This discussion initially notes some leads to the the population education and is then organized around 10 controversial questions that help explain why population education is a somewhat confused area: 1) should population education be linked to environment/ecology; 2) how urgent are population problems; 3) should individual and family implications of family size and shape be included; 4) to what extent should ideas based on value judgments be included; 6) at what grade levels should population education take place; 7) should population education ivolve specific new courses or general permeation of all courses; 8) what is the importance for population education of research on students attitudes toward population education; 9) should population education be started fairly quickly or after time spent in designing and refining strategies; and 10) can population education be of any value and if so what. No reviews of research exist but there are adequate general introductions to population education and its literature and bibliographies. If population education is tied to environmental education it should be on the larger basis of resources and environment as a whole and not on the narrow crusade against pollution. If the moderate views about U.S. population growth become widely known population education may lose some of its support. Population education might theoretically start in the 1st school years and continue throughout with appropriate adaptations to age. There is no research to indicate at what grade levels if any population education would be more effective. The Population Reference Bureau lists 3 alternative strategies to the question of new courses or other strategies: massive reforms of curricula special units for existing courses and permeation of the entire fabric of education with population materials. Discussions of population education frequently take for granted that population education will be helpful. There is no research that supports this view but there are many situations where practical programs cannot wait for research findings.