Profile Of Population Research Articles

THE USE OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS BETWEEN SPACES, IDENTITIES, ATTITUDES, AND COGNITIVE WELL-BEING

The paper explores some links between educational research, the use of cultural and environmental heritage and education, where it is possible to combine knowledge, disciplines, and skills to strengthen the cultural profile of the school population, but also to bring about important changes in attitudes and behavior. The world's cultural and environmental heritage, which collects the traces of extraordinary but also tragic events in human history, can act as a unifying force for peaceful coexistence for the whole of humanity, enabling future citizens to participate in democratic debate and make informed choices about the social challenges they face. It therefore contributes not only to the development of knowledge, but also to the ability of children, young people, and adults to understand contemporary problems by placing them in human, social, environmental, historical, and cultural contexts that help them to live. For cultural heritage to contribute to the recovery of knowledge, researchers, teachers, and operators must be able to share a solid research background that allows them to address the various issues relating to the quality of the experiences of use carried out in school contexts, with the aim of improving the learning processes of users. In fact, the cultural and environmental resources of the territory can only be a real methodological resource for improving cognitive well-being and the overall quality of education at all levels if they are seen as useful tools for different types of learning (cognitive, social, etc.) and not as general educational tools. The paper therefore questions the use of cultural and environmental heritage in education and its adequacy with respect to learning conditions, pausing to consider also the role played by attitudes to fruition, highlighting those elements and dimensions that can contribute to redefining the relationship between education, goods, and environment, in the idea of strengthening interpretative repertoires in educational contexts.

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Universal 8-Week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for Treatment-Naïve Patients from a Nationwide HCV Registry in Taiwan.

Eight-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) is indicated for treatment-naïve (TN) patients with chronic hepatitisC (CHC), with or without compensated cirrhosis. Given that the Taiwanese government is committed to eliminating hepatitisC virus (HCV) by 2025, this study aimed to measure real-world evidence for TN patients using 8-week GLE/PIB in the Taiwan HCV Registry (TACR). The data of patients with CHC treated with 8-week GLE/PIB were retrieved from TACR, a nationwide registry program organized by the Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL). Treatment efficacy, defined as a sustained virologic response at posttreatment week12 (SVR12), was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which excluded patients who were lost to follow-up or lacked SVR12 data. The safety profile of the ITT population was assessed. A total of 7246 (6897 without cirrhosis; 349 with cirrhosis) patients received at least one dose of GLE/PIB (ITT), 7204 of whom had SVR12 data available (mITT). The overall SVR12 rate was 98.9% (7122/7204) among all patients, 98.9% (6780/6856) and 98.3% (342/348) among patients without and with cirrhosis, respectively. For the selected subgroups, which included patients with genotype3 infection, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, people who injected drugs, and those with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, the SVR12 rates were 95.1% (272/286), 98.9% (1084/1096), 99.0% (1171/1183), 97.4% (566/581), and 96.1% (248/258), respectively. Overall, 14.1% (1021/7246) of the patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Twenty-two patients (0.3%) experienced serious AEs, and 15 events (0.2%) resulted in permanent drug discontinuation. Only one event was considered treatment drug related. Eight-week GLE/PIB therapy was effective and well tolerated in all TN patients, regardless of cirrhosis status.

Antigenic distance between primary and secondary dengue infections correlates with disease risk.

Many pathogens continuously change their protein structure in response to immune-driven selection, resulting in weakened protection even in previously exposed individuals. In addition, for some pathogens, such as dengue virus, poorly targeted immunity is associated with increased risk of severe disease through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement. However, it remains unclear whether the antigenic distances between an individual's first infection and subsequent exposures dictate disease risk, explaining the observed large-scale differences in dengue hospitalizations across years. Here, we develop a framework that combines detailed antigenic and genetic characterization of viruses with details on hospitalized cases from 21 years of dengue surveillance in Bangkok, Thailand, to identify the role of the antigenic profile of circulating viruses in determining disease risk. We found that the risk of hospitalization depended on both the specific order of infecting serotypes and the antigenic distance between an individual's primary and secondary infections, with risk maximized at intermediate antigenic distances. These findings suggest that immune imprinting helps determine dengue disease risk and provide a pathway to monitor the changing risk profile of populations and to quantifying risk profiles of candidate vaccines.

Risk and complication profiles of orthogeriatric patients in elective hip and knee joint replacement

The care of geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery is becoming increasingly more important due to demographic trends. Compared to geriatric traumatology, however, there are still no established orthogeriatric care models in Germany and therefore hardly any scientific data. The aim of this study was to describe the risk and complication profiles in older patients with elective hip and knee replacements. In aprospective study data were collected from orthogeriatric patients with indications for elective hip and knee replacement surgery who fulfilled defined inclusion and exclusion criteria between January 2021 and August 2023 in the orthopedic department of aGerman university hospital for the descriptive analysis of risk and complication profiles. In addition to apreoperative and perioperative data analysis, afollow-up was conducted 4-6weeks and 3months postoperatively. The surgical risk profile of the patient population analyzed was characterized by advanced age (78.4 ± 4.8years), preobesity/obesity (76%), multimorbidity (7.4 ± 3.1 comorbidities), polypharmacy (7.5 ± 3.8 medications), immobility (short physical performance battery 7.1 ± 2.6), prefrailty/frailty (87%), frequent anticoagulation (22%) and ahigh number of potentially inappropriate medications (64%). Complication events mainly occurred within the first 7days postoperatively and 90% of the events within this recording period were minor complications. The overall complication rate significantly decreased in the follow-up period. Due to the high risk and complication profiles the routine use of orthogeriatric co-management models for elective orthopedic surgery should be considered in the future.

Mast cells: a novel therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases?

Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells strategically located in different compartments of the normal human heart (the myocardium, pericardium, aortic valve, and close to nerves) as well as in atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiac mast cells produce a broad spectrum of vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators, which have potential roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis. Mast cells release preformed mediators (e.g. histamine, tryptase, and chymase) and de novo synthesized mediators (e.g. cysteinyl leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2), as well as cytokines and chemokines, which can activate different resident immune cells (e.g. macrophages) and structural cells (e.g. fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in the human heart and aorta. The transcriptional profiles of various mast cell populations highlight their potential heterogeneity and distinct gene and proteome expression. Mast cell plasticity and heterogeneity enable these cells the potential for performing different, even opposite, functions in response to changing tissue contexts. Human cardiac mast cells display significant differences compared with mast cells isolated from other organs. These characteristics make cardiac mast cells intriguing, given their dichotomous potential roles of inducing or protecting against cardiovascular diseases. Identification of cardiac mast cell subpopulations represents a prerequisite for understanding their potential multifaceted roles in health and disease. Several new drugs specifically targeting human mast cell activation are under development or in clinical trials. Mast cells and/or their subpopulations can potentially represent novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disorders.

COVID-19 inequalities in England: a mathematical modelling study of transmission risk and clinical vulnerability by socioeconomic status

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major inequalities in infection and disease burden between areas of varying socioeconomic deprivation in many countries, including England. Areas of higher deprivation tend to have a different population structure—generally younger—which can increase viral transmission due to higher contact rates in school-going children and working-age adults. Higher deprivation is also associated with a higher presence of chronic comorbidities, which were convincingly demonstrated to be risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. These two major factors need to be combined to better understand and quantify their relative importance in the observed COVID-19 inequalities.MethodsWe used UK Census data on health status and demography stratified by decile of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), which is a measure of socioeconomic deprivation. We calculated epidemiological impact using an age-stratified COVID-19 transmission model, which incorporated different contact patterns and clinical health profiles by decile. To separate the contribution of each factor, we considered a scenario where the clinical health profile of all deciles was at the level of the least deprived. We also considered the effectiveness of school closures and vaccination of over 65-year-olds in each decile.ResultsIn the modelled epidemics in urban areas, the most deprived decile experienced 9% more infections, 13% more clinical cases, and a 97% larger peak clinical size than the least deprived; we found similar inequalities in rural areas. Twenty-one per cent of clinical cases and 16% of deaths in England observed under the model assumptions would not occur if all deciles experienced the clinical health profile of the least deprived decile. We found that more deaths were prevented in more affluent areas during school closures and vaccination rollouts.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that both clinical and demographic factors synergise to generate health inequalities in COVID-19, that improving the clinical health profile of populations would increase health equity, and that some interventions can increase health inequalities.

Implementatie van de Infectierisicoscan in een ziekenhuisnetwerk door het Hospital Outbreak Support Team

Implementation of the Infection Risk Scan in a hospital network by the Hospital Outbreak Support Team The Infection Risk Scan (IRIS) assesses the quality of infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in a hospital ward by the standardized measurement of a broad range of quality indicators. IRIS was implemented in the geriatric wards of the 4 hospitals of the Plexus healthcare network ‘Oost-Vlaams-Brabant’ (Belgium). The goal was to compare the IPC and AMS policies of the hospitals in order to define common improvement strategies within the Hospital Outbreak Support Team (HOST), a federal project concerning IPC and AMS. In the first part of IRIS, the risk profile of the patient population is determined by a point prevalence measurement of 4 variables. In the second part, the improvement plot is created based on the measurement of 7 quality indicators. Improvement actions can be deduced from quality indicators with higher improvement potentials. The risk profiles of the 4 hospitals were highly comparable and the improvement plots showed an intermediate to high improvement potential for the use of AMT and hand hygiene compliance. There were important differences in the appropriate use of transurethral and intravascular catheters, with 2 hospitals having a low and 2 hospitals having a high improvement potential. IRIS was a useful tool in the early phase of the HOST project to benchmark the IPC and AMT policies between the Plexus hospitals and to decide what future projects could be collaborated on. As a result of IRIS, it was decided to define common care bundles for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract and blood stream infections and to determine hospital-specific actions with regard to the optimisation of AMS.

The protective effect of CALD identity in the presence of low income on missing teeth of Australian adults over time

Background‘Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD)’ populations have diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, societal structures and religions. CALD populations have not experienced the same oral health benefits as non-CALD groups in Australia. However, the socio-demographic profile of Australian CALD populations is changing. This study examined how household income modifies the oral health of CALD and non-CALD adults in Australia.MethodsData were from two National Surveys of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) conducted in 2004-06 (NSAOH 2004-06) and 2017-18 (NSAOH 2017-18). The outcome was self-reported number of missing teeth. CALD status was identified based on English not the primary language spoken at home and country of birth not being Australia. Social disadvantage was defined by total annual household income. Effect-measure modification was used to verify differences on effect sizes per strata of CALD status and household income. The presence of modification was indicated by Relative Excess Risk due to Interactions (RERIs).ResultsA total of 14,123 participants took part in NSAOH 2004-06. The proportion identifying as CALD was 11.7% and 56.7% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.9. A total of 15,731 participants took part in NSAOH 2017-18. The proportion identifying as CALD was 18.5% and 38.0% were in the low-income group, and the mean number of missing teeth was 6.2. In multivariable modelling, the mean ratio (MR) for CALD participants with low household income in 2004-06 was 2% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being − 0.23. Non-CALD participants from lower income households had a higher risk of having a higher number of missing teeth than low income CALD individuals (MR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.57–1.74 vs. MR = 1.43 95%CI 1.34–1.52, respectively). In 2017-18, the MR for CALD participants with low household income was 3% lower than the MR among non-CALD participants with high household income, with the RERI being − 0.11. Low income CALD participants had a lower risk of missing teeth compared to their non-CALD counterparts (MR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.34–1.52 vs. MR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.50–1.64).ConclusionsThe negative RERI values indicate that the effect-measure modification operates in a negative direction, that is, there is a protective element to being CALD among low income groups with respect to mean number of missing teeth.

Cognitive functioning in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Introduction Neuropsychological deficits in areas of Executive Functioning (EF), theory of mind, and central coherence have been well-documented among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, there remains a significant gap in knowledge with regards to neuropsychological profile in adults with ASD. This study aims to investigate the intellectual functioning and neuropsychological profiles of a clinical population of adults with ASD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 40 available autistic individuals referred to an adult developmental disorders clinic at a hospital between 2021 and 2022. All participants were assessed using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Results Individuals with ASD exhibited lower IQ scores across all domains of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, compared to the general population, although the mean IQ scores remained within the normal range. Significant differences were observed in Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Non-Verbal IQ, Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory compared to the general population. Additionally, autistic individuals’ performance on verbal knowledge was higher compared to non-verbal knowledge. No significant correlations were found between the total and subscale scores of verbal and nonverbal IQ and AQ, RAADS-R, and SRS scores. Conclusion Considering the significant impacts of cognitive and executive function on the social and occupational aspects of autistic adults, further investigations in this area are warranted.

Demographic and Health Profile of Tribal Population at Udaipur, Rajasthan: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: India is the second largest home for tribal communities, and they are distributed all over the country.One of the main public health concerns in our nation, which has a vast forest belt and numerous tribes living there, is tribal health and the problems encountered by tribal people.Objective: 1. To determine the Socio - Demographic profile of the tribal population.2. To estimate the health problems of the tribal population.Materials and Methods: The present study was a community based, cross-sectional, multicentric study carried out among tribal populations residing in Iswal, Gogunda, and Losing village from 1st November 2022 to 1st January 2023. House-to-house visits were done to collect socio-demographic data and health check-ups of all family were done to identify the health problems among them.Results: A total of 906 tribal people (160 families) were interviewed. Age ranged between 1 month to 95 years with a mean age of 30.05 ± 19.22 years, the majority were in the age group of 11-30 years. About 51.32% were males and 48.68% were females, and literacy rates were low. About 60.63% of family’s socioeconomic status was class IV and V, Hindu religion (82.45%) was most followed among them, and nuclear family types (45.63%) were more common. Overall housing conditions were good. Most of them had pucca houses (64.3%), consumed purified drinking water (73.1%), had separate kitchens (78.7%), used LPG as the major fuel for cooking (63.1%). While some practiced open-air defecation, and most of them dumped the house-generated waste (garbage) indiscriminately or on the streets 54.3). out of 906 individuals 714 individuals were apparently healthy whereas 192 individuals had certain health problems. Among them respiratory illness was the major problem affecting 52 (28.08 %) individuals followed by sexually transmitted infections 46 (19.86 %). Whereas injuries by wild animals / RTA were the least common health problem encountered among tribals 2(1.04%).

PreventS-MD®: a New Digital Technology to Maintain Cardiovascular Prevention in Routine Clinical Practice

Stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and other main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain major causes of mortality and disability globally. Up to 80% of cardiovascular events and up to 60% of NCDs are associated with potentially controlled risk factors (RFs). State-of-the-art digital technologies can help bridge the gap between evidence-based prevention methods and their critically low availability in routine clinical practice.
 An innovative digital platform named PreventS-MD® is a specially developed tool for healthcare professionals to be used under time constraints. With PreventS-MD®, clinicians can estimate patient's 10-year cardiovascular risk within several minutes. Then, they automatically get adapted results and recommendations to address identified RFs as well as graphical representation of specific RF contribution to overall stroke and MI risks. If some additional time is available, the clinician and the patient can collaboratively set customized achievable goals to correct modifiable RFs. An integrated analytical module provides healthcare managers with current digital risk profiles of the relevant population to evaluate prevention effectiveness and to forecast the load throughout the healthcare levels.
 PreventS-MD® has several unique advantages, including time-saving design, the function to activate motivated RF correction, individually tailored recommendations, and information on personally changed digital profiles of vascular risks. As cardiovascular diseases and main NCDs have a lot of common RFs, PreventS-MD® implemented into routine clinical practice will utilize a complex approach to the prevention of main NCDs, decreasing both stroke and MI burden and addressing complications of chronic pulmonary and kidney disease, tumors of any type, dementia, etc.

Anna Karenina as a promoter of microbial diversity in the cosmopolitan agricultural pest Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Gut microbial communities are critical in determining the evolutive success of fruit fly phytophagous pests (Diptera, Tephritidae), facilitating their adaptation to suboptimal environmental conditions and to plant allelochemical defences. An important source of variation for the microbial diversity of fruit flies is represented by the crop on which larvae are feeding. However, a "crop effect" is not always the main driver of microbial patterns, and it is often observed in combination with other and less obvious processes. In this work, we aim at verifying if environmental stress and, by extension, changing environmental conditions, can promote microbial diversity in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), a cosmopolitan pest of cucurbit crops. With this objective, 16S rRNA metabarcoding was used to test differences in the microbial profiles of wild fly populations in a large experimental setup in Eastern Central Tanzania. The analysis of 2,973 unique ASV, which were assigned to 22 bacterial phyla, 221 families and 590 putative genera, show that microbial α diversity (as estimated by Abundance Coverage Estimator, Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Shannon-Weiner and the Inverse Simpson indexes) as well as β microbial diversity (as estimated by Compositional Data analysis of ASVs and of aggregated genera) significantly change as the species gets closer to its altitudinal limits, in farms where pesticides and agrochemicals are used. Most importantly, the multivariate dispersion of microbial patterns is significantly higher in these stressful environmental conditions thus indicating that Anna Karenina effects contribute to the microbial diversity of Z. cucurbitae. The crop effect was comparably weaker and detected as non-consistent changes across the experimental sites. We speculate that the impressive adaptive potential of polyphagous fruit flies is, at least in part, related to the Anna Karenina principle, which promotes stochastic changes in the microbial diversity of fly populations exposed to suboptimal environmental conditions.

Droplet-based proteomics reveals CD36 as a marker for progenitors in mammary basal epithelium

Deep proteomic profiling of rare cell populations has been constrained by sample input requirements. Here, we present DROPPS (droplet-based one-pot preparation for proteomic samples), an accessible low-input platform that generates high-fidelity proteomic profiles of 100-2,500 cells. By applying DROPPS within the mammary epithelium, we elucidated the connection between mitochondrial activity and clonogenicity, identifying CD36 as a marker of progenitor capacity in the basal cell compartment. We anticipate that DROPPS will accelerate biology-driven proteomic research for a multitude of rare cell populations.

Prevalence of suicidal behavior in bipolar type 1 patients

IntroductionThe prevalence of suicidal behavior in individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder Type 1 is a topic of great concern within the field of psychiatry and mental health research. Bipolar Disorder Type 1 is characterized by extreme mood fluctuations that can contribute to a heightened risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and completions in affected individuals.Objectives-To examine the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of Bipolar Type 1 patients admitted to the “C” psychiatry department at Hedi Chaker Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia.-To identify and understand the factors associated with suicidal behavior in this population. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytic study of hospitalized patients suffering from bipolar disorder type 1 in the psychiatry department “C”, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax Tunisia from 2021 to 2023. Socioeconomic data and clinical profiles of patients were collected from archived files.Results The total number of patients was 98, with an average age of 36.74 ± 12.3 years. The majority were single (67%), living with their families (76.5%), jobless (45.9%), and receiving family support (94.9%). In terms of psychoactive substance use, 81.6% have used tobacco, 46.9% have used alcohol, and 34.7% have used cannabis.Concerning family history, 55% of patients had at least one family member being treated for a mood disorder. Among them, 7.1% had attempted suicide, and 6.1% had died by suicide.Concerning the clinical profile of the study population, 28.6% had a personal somatic history. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder was made at the age of 27.52±8.6 years. 11.2% had a comorbid personality disorder with bipolar disorder.The majority of patients were on antipsychotics (95.9%), 84.7% were using mood stabilizers, 33.7% were prescribed anxiolytics, and only 4.1% were on antidepressants. Treatment compliance was poor in 61.2% of cases and 63.3% of patients had a poor insight.Ten percent of these patients had attempted suicide, 50% during a depressive episode, 50% occurring during a depressive episode, 30% during a manic episode, and 40% of attempts were related to discontinuation of treatment. 3.1% had used hanging, and 3.1% had engaged in voluntary drug ingestion as a method of self-harm. None of the suicide attempts necessitated intensive care hospitalization, but 60% of the individuals were admitted to psychiatric care. There was a statistically significant correlation between suicide attempts and a family history of suicide (p=0.049).ConclusionsBipolar patients face a heightened risk of suicide, which is closely tied to the distinctive attributes of the disorder, including biological factors, thymic decompensation, and psychological aspects. Consequently, managing their condition necessitates a tailored approach, demanding ongoing vigilance for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A machine learning based method for constructing group profiles of university students

This study facilitates university student profiling by constructing a prediction model to forecast the classification of future students participating in a survey, thereby enhancing the utility and effectiveness of the questionnaire approach. In the context of the ongoing digital transformation of campuses, higher education institutions are increasingly prioritizing student educational development. This shift aligns with the maturation of big data technology, prompting scholars to focus on profiling university student education. While earlier research in this area, particularly foreign studies, focus on extracting data from specific learning contexts and often relied on single data sources, our study addresses these limitations. We employ a comprehensive approach, incorporating questionnaire surveys to capture a diverse array of student data. Considering various university student attributes, we create a holistic profile of the student population. Furthermore, we use clustering techniques to develop a categorical prediction model. In our clustering analysis, we employ the K-means algorithm to group student survey data. The results reveal four distinct student profiles: Diligent Learners, Earnest Individuals, Discerning Achievers, and Moral Advocates. These profiles are subsequently used to label student groups. For the classification task, we leverage these labels to establish a prediction model based on the Back Propagation neural network, with the goal of assigning students to their respective groups. Through meticulous model optimization, an impressive classification accuracy of 90.22% is achieved. Our research offers a novel perspective and serves as a valuable methodological reference for university student profiling.

The intensive care population profile in Denmark before and during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; a national register-based study

The intensive care population profile in Denmark before and during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; a national register-based study

Empowerment of transgender people through intervention and food skill training

Gender is a term that is used when referring to social, cultural, and psychological characteristics that affect and pertain to stereotypes, norms, traits, and roles of men and women “Gender diversity exists in every culture and geographic context. Transgender people are people whose gender identity is different from the gender they were thought to be at birth. "Trans" is often used as a shorthand for transgender. Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from the sex they were designed at birth. Aim and Objectives: To empower the transgender through intervention and food processing training. To collect the socio-demographic profile of the transgender population. To provide the entrepreneurship skill training on food processing. To provide the intervention on reproductive health. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 transgender persons were selected by a random method. Variables including age, anthropometric factors, food habits were recorded for each case. The socio-demographic variables, anthropometric, clinical assessment, dietary pattern, and associated factors of transgender are evaluated using an appropriate questionnaire. Statistical comparison of means among different groups was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Before and after without control design was adopted for this study, such as design a single test group or area is selected and the dependent variable is measured before the introduction of the treatment. The treatment is then introduced and the dependent variable is measured again after the treatment has been introduced. And provide skill training on food processing-malted foods, Vegetable preservation, and processing, Bakery products development. Results: There were significant differences in anthropometric factors including height, weight, and BMI among the literacy levels (p<0.01). And acquired knowledge on food processing skills, trained to prepare various food products, empowered to start self-employment, Improvement of transgender population living standard.

Spatial and temporal evolution of habitat quality and its shrinkage effect in shrinking cities: Evidence from Northeast China

Continued population loss in the context of urban shrinkage has led to the transformation and reconfiguration of urban land use space, which in turn has had a major impact on regional habitats and ecosystem services. To explore the status of habitat quality (HQ) in shrinking cities, based on land use data from 2010 to 2020, this study uses the InVEST model to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of HQ in shrinking cities. Then, we reveal the shrinkage effect of HQ in shrinking cities from the perspective of population change rate, and detect the dominant influencing factors of HQ in different types of shrinking cities with the help of geographical detector. The results show that:(1) From 2010 to 2020, the primary land use types in both shrinking and non-shrinking cities of the three northeastern provinces were forestland and cropland. However, there were significant differences in the area of construction land between the two categories of cities. (2) The HQ in both shrinking and non-shrinking cities showed a declining trend, yet the HQ index of shrinking cities was higher than that of non-shrinking cities. (3) The distribution of HQ in shrinking cities has a significant shrinkage effect, and HQ index gradually strengthens as urban shrinkage intensifies. Low-quality habitats have a strong distributional advantage in slightly shrinking cities, while severely shrinking cities tend to be dominated by high-quality habitats. (4) Population profile, economic development, industrial structure and built environment are important factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of HQ in shrinking cities. However, the spatial determinants of HQ vary significantly among different types of shrinking cities in terms of dimensions and indicators, with two-factor interactions exerting a stronger influence than single-factor impacts. Based on the findings of this study, the government can formulate differentiated habitat protection measures, dynamically adjust, and optimize them according to the distribution characteristics of HQ grades in shrinking cities.

On the difficulty of interpreting NO-LIF measurements around 226 nm in confined ammonia flames

This paper addresses how NH3 and NO absorption along the laser axis disrupts NO-LIF measurements made around 225 nm in NH3/O2/N2 premixed flames confined at low pressure (10 kPa). Measurements were performed in 3 flames (equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.87, 1.1 and 1.3) with 24 % N2 dilution. Together with the LIF measurements, single-pass absorption measurements were obtained in all flames as a function of the height above the burner (HAB) and of the wavelength. A significant NH3 absorption of the laser beam is found in the pre-heat zone and flame front of each flame, as well as in the burned gas in the rich flame. In the lean flame, whatever the HAB, an additional significant absorption is due to the NO present in the gas surrounding the flame. Whereas NH3 absorbance only occurs inside the flame under all conditions, NO absorbance is mainly due to the high concentration of NO produced in the lean flame and spread in the entire confined vessel around the flame. From this analysis, relative NO rotational population profiles were recorded by measuring the temporal peak of the LIF signals (prompt-LIF) which were corrected for absorption to account for the available energy at burner's center. NO-LIF thermometry was conducted to determine the temperature in the flames through collecting excitation LIF spectra and performing spectral fitting using a dedicated software (thermo NO-LIF, https://pc2a.univ-lille.fr/thermo-no-lif/). The procedure developed to collect the NO profiles could not be transposed to determine the temperature in the lean flame. Indeed, the attenuation of the laser beam depends on whether the laser is tuned on a “cold” transition (strongly impacted by absorption outside the flame) or on a “hot” transition of NO, little affected. Thus, two tubes (with N2 flushing) were installed inside the vessel along the laser axis and surrounding the flame to suppress the NO absorbance.

Abstract 2566: Molecular characteristic profile in early colorectal cancer with V600E and non-V600E BRAF mutations

Abstract Background: The BRAF V600E mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant indicator of poor prognosis, especially in tumors exhibiting microsatellite instability (MSI). It is more common on the right side of the colon but can occur anywhere within the colon. Although other BRAF mutations existed, current research primarily focused on BRAF V600E. Most clinical data sets were centered on advanced colorectal cancer. There was limited understanding of the molecular characteristics of early-stage colorectal cancer patients with BRAF mutations, which impacted postoperative prognosis management, including refining adjuvant therapy regimens. Therefore, we analyzed the molecular characteristics of early-stage CRC surgical patients. Methods: Tumor tissue from 767 early-stage CRC patients diagnosed between 2021 to 2022 in China were analyzed using NGS (panel on 733 gene) to validate the mutation characteristics. Tumor specimens were tested for the BRAF mutation and MSI status. Result: Among 767 early CRC cases tested, BRAF mutations accounted for 6.52% (50/767), with 62% (31/50) being BRAF V600E, followed by 14% (7/50) for BRAF D594G. Notably, there were two cases of fusion variations, TRIM24-BRAF, and one case of BRAF copy gain. Among the BRAF mutation population, 11 cases were MSI-H, with 8 of them being BRAF V600E/MSI-H. Only one MSH-H patient had a germline mutation in the MLH1 gene, with a concurrent mutation in BRAF K601T.Interestingly, when comparing the mutation profiles of the BRAF V600E population with those of the non-V600E BRAF mutation population, we found distinct co-mutated genes despite both being BRAF mutations. In the BRAF V600E group, the top three frequently mutated genes were TP53 (52%), RNF43 (32%), and SMAD4 (32%). Additionally, the BRAF V600E/MSI-H subgroup presented a distinct mutation profile, with minimal occurrences of TP53 and SMAD4 mutations. In the non-V600E BRAF mutation group, the top three frequently mutated genes were TP53 (84%), APC (63%), and KRAS (32%). Conclusions: In examining the mutation profile characteristics of early colorectal cancer with BRAF mutations, the proportion of BRAF V600E/MSI-H appeared to have been lower than that reported in advanced cases. Furthermore, in terms of the frequency of co-mutated genes, it seemed that BRAF V600E had exhibited a higher malignant driving mutation effect as a single gene, while non-V600E mutations had required more cooperative tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Analyzing the molecular characteristics of early colorectal cancer patients with V600E and non-V600E BRAF mutations could help improve postoperative management and further our understanding of tumor progression. Citation Format: Zhang Quan An. Molecular characteristic profile in early colorectal cancer with V600E and non-V600E BRAF mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2566.