Population Of Bangladesh Research Articles

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among older adults: A comparative analysis of the 6th and 8th national health surveys of Bangladesh.

Hypertension is a major public health concern in low-and middle-income countries. A nationwide Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Development Program in Bangladesh has been shown to be effective in resource-poor settings. This article aims to investigate whether the prevalence and determinants of adult hypertension changed from 2011 to 2018. The determinants of adult hypertension were assessed in 2011 and 2018 data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health surveys. These two surveys included both men and women over the age of 34 years and measured their blood pressure, weight, height, and other covariates. For both surveys, we estimated the age-standard prevalence of hypertension and relative, attributable and mediated risk of determinants of hypertension using hierarchical mixed-effects sequential Poisson regression models. The prevalence of adult hypertension increased by 10.9% from 29.5% in 2011 to 40.4% in 2018. The nationwide awareness program on the Health, Population and Nutrition Sector changed the risks associated with hypertension determinants over the years. During 2011, Socio-economic status (SES) was a major distal determinant of adult hypertension, explaining 21% of population-attributable risk (ART). However, other factors accounted for 90% of risk, mainly by excessive body weight (51%) and awareness of hypertension (39%). In contrast, SES only explained 16% of ART risk, with 97% of the risk mediated by excessive body weight (55%) and awareness of hypertension (41%). The study results highlight that hypertension among older adult was significantly increased over the six-year period. Specially, the socio-economic status, awareness of hypertension and excessive body weight were the significant determinants. Being awareness of hypertension and excessive body weight changed the causal pathways of socio-economic status. The results also highlight the value of studying the effect of non-communicable disease awareness programs to enhance our comprehension of factors influencing health.

Long-term quantification of pre and post-monsoon surface water area of Bangladesh

Since the 1990s, about 70 percent of the world's wetland ecosystem have been lost, despite the acknowledged contribution of surface waters to human well-being. Surface water is a prerequisite for agriculture, fisheries, and other human activities. It also significantly impacts the groundwater reserve, soil conditions, the environment, and the surrounding area's ecology. Bangladesh's population and economic expansion have increased the need for water resources. Therefore, monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water resources is essential. The present study used more than 2700 Landsat scenes from 1990 to 2020 to quantify the total surface water area utilizing the strength of cloud computing in the Google Earth Engine platform. Mann-Kendall trend analysis was performed to understand the trend of the surface water area. In 1990 the total pre-monsoon and post-monsoon surface water areas were 7994.91 km2 and 11453.43 km2 which is 5.38% and 7.71% of the total countries area, respectively. In 2010 and 2020, the water area was 10748.61 km2 (7.24%) and 10313.49 km2 (6.94%), respectively, in the pre-monsoon; and 10794.05 km2 (7.27%) and 15570.36 km2 (10.48%) respectively in the post-monsoon season. The overall change between 2020 and 1990 is 7994.91 km2 (1.89%) in the pre-monsoon season and 4116.93 (2.77%) in the post-monsoon season. The maximum average surface water area in the post-monsoon season was found in Sylhet (22.68%), followed by Khulna (14.52%). Rangpur was found to have the least average surface water area in both seasons (2.85% and 3.57%). Coastal regions showed a significant increasing trend in the surface water area in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. These findings have significant implications for sustainable surface water management decisions, priority interventions, legal frameworks, and public policies to conserve valuable surface water resources in Bangladesh.

Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotics use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Bangladesh

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that requires an understanding of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the KAP regarding antibiotic use and AMR among the general population in Bangladesh. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 656 respondents in Bangladesh. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotics use and AMR were collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and ordered logit regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. ResultsThe study involved participants, with 52.44 % aged 18 to 30, 77.29 % males, and 92.53 % having primary education or higher. Urban residents were 80 %, and students formed the largest occupational group (29.57 %), followed by businessmen (25 %), service holders (24.7 %), housewives (10.52 %), and day laborers (8.84 %). The majority of respondents demonstrated average knowledge (52.29 %), moderate attitudes (67.84 %), and good practices (50.61 %) regarding antibiotic use and AMR. Socioeconomic factors such as education, media exposure, and urban residence significantly (1 % level of significance) influenced KAP. The findings revealed knowledge gaps and misconceptions among the respondents, including incorrect beliefs about antibiotic resistance (42%), and inadequate awareness of the importance of completing full antibiotic courses (54.88 %). ConclusionThis study sheds light on the existing KAP related to antibiotic use and AMR within the general population of Bangladesh. The findings reveal varying levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the participants. The results underscore the importance of addressing knowledge gaps, and misconceptions for awareness building through educational campaigns utilizing social media platforms and newspapers. These insights provide a foundation for informed strategies to ensure the continued efficacy of antibiotics.

Frequency and risk factors stratification of hypertension among the rural population of Bangladesh

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of premature morbidity and mortality in our daily clinical practice. Various studies carried out in the urban settings, but there is scarcity of epidemiological data regarding hypertension among the rural people in Bangladesh. Therefore, this current study has been designed to find out the frequency and risk factors stratification of hypertension among the rural people in Jashore, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 1812 participants above 18 years attending on national hypertensive week of 2019 in Bagherpara and Keshabpur upazila (subdistrict) health complex in Jashore, Bangladesh. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines had been demonstrated to classify hypertension. Results: Out of the total study population, the frequency of hypertension was 20.6% (Grade 1 and Grade 2 hypertensive patients 15.8% and 4.9%, respectively), and high normal blood pressure was 9.0%. The mean age of the study population, Grade 1 hypertensive and Grade 2 hypertensive cohorts were 42 ± 16, 49 ± 15 and 51 ± 14 years, respectively, with a male and female ratio was 1:2. Progressive rise of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed with increasing age. Age (P: <0.001), sex (P: 0.004), occupation (P: <0.001), BMI (P: <0.001), family (P: <0.001) and past history (P: <0.001) of hypertension, sedentary life style (P: 0.004), additional salt intake (P: <0.001) and smoking (P: 0.011) were significantly associated with hypertension following bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age after 50 years (AOR = 1.866, 95% CI: 1.210-2.876), positive past history of hypertension (AOR = 3.493, 95% CI: 2.676-4.558), additional salt intake (AOR = 0.591, 95% CI: 0.453-0.770) and obesity (AOR = 3.389, 95% CI: 1.830-6.274) were significantly associated with developing hypertension. Conclusion: High frequency of hypertension was found among the rural population in Bangladesh where presence with a lot of significantly associated risk factors. The data would be helpful for the health policymakers dealing noncommunicable diseases to reach the sustainable goal and mitigate morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh.

Exploring media consumption and mental health among young adults during the second wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh

BackgroundThis study examined the association between media exposure and mental health during the second wave of lockdown among the general population of Bangladesh. MethodsA total of 449 adult participants were enrolled in the study to evaluate their levels of exposure to total media, electronic media, and social media. Mental health was assessed using a 7-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to explore the relationships between media exposure levels and anxiety. The models included covariates such as sex, daily working hours, health problems, media distraction, and income from social media. ResultsThe results showed that 44.5%, 39.2%, and 16.3% of participants reported low, medium, and high levels of exposure to different media during the COVID-19 period, respectively. Additionally, 96.4%, 2.7%, and 0.9% of participants had low, medium, and high levels of exposure to electronic media, respectively, and 89.1%, 10.5%, and 0.4% of participants had low, medium, and high levels of exposure to social media, respectively. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 25.38% among the respondents. Participants with high levels of total media exposure were significantly more likely to experience anxiety, with an odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI = 1.40–5.14, p < 0.01). Females were 2.26 times more likely to experience anxiety than males (95% CI = 1.37–3.74, p < 0.01), and participants with health problems were also more likely to develop anxiety compared to those who did not. ConclusionOur results show a positive relationship between increased media exposure and anxiety levels, providing useful insights for both academics and public health practitioners.

Association of serum vitamin-D level with renal function in a rural population of Bangladesh

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging global health problem. Recent studies have indicated that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency even in tropical countries is as high as that observed in Western populations. Vitamin D deficiency has high impact on renal disorders which are leading causes of death in humans.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study. According to inclusion criteria of the study total 259 participants were recruited from a rural area, Baidyerbazar union of Narayanganj district. After taking history and clinical examination, relevant investigations were done. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) technology (DiaSorin Inc, Stillwater, MN). Renal functions of the study population were assessed by e-GFR (calculated by CKD-EPI equation), urinary ACR and urine microscopy.&#x0D; Results: In this study out of 259 study subjects on vitamin-D status 6.2%, 33.6% and 60.2% had vitamin-D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency respectively. Among participated female (133) 78.2% had vitamin-D deficiency and among participated male (126) 41.3% had vitamin-D deficiency. Among vitamin-D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency group the mean eGFR was 102.94, 104.87 and 109.33 ml/min/1.73 m2 respectively. The mean uACR level was 6.97, 22.89 and 37.29 mg/gm respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that 93.8% of study population had either vitamin-D insufficiency or deficiency. Vitamin-D deficiency was more prevalent in females than males. Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D level was negatively associated with urinary ACR level.&#x0D; Mugda Med Coll J. 2022; 5(2): 82-87

Evaluation the Modalities of Rheumatoid Arthritis Management by General Practitioners in Bangladesh

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is, therefore, a major concern in public health, requiring an early customized and multidisciplinary therapeutic management. Early diagnosis and treatment are key elements in the management of patients’ conditions. Objective: To assess the Evaluation the modalities of Rheumatoid Arthritis Management by General Practitioners in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting the community of GPs, operating both in the public and in the private sectors in all regions of the Bangladesh Population. The questionnaire was sent between February and June 2022. Confidentiality of participants was strictly maintained. The questionnaire included multiple choices questions and one clinical case closely related to good practice guidelines. With this goal in mind, a survey was conducted among GPs operating both in the public and in the private sectors in Bangladesh. Results: Out of 890 GPs patients selected, 110 GPs responded, representing a participation rate of 24.71%. Returned questions were analyzed, results were expressed as a percentage. Incomplete responses were excluded from the study. 54.1% of GPs worked in the public sector and 45.9% in the private. Mean number of RA patients seen monthly by GPs was 5.75 patients per month. Of all the surveyed GPs, 66.4% had a rheumatologist as a point of contact. With regard to diagnosing RA, half of the GPs were not familiar with the deadline for early diagnosis. One usually initiated corticosteroids at a dose of 15-20 mg / day. For ongoing monitoring f RA activity, 60% of GPs were unaware of DAS28, and 59% did not know the new 2010 diagnostic criteria. For first-line therapy, 42% did not consider Methotrexate as the standard first-line treatment for patients with RA. For 83% of GPs, treatment could be initiated beyond 3 months of the window of opportunity. A substantial majority of them expressed their wish to receive ....

Mental health and suicide risk among homosexual males in Bangladesh.

Homosexual individuals are at high risk of suicide, but there is a shortage of data from developing countries to confirm this. Estimates on mental health and suicide risk among male homosexuals in Bangladesh are needed to generate awareness and to plan services accordingly. We assessed mental health and suicidal behavior of 102 self-identified homosexual males from a community-based organization that works with the sexual minority population. One-third of the participants (32.4%) had experienced attempted suicide, and almost half (47.1%) had a history of suicidal ideation and self-harm (40.2%). Compared to a heterosexual sample, homosexual males had poorer mental health as they scored higher on Beck Hopelessness Scale (Cohen's d = 0.29) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Cohen's d = 0.57). The results revealed positive correlations between self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt scores. Participants with history of suicide attempt, suicide ideation and self-harm reported worse general health, more social dysfunction, and severe depression than those without such history. Suicidality and mental health conditions among homosexual males in Bangladesh have appeared to be alarming. Given the concerns, we offer some recommendations for practitioners and social workers who are serving this population in Bangladesh.

Prevalence and major risk factors of non-communicable diseases: a machine learning based cross-sectional study

The aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of several non-communicable diseases (NCD) and analyze risk factors among adult patients seeking nutritional guidance in Dhaka, Bangladesh.&#x0D; Participants: 146 hospitalized adults of both genders aged 18-93 participated in this cross-sectional research.&#x0D; Methods: We collected the demographic and vital information from 146 hospitalized patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We checked the physical and vital parameters, including blood sugar, serum creatinine, blood pressure, and the presence or absence of major non-communicable diseases. Then we used descriptive statistical approaches to explore the NCDs prevalence based on gender and age group. Afterwards, the relationship between different NCD pairs with their combined effects was analyzed using different hypothesis testing at a 95 % confidence level. Finally, the random forest and XGBoost machine learning algorithms are used to predict the comorbidity among the patients with the underlying responsible factors.&#x0D; Result: Our study observed the relationships between gender, age groups, obesity, and NCDs (DM, CKD, IBS, CVD, CRD, thyroid). The most frequently reported NCD was cardiovascular issues (CVD), which was present in 83.56 % of all participants. CVD was more common in male participants. Consequently, male participants had a higher blood pressure distribution than females. Diabetes mellitus (DM), on the other hand, did not have a gender-based inclination. Both CVD and DM had an age-based progression. Our study showed that chronic respiratory illness was more frequent in middle-aged participants than in younger or elderly individuals. Based on the data, every one in five hospitalized patients was obese. We analyzed the comorbidities and found that 31.5 % of the population has only one NCD, 30.1 % has two NCDs, and 38.3 % has more than two NCDs. Besides, 86.25 % of all diabetic patients had cardiovascular issues. All thyroid patients in our study had CVD. Using a t-test, we found a relationship between CKD and thyroid (p-value 0.061). Males under 35 years have a statistically significant relationship between thyroid and chronic respiratory diseases (p-value 0.018). We also found an association between DM and CKD among patients over 65 (p-value 0.038). Moreover, there has been a statistically significant relationship between CKD and Thyroid (P&lt;0.05) for those below 35 and 35-65. We used a two-way ANOVA test to find the statistically significant interaction of heart issues and chronic respiratory illness in combination with diabetes. The combination of DM and RTI also affected CKD in male patients over 65 years old. Among machine learning algorithms, XGBoost produced the highest accuracy, 69.7 %, in comorbidity detection. Random forest feature importance detected age, weight and waist-hip ratio as the major risk factors behind the comorbidity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence study helps to identify the future risks and most vulnerable groups. By initiating and implementing control plans based on the prevalence study, it is possible to reduce the burden of NCDs on the elderly and middle-aged population of Bangladesh.

Vaccine efficacy of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Does vaccination prevent the pandemic?

We adopted a commonly used epidemiologic model known as Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) by adding a compartment vaccination to locate the COVID-19 hotspot in Bangladesh. Using data from the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), we utilized the Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infectious-Recovered (SVIR) model to assess vaccine efficacy. Vaccination against COVID-19 has begun in industrialized nations and will be completed by early December 2020. Before 2023, mass vaccination for impoverished or low-income nations would be extremely difficult. Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income country, started a statewide COVID- 19 immunization effort in early February 2021. This study aimed to recognize the effectiveness of vaccination on the infected population in Bangladesh. Additionally, the study aimed to create public awareness of the importance of vaccination during a pandemic.&#x0D; GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 43.1 (2023) 045- 062

Establishing a surveillance system on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of key populations (KPs) at risk of compromised outcome of SRHR- A protocol for a mixed-method study.

Key populations (KPs) who are at risk of compromised situation of sexual and reproductive health and rights in Bangladesh constitute including males having sex with males, male sex workers, transgender women (locally known as hijra) and female sex workers. Globally, these key populations experience various sexual and reproductive health and rights burdens and unmet needs for ailments such as sexually transmitted infections including Neisseria Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia Trachomatis and human papillomavirus. Most key population focused interventions around the world, including Bangladesh, primarily address human immune deficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections-related concerns and provide syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections, other sexual and reproductive health and rights issues are remained overlooked that creates a lack of information in the related areas. There is currently no systematic research in Bangladesh that can produce representative data on sexual and reproductive health and rights among key populations, investigates their sexual and reproductive health and rights needs, how their needs evolve, and investigate underlying factors of sexual and reproductive health and rights issues that is crucial for informing more sexual and reproductive health and rights-friendly interventions for key populations. Keeping all these issues in mind, we are proposing to establish a sexual and reproductive health and rights surveillance system for key populations in Bangladesh. The sexual and reproductive health and rights surveillance system will be established in Dhaka for males having sex with males, male sex workers and transgender women, and the other in Jashore for female sex workers. The duration will be for 3 years and data will be collected twice, in year one and year two adopting a mixed method repeated cross-sectional design. All key populations 15 years and above will be sampled. Behavioural data will be collected adopting a face-to-face technique and then biological samples will be collected. Those who will be found positive for human papillomavirus, will be referred to a government hospital for treatment. Free treatment will be provided to those who will be found positive for other sexually transmitted infections. In total, 2,240 key populations will be sampled. Written assent/consent will be taken from everyone. Data will be entered by Epi-Info and analysed by Stata. Report will be produced in every year. This surveillance system will be the first of its kind to systematically assess the situation of sexual and reproductive health and rights among selected key populations in Bangladesh. It is expected that this study will provide insights needed for improving the existing sexual and reproductive health and rights intervention modalities for these vulnerable and marginalized key populations.

Migration and resilience during a global crisis

This study explores the relationship between migration and household resilience during a global crisis that eliminated the option to migrate. We link prior data from four populations in Bangladesh and Nepal to new phone surveys conducted during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. While earnings fell universally, pandemic-induced declines were 14%–25% greater among previously migration-dependent households and urban migrant workers, with household remittance losses far exceeding official statistics. Heightened economic exposure during the pandemic erased prior gains achieved by transnational migrants and caused fourfold greater prevalence of food insecurity among domestic subsistence migrants. Economic distress spilled over onto non-migrants in high-migration villages and labor markets. We show that migration contributed to economic contagion independent of its role in disease transmission. Losing the option to migrate differentially increased the vulnerability of migration-dependent households during a crisis.

Nutritional status of tribal and non-tribal adults in rural Bangladesh: A comparative study.

Nutritional status is an important indicator of health status among adults. However, to date, there exists scanty information on the nutritional status of tribal populations of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional status of tribal (T) and non-tribal (NT) adult people living in the rural area of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 420 (72 T and 348 NT) households were studied. The samples were selected using multistage stratified sampling with proportional allocation. The nutritional status of adults was measured using body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Z-proportional test were utilized for data analysis. The study revealed that 8.3% and 9.2% of T and NT men were suffering from under nutrition respectively, while the corresponding figures in women were 12.5% and 10.1% respectively. Overall, 11.1% and 27.0% men, and 13.9% and 29.3% women T and NT were over-nourished respectively. The rate of over nutrition among T was significantly (p<0.05) higher than NT for both sexes. The mean weight and BMI of the NT men were significantly (p<0.01) higher than T men. The mean weight, height and BMI of NT women were higher (p<0.05) than T women. ANOVA demonstrated that the variation in BMI among education levels of NT men and the variation among occupation for both ethnicities were significant (p<0.01). The variation in BMI among education levels and occupation of T and NT women were significant (p<0.05), moreover ordinal logistic regression model demonstrated that hygienic toilet facilities and father's occupation were predictors of nutritional status. The interaction effects of education and occupation, and education and household monthly income on BMI were significant (p<0.01) for T men and both T and NT women (p<0.05). The prevalence of over-nutrition among NT is higher than T for both sexes. Some socio-economic and demographic factors were found as predictors of malnutrition. At least 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain indicators that are highly related to nutrition, our findings can help Bangladesh Government for achieving SDGs by 2030. Appropriate nutritional intervention and awareness programmes can be initiated by the Government to ameliorate the burden of malnutrition among adults in the country.

First molecular detection of avian polyomavirus from captive psittacine birds in Bangladesh, together with confirmation of beak and feather disease virus co-infection.

Avian polyomavirus (APV) is an emerging pathogen in many parts of the world responsible for causing significant mortality in captive psittacine birds. The virus spreads slowly, and transboundary movement of birds is one of the potential risk factors for the virus introduction in the naïve population. Bangladesh allows the import of birds, however there is currently no surveillance to screen for APV. Since we confirmed beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infection in the captive population in our earlier investigation, we hypothesized that APV may also be circulating in Bangladesh. Feather samples were collected from 100 birds (90 psittacine and 10 non-psittacine). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect viral DNA together with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This first pilot study confirmed the presence (7%, 7/100) of APV in captive psittacine birds of Bangladesh and almost half (4%, 4/100) of the APV positive birds had the BFDV co-infection. All the PCR-positive birds were asymptomatic and found in live bird markets (LBMs). No significant variation was observed in the detection rate considering species (P = 0.94), age (P = 0.39) or sex (P = 0.55) of birds. According to the results of the phylogenetic study, the APV isolates found in Bangladesh appear to be unrelated to isolates from other geographical areas. These findings provide an evidence of APV circulating in Bangladesh, with or without the co-infection of BFDV. Additional studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of APV/BFDV co-infection in the larger population of Bangladesh and in countries where transboundary bird interaction with Bangladesh may be possible.

Vulnerable Populations in Bangladesh: Advantages and Risks of Biometric Big Data

Data requirements are evolving in the development industry as data about deprived and vulnerable people assists development agencies in locating people in dire need of assistance and services. The main objective of this paper was to explore how biometric data sources are used to perform humanitarian actions for vulnerable populations in Bangladesh. This study followed a qualitative approach where content analysis was conducted from secondary data sources. The content analysis identified that biometric data contributes to protecting vulnerable groups, strengthening statistical databases, decreasing aid fraud, and ensuring accountability of humanitarian projects. Despite advantages, biometric data creates risks by affecting privacy, exclusion, reusability and data sharing, weak data protection provisions, and high data management costs. Application of legal and technical safeguards will be an obligation for the concerned authorities of biometric big data to serve the genuine objective of developing the vulnerable group. Conversely, misuse of biometric big data and developed technologies will further deteriorate the conditions of vulnerable people and communities.

P02-048-23 Interventions Focused on Livelihood Training and Food Production Are Associated With Reduced Food Insecurity in the Rohingya Refugee Population in Bangladesh

P02-048-23 Interventions Focused on Livelihood Training and Food Production Are Associated With Reduced Food Insecurity in the Rohingya Refugee Population in Bangladesh

Pattern of Psychiatric Admissions in Private Psychiatric Hospitals in Chattogram

Background: Globally, psychiatric disorders have become an alarming issue. Nowadays, it is highly recognized among the population of Bangladesh. Around 970 million people suffer from various psychiatric disorders and depression is the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide. They immensely contribute to the global burden of diseases. This study determines admission patterns among patients with psychiatric disorders in private psychiatric hospitals in Chattogram. Materials and methods: Between July 2021 and June 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Mononibash (A Specialized Psychiatric Hospital) and Chattogram Manoshik Hospital. Purpose sampling method was used and a total of 150 participants included those aged between 13 to 83 years. A semistructured questionnaire was imposed to obtain socio-demographic and other relevant clinical information from patients and attendants. The diagnosis was based on clinical interviews using the Standardized Diagnostic Statistical Method (DSM-V). Results: Among 150 patients 94 (62.67%) were male and 56 (37.33%) were female. In the age group of 21 to 40 years (60%), psychiatric disorders were highly prevalent. The most common psychiatric disorders were Schizophrenia (53.33%), Bipolar affective disorder (24.67%), Brief psychotic disorder (10%), Major depressive disorder (4%), Personality disorder (3.33%), Conduct disorder (1.33%) and other related disorders (2%). Conclusion: These results can help to improve diagnosis, treatment services, prevention of psychiatric disorders, and mental health promotion. Well-designed epidemiological and clinical research is needed to improve and ensure comprehensive healthcare delivery for psychiatric patients. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 38-41

Salt intake knowledge, attitude and behaviour in a rural population of Bangladesh

Abstract not available Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(2): 124-125

Unveiling the powerhouse: Exploring the dynamic relationship between globalization, urbanization, and economic growth in Bangladesh through an innovative ARDL approach

Significant changes in the economic landscape of Bangladesh have occurred in recent decades due to variables such as globalization, urbanization, FDI, trade, population dynamics, and their interplay. Effective policies and strategies must be developed with a thorough comprehension of the interconnected dynamics of these factors and their influence on economic expansion. This study investigates the dynamic linkages between globalization, urbanization, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade, population, and economic growth in Bangladesh. The study employs sophisticated econometric techniques to analyze the impact of these variables on the nation's economic landscape from 1991 to 2021. The stability of the dataset is evaluated using stationarity tests including ADF, DF-GLS, and P-P unit root tests. The results indicate a varied order of integration estimation for the investigated variables, necessitating additional investigation. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique is utilized to investigate the long-term relationship between the variables. The results demonstrate a positive and statistically significant relationship between globalization, urbanization, trade, FDI, and economic growth. The significance of external factors and urbanization in propelling Bangladesh's economic growth is highlighted by these findings. Surprisingly, during the examined period, population dynamics had no significant impact on economic growth. This emphasizes the need for policymakers to investigate the intricate relationship between population trends and sustainable economic growth. Using the Ramsey Reset test, Jarque-Bera test, Breush Godfrey LM test, and CUSUM &amp; CUSUM square test, the model's dependability is rigorously evaluated. The results demonstrate the model's robustness and validity, bolstering the veracity of the study's findings. On the basis of the research findings, a number of policy recommendations emerge. To promote economic growth, it is recommended that Bangladesh continue to embrace globalization, encourage FDI, and strengthen international trade relations. In addition, policymakers should prioritize urban development to capitalize on the economic benefits of urbanization. To address population dynamics, a balanced approach is required. To maximize the potential of the young workforce, population control measures should be considered alongside investments in education, skills training, and healthcare.

Health system impact of COVID-19 on selected urban slum population of Bangladesh: A rapid assessment study to support pandemic preparedness

Health system impact of COVID-19 on selected urban slum population of Bangladesh: A rapid assessment study to support pandemic preparedness