-based antimicrobial porous materials for the first time through Pickering HIPEs templates, which was characterized by the formation of gliadin@AgNPs-decorated nanostructures on the pore wall of porous materials. They have a complex interlaced tubular porous structure with over 96 % porosity, presenting programmed release behavior of Ag+, and were able to inhibit the growth of tested bacteria at concentrations that did not affect the viability of HaCaT human cells, confirming that hierarchical nanomaterials possess valid antibacterial activity within the cellular viability concentration range. Particularly, the antimicrobial protein porous material promoted HaCaT cell adhesion and proliferation within its hierarchical nanostructure. This work provides new insights into the rational design of advanced gliadin@AgNPs as a potent antibacterial nanoplatform with a much smaller environmental impact and health concerns and a building block for constructing protein-based porous materials with outstanding antimicrobial performance and biocompatibility for emerging applications in catalysis, tissue engineering, and environmental engineering.