Porcelain Research Articles

Negotiating Appropriation – Later Safavid Adaptations of Chinese Blue-and-white Porcelain

Negotiating Appropriation – Later Safavid Adaptations of Chinese Blue-and-white Porcelain

Simulated Porcelain Firing of CO-CR Alloy

Simulated Porcelain Firing of CO-CR Alloy

The language of porcelain

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Regional material flow accounts for China: Examining China's natural resource use at the provincial and national level

AbstractOver the last three decades, China has experienced the most dynamic economic development lifting living standards and resulting in fast‐growing use of natural resources. In the past, the focus has been on national MFA accounts which do not do justice to the second largest economy, home to 19% of the world population and having 30% of global material use. In this research, we calculate material extraction for China at the regional level during 1995–2015 using the most recent available statistical data and applying the most up‐to‐date international calculation methods. In particular, we combine a bottom‐up and top‐down approach for constructing the dataset of China's economically used Domestic Extraction (DEU) in an integrated way. This approach also improves the Chinese national material flow accounts and allows us to present a reliable database of DE of materials for China to date. Our new dataset provides the basis for calculating material footprints and environmental impacts of China's regions. The dataset enables us to evaluate regional resource efficiency trends in China. We find that during the past two decades, China's material use has grown strongly from 11.7 billion tonnes in 1995 to 35.4 billion tonnes in 2015. Material use has accelerated between 2000 and 2010 but slowed down between 2010 and 2015 reflecting the economic contraction caused by the Global Financial Crisis which reduced the global demand for China's manufacturing and a reorientation of China's economic policy settings toward quality of growth. Unsurprisingly, different regions play different roles in the supply chain of materials, achieving different economic performances resulting in very diverse material efficiency outcomes. This information is important to allow for a targeted policy approach to increase resource efficiency, reduce environmental impacts of resource use, and grow wellbeing in China with large positive implications for global sustainability. This study provides the basis for the development of relevant resource management policies for different regions in the future.

Mechanism of nanobacteria promoting apoptosis of human gallbladder epithelial cells

Objective To observe the interaction between nanobacteria (NB) and human gallbladder epithelial cells, and explore the possible mechanism of porcelain gallbladder formation. Methods Absorbing bile from porcelain gallbladder and normal gallbladder to culture nanobacteria, the morphology of NB was observed under an electron microscope. Primary cultured human gallbladder epithelial cells were obtained by cutting out some normal gallbladders, and the expression of Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) was detected by immunofluorescence. NB of 1.0 Macfarland (MCF) was induced into human gallbladder epithelial cells at 0, 12, 24, 48 h. Cell damage and apoptosis rate were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit and flow cytometry. Protein expression of B-lymphoma-2 (bcl-2), bcl-2 related X protein (bax), cytochrome C (Cyt-C), and cleaved Caspsae-9 were detected by Western blotting. Results The positive rate of NB in porcelain gallbladder and normal gallbladder bile was 88.9% and 15.0%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.39, P<0.01). Under transmission electron microscopy, NB is round and unequal in size and has a diameter of about 80 nm. Immunofl-uorescence showed that CK19 protein was positive in primary cultured human gallbladder epithelial cells. NB induced human gallbladder epithelial cells at 0, 12, 24, 48 h, cell survival rate decreased significantly at 24, 48 h, the difference was statistically significant (F=305.501, P<0.01), the release of LDH began to increase significantly at 12 h, and the difference was statistically significant (F=5351.109, P<0.05). The apoptosis rate increased significantly at 24 h and 48 h, and the difference was statistically significant (F=597.457, P<0.01). The expression of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased by Western blotting at 24 h and 48 h, and the difference was statistically significant (F=1 336.833, P<0.01). The relative expression of Cty-c was significantly increased at 12, 24, 48 h, and the difference was statistically significant (F=1 422.101, P<0.01). Cleved Caspsae-9 increased significantly at 24 h and 48 h, and the difference was statistically significant (F=2 348.061, P<0.01). Conclusion NB promotes apoptosis of human gallbladder epithelial cells through the mitochondrial pathway, which may be closely related to the formation of porcelain gallbladder. Key words: Nanobacteria; Human gallbladder epithelial cells; Apoptosis; Porcelain gallbladder

Microstructure evolution and physico-mechanical properties of bone china porcelain compositions using two selected kaolinite clays from Nigeria

Abstract The microstructure evolution and physico-mechanical properties of bone china porcelain developed using two selected kaolinite clays from Nigeria were investigated. The prepared bodies were uniaxially pressed, oven dried at 105 °C and sintered at temperatures of 1000 °C and 1200 °C. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructure while physical and mechanical properties were examined following standard procedures. The results showed that higher densification was observed at 1200 °C while water absorption were detected at °C. This superior behavior observed at temperature of 1200 °C can be attributed to maturation phases of Anorthite, Quartz and β-TCP (Tri-calcium phosphate) at the same temperature.

Wear properties of esthetic dental materials against translucent zirconia.

To clarify the influence of translucent tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) on wear properties of esthetic dental materials, two-body wear test was performed using translucent TZP as abrader specimen, and bovine tooth enamel (BTE), two resin composites including hybrid filler (CRH) and nano filler (CRN), two glass ceramics including leucite reinforced feldspar porcelain (POR) and lithium disilicate (LDC), or translucent TZP as substrate specimen. After the wear test, wear volume were determined from substrate specimen and surface roughness were measured from abrader specimen. In addition, Vickers hardness was measured and surface morphologies were observed after wear test using a scanning electron microscope. The wear volume of the esthetic dental material against translucent TZP was greater in glass ceramics (POR, LDC), smaller in resin composite (CRH, CRN) and BTE, and no wear in translucent TZP. Microstructures of the esthetic dental material may play a crucial role for wear behavior against translucent TZP.

Zapomniana wytwórnia porcelany aptecznej – Boguchwała k. Rzeszowa

Zapomniana wytwórnia porcelany aptecznej – Boguchwała k. Rzeszowa

Porcelain plaques: what is your diagnosis

Porcelain plaques: what is your diagnosis

Impact of tooth structure and fatigue cycles on the fracture strength of glass-ceramic onlays in the elderly

Objective To investigate the impact of tooth structure and fatigue cycles on the fracture strength of glass-ceramic onlays for molar restoration in the elderly. Methods A total of 72 extracted molars due to periodontitis from people aged 60 years or over were selected and flattened to different levels of the occlusal surface.The percentage of enamel was calculated.Two groups with different percentages of enamel were selected from 72 molars, one group with(80±10)% enamel or the E group and the other group with (20±10)% enamel or the D group, with 12 samples in each group.IPS e. max CAD discs(diameter=9 mm, thickness=1.3 mm)were cemented to the prepared sample surface by using Variolink N resin cement system.Furthermore, three subgroups were formed randomly from each group(n=4, in each group). Subgroups were treated with 5, 100 000 and 1000 000 fatigue cycles, respectively, with the same load(180 N, 1.5 Hz)in water, following thermal cycling(5~55 ℃ for 1 500 cycles), and then fracture strength was tested. Results The fracture strength was(2 761.8±477.2)N in the E group and(1 100.1±216.9)N in the D group.The two-factor analysis of variance indicated that tooth structure had a significant influence on fracture strength(F=98.51, P 0.05). Enamel percentage had a positive linear correlation with fracture strength(r=0.915, =10.66, P<0.05). Conclusions Enamel percentage has a positive correlation with fracture strength of glass-ceramic onlays.For elderly people who have severe tooth wear, preserving more enamel within the adhesive area can increase the fracture strength of ceramic onlays for an extended period of time. Key words: Dental porcelain; Dental enamel

Combined Transaortic Valve Implantation and off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery in a patient with aortic stenosis, left main disease and «porcelain» aorta: Transaortic Valve Implantation and CABG in a patient with severe aortic stenosis

Conventional aortic valve replacement in patients with porcelain aorta can be technically challenging and is even sometimes seen as contraindication. Trans-aortic valve implantation has been proposed as an alternative to other trancutaneous routes of implantation and is feasible when there is a small healthy area in the right anterolateral aspect of the ascending aorta. Herein we report an interesting case of combined transaortic valve implantation and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, severe ostial left main coronary artery disease and porcelain aorta.

Chinese Porcelain Lacquer Painting Art : Primary Analysis on Convergence of Porcelain Decoration and Raw Lacquer

Chinese Porcelain Lacquer Painting Art : Primary Analysis on Convergence of Porcelain Decoration and Raw Lacquer

Co-Creation with Ceramic Practitioner for Improving the Marketing and Enhancing the Customer Purchase Experiences

Background: As China's porcelain capital, Jingdezhen has had a glorious history of producing ceramics for thousands of years. Nevertheless, the private ceramics sector industry is going through a development bottleneck nowadays. This research aims to utilize service design tools to co-create values with local ceramic practitioners, to improve marketing of ceramics and enhance user`s purchase experiences. Methodology: 1) Devised Likert's 7-point scale by open-ended interview approach to clarify the existing problems to collect quantitative data. 2) Analyzed the collected data by one-way ANOVA to identify the different opinions of 87 interviewed subjects. 3) Employed co-creation method and service design tools to design the online-offline service system. Findings: 1) Through qualitative and quantitative methods identified the target researched group was the young group (age range from 20 to 30). Their insights used to co-create and design an online-offline marketing system in four steps why, what, who and how. 2) Utilizing service design tools to clarify the service contents, main stakeholders, marketing models, touchpoints and how they are connected and interacting. Finally, designing an application to facilitate online purchase to improve user experience.

A New Interpretation of the Paintings on the Joseon Porcelain : the Pictures of the God Mountain in the Sea(海中神山) and the Three-God Mounatin(三神山)

A New Interpretation of the Paintings on the Joseon Porcelain : the Pictures of the God Mountain in the Sea(海中神山) and the Three-God Mounatin(三神山)

Lichen Planopilaris, Dijagnosis and Therapy Challenge - Case Report

Background: Lichen planopilaris is relatively rare inflammatory disorder that results in cicatricial alopecia. It is a rare, cutaneous form of lichen planus which affects hair follicles, most commonly on the scalp area. It is caused by an autoimmune disorder that leads to follicular destruction and permanent hair loss. Case history: We are presenting the case of a patient who is 21 years old and who suffers from cicatricial alopecia and follicular hyperkeratosis of the parietal region of the scalp. Initially, she was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis and has been treated with local corticosteroid therapy for several months by her doctor. She was admitted to the Department of Dermatology with lessions located on the scalp. A clinical examination revealed exudative erythema with prominent circumferential hair follicle openings and the presence of sticky, yellowish crusts and scales whose removal caused bleeding. There were a several locations with significant cicatricial alopecia which look like porcelain. Dermoscopy showed perifollicular squamas. Routine laboratory analyses and immunological analysis were in normal range. Finally, after taking a biopsy and histopathological findings, we have come to a differential diagnosis which may include fibrous and suppurativ follicular disorders, as well as lichen planopilaris. The patient was treated with keratolytic lotions, combination of corticosteroid preparation and salicylic acid applied topicaly, and tacrolimus 1% cream which was used twice per day for several months. This terapy was successful, crusts did not return and progression of the disease was stopped.

Mechanism and Technics to Produce Geographical Indication Products of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain

For over 1400 years, Dapu county, under the jurisdiction of Meizhou city, Guangdong province, one cradleland of the Hakka traditional culture, is renowned for the blue and white porcelain in China. In this work, the mechanism and technics to produce Dapu geographical indication products of blue-and-white porcelains with high quality were studied, based on the distinct characteristics of local resources.

Risk for Malignancy with “Porcelain Gallbladder”

So-called “porcelain gallbladder,” which refers to calcification of the gallbladder (GB) wall, occasionally is found incidentally on abdominal imaging.

Fracture Resistance of Porcelain Laminate Veneers

Gunumuz dis hekimliginde, estetik kaybi olan anterior dislerde uygulanan, guncel, konservatif bir tedavi secenegi olarak lamina veneer restorasyonlar oldukca genis kullanim oranlarina ulasmistir. Dental seramiklerde suregelen gelismeler, klinisyene yuksek estetik ve fonksiyonel ozelliklere sahip porselen veneer restorasyon yapma imkani saglamistir. Uygulanan bu tur restorasyonlarin fonksiyonel yukler karsisinda gosterdikleri direnc restorasyonun basarisini dogrudan etkileyen bir faktordur. Literaturde lamina veneer restorasyonlarin kirilma dayanikliklarinin incelendigi in vitro ve in vivo pek cok calisma mevcuttur.

Clinical effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown on repairing the anterior teeth and its influence on the quality of life of patients

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown for anterior teeth restoration, and its influence on the quality of life. Methods Eighty-four patients with anterior teeth repair[4 cases were lost during the follow-up, and there were 80 cases (106 teeth)] were selected.According to different surgical methods, they were divided into control group(56 teeth) and study group(50 teeth). The control group used Ni Cr alloy porcelain crown, the study group used two zirconia all-ceramic crown.The patients were followed up for 1 year, the repair effect, incidence rate of adverse reactions and quality of life score were compared between the two groups. Results After 1 year of crown restoration, the color, integrity, edge coloring in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P 0.05). The quality of life scores in the study group after repair were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=18.623, 22.389, 20.724, 10.190, all P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown for anterior teeth restoration is better.It can improve the aesthetic effect, safety and quality of life score of patients.It is worthy of popularizing and application in clinic. Key words: Tooth preparation, prosthodontic; Metal ceramic alloys; Dental alloys; Quality of life

Clinical effects of full crown prosthesis on anterior teeth

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of anterior teeth repair of three different restorations made of Co-Cr alloy, Ag-Pd alloy and all-ceramic crowns. Methods 90 cases who needed the both maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth restarations were selected and treated respectively with Co-Cr alloy porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFM)(60 teeth), Ag-Pd alloy PFM (46 teeth)and IPS e. max Press Porcelain full crown (38 teeth). Gingival index was observed before restoration and in 6 and 12 months after restoration. Meanwhile, clinical indicators of two restorations were evaluated as cervical margin's coloration, margin fitness degree, color of restorations, fracture of restorations and contour of restorations, etc. Results The healthy condition of gingiva in groups of Ag-Pd alloy PFM and IPS e. max Press Porcelain full crown were superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM (P<0.05). There was no cervical margin's coloration in groug of all-ceramic PFM. The color and contour of this group was superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM (P<0.05). The significant difference between group of Co-Cr alloy and group of Ag-Pd alloy was cervical margin's coloration and marginal density of the restoration (P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical effects of both groups of Ag-Pd alloy PFM and IPS e. max Press Porcelain full crown is superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM. The IPS e. max Press Porcelain full crown group works best. Key words: CO-Cr alloy PFM; Ag-Pd alloy PFM; IPS e. max Press Porcelain full crown; Anterior teeth