Population Pressure Research Articles

Ancient Maya movement in the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, NW Belize

Population pressure and migration are often central features of many hypotheses related to ancient Maya population declines, abandonment episodes, settlement, and sociopolitical organization. The Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area (RBCMA) in northwest Belize shows archaeological evidence for several depopulation and resettlement events. Working hypotheses for the region suggested that the population resettlement and apex of the Late Classic included high numbers of external immigrants. In this paper, we assess movement across ancient Maya settlements from the RBCMA to gauge whether rates of movement overlap with population fluctuations, as garnered by the archaeological record. We present strontium and oxygen isotope data from the dental enamel of 47 ancient Maya individuals recovered from five sites in the RBCMA. We identified seven individuals as being non-local to the region and show potential short-distance movements, where three individuals were local to the RBCMA but not the site from which they were recovered. Our research suggests that movement into and around the RBCMA was steady through time and indicates that rural spaces experienced more movement than their urban counterparts. This may be related to changing regional sociopolitical issues in more urban areas. These data provide insight into both the consistency of movement for the ancient Maya of northwest Belize and the role political activities may have played in prompting movement to more rural areas.

High-standard farmland destruction monitoring by high-resolution remote sensing methods: a 2017–2018 case study of Hebei and Guangdong, China

Remote sensing has emerged as a new technique for collecting farmland data due to its rapid advancement, rising popularity, and application in social production practice. In order to understand and manage farmland resources in China, it is essential to account for and monitor high-standard farmland and its usage. Therefore, this work used satellite remote sensing empowered with various abilities for monitoring high-standard farmland by employing GF-2 high-resolution satellite images to identify targets and objects in Hebei and Guangdong provinces. Farmland occupation and utilization were analyzed by detecting destructions, underutilization, and overutilization, and converting farmland for other economic activities registered on a special field sheet for quantification. A statistical summary was compiled for the two provinces, and the results reveal that high-standard farmland irregularities were detected in both Hebei and Guangdong provinces. However, in Hebei province, this was due to domestic purposes, such as building home shelters and domestic factories. On a contract, the result shows that in Guangdong province, farmland was being converted for economic purposes on an industrial scale, such as high residential apartment blocks and new industrial zones, and environmental destruction. Furthermore, the results reveal that there is still a steady and continuous decline in arable land due to accelerated industrialization and population pressure, especially in the Guangdong provinces, which is a threat to national food security. The high interpretation accuracy demonstrates that high-resolution remote sensing is an effective farmland monitoring tool that can be used to advance policy formulation.

Patterns and drivers of disturbance in tropical forest reserves of southern Ghana

Ghana has retained a substantial area of tropical forests in an extensive network of protected reserves. These forests are impacted by land uses such as logging, mining, and agriculture as well as wildfires. We studied forest disturbance and recovery from 2013 to 2020 using annual maps of forest cover derived from Landsat imagery. Fire-associated disturbance was distinguished using VIIRS active fire data. We used boosted regression trees to model disturbances in closed and open forests as a function of climate variability, human accessibility, and landscape structure. A total of 3562 km2 of forest reserves were disturbed, of which 17% (615 km2) were fire disturbances and 83% (2946 km2) were non-fire disturbances. Of the total disturbed area, 68% was degradation (change from closed to open forest), 28% was open forest loss, and only 4% was closed forest loss. Over the same period, 2702 km2 of forest reserves recovered, with 1948 km2 of these recovering to closed-canopy forests. Fire disturbances were strongly associated with precipitation anomalies and occurred mostly in drier years, whereas non-fire disturbances had weaker relationships with precipitation. Disturbances in closed forests occurred in landscapes where closed forest cover was already low. In contrast, disturbances in open forests were most common in locations with intermediate levels of population pressure from nearby cities and proximity to non-forest land cover. The results support the idea that forest disturbance in Ghana is a multi-stage process involving degradation of closed forests followed by loss of the resulting open forests. Although non-fire disturbance rates are consistent from year to year, sharp increases in fire disturbance occur in drought years. Locations with the highest disturbance risk are associated with measurable indicators of climate, human pressure, and fragmentation, which can be used to identify these areas for conservation and forest restoration activities.

Population density, urbanisation and agricultural mechanisation in modern Ghana

AbstractFarmers' technological choices take place within farming systems that are shaped by population pressure, connectivity to urban markets and agro‐ecological conditions. The relationship between these drivers and agricultural technology use is ambiguous. On the one hand, population growth can increase the supply of labour, driving down wage rates and reducing the incentives for mechanisation. On the other hand, rural–urban movements of people can reduce rural labour supply while simultaneously driving up the demand for food and hence the demand for mechanisation. Past theories of agricultural mechanisation have explained the low adoption of agricultural machinery in land‐abundant cereal production systems of SSA in terms of these drivers. However, recent empirical observations find extensive adoption of mechanised ploughing technology by small, medium and large‐scale farmers in Ghana. Examining the Ghanaian experience can thus shed new light on theories of mechanisation. A large household survey dataset covering eight districts is combined with geo‐spatial data on population, urban proximity and agro‐ecological factors to consider whether the existing theories are able to explain farm‐level adoption decisions in this context. The analysis finds that a farmer's decision to use agricultural machinery is associated with lower population density and proximity to urban centres. In northern Ghana, these drivers of technological change are as important as farm household characteristics in understanding cross‐sectional patterns of machinery adoption.

The Differential Impact of Immigration on the Welfare State in Times of Population Ageing A Literature Review

Against the background of the declining birth rate and the increasing number of elderly people, the labour market shortage caused by the ageing population puts considerable financial pressure on the welfare state. Previous literature has proposed associated solutions, and opening up immigration policies has received increasing attention as one of the possible approaches. However, there is not enough research to prove how effective immigration actually is in ameliorating the financial pressures of an ageing population on the welfare state. By innovatively introducing the variable of type of welfare state, this paper explores the different preferences of different countries in choosing immigrants as workforces in the face of population ageing. It concludes that immigration has a more pronounced effect on improving the demographics of liberal and conservative welfare states and fills a research gap in the relationship between immigration and the welfare state.

Comparison of High School Learning Environment between China and the UK

The study of learning environments in China and the United Kingdom is a significant thesis in the field of study, and there have been numerous studies, but there have not been many comparisons of the two countries' learning environments. This paper compares the physical, academic, and cultural environments in public high schools in China and the United Kingdom, using comparative data analysis of government official guidelines, information published by both countries' Departments of Education, and a documentary that compares pedagogical practices and student behaviour. After evaluation, there are similarities in the arrangement of campus infrastructure, one final assessment in the national curriculum, and the teacher evaluation process. The differences were concluded with differences in population, government policies, and peer pressure between students and teachers.

Quantifying plastic waste generation in Aizawl city, India: waste management and its impact on human and environmental health.

Plastic wastes in recent years have become a menace owing to population pressure and high demand of various plastic products in daily use. A study was conducted in Aizawl city of northeast India for a period of 3years to quantify various types of plastic wastes. Our study found that a present plastic consumption of 13.06g/capita/day although low when compared to developed countries continues; the generation will be doubled after a decade as the population is projected to double specially due to migration from rural areas. The plastic waste was contributed more by the high-income group of the population with a correlation factor of r = 0.97. Among the total plastic waste, packaging plastics contributed maximum with an average of 52.56% and carry bags among the packaging contribute maximum with 32.55% in the three sectors, namely, residential, commercial, and dumping sites. The result leads to a maximum contribution by the LDPE polymer with 27.46% among seven categories of polymers.

Land Cover Change and Food Security in Central Sumba: Challenges and Opportunities in the Decentralization Era in Indonesia

This study focuses on land cover and land management changes in relation to food security and environmental services in a semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Central Sumba District of ENT province. A classification and regression tree (CART) for land cover classification was analyzed using machine learning techniques through the implementation of the Google Earth Engine. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) survey followed by in-depth interviews was conducted for primary data collection, involving a total of 871 respondents. The socio-economic data were statistically analyzed descriptively using non-parametric tests. The study showed that (1) there has been a substantial change in land use during the devolution era that has both positive and negative implications for food security and environmental services; (2) there has been population pressure in fertile and agricultural land as a direct impact of the development of city infrastructure; and (3) national intervention through the Food Estate program has fostered and shaped land use change and land management in the Central Sumba District. The study highlights the importance of the devolution spirit in aiding the management of limited arable/agricultural land in predominantly semi-arid areas to ensure food security and environmental services.

Taking high-stakes venture to make ends meet? Determinants and impacts of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East

Ethiopia is one of the major origins for international migrants to the Middle East in Africa regardless of the risks and the abuses that migrants face. The study aims to analyse the determinants of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East and its impact on the income of households staying behind particularly in the Dessie Zuria district of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Data were randomly collected from 346 households and analysed using descriptive statistics, logit regression, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) models. The logit regression analysis indicates that bigger family size, network with migrants/returnees, and the presence of peer/family pressure influence the probability of international migration positively. On the contrary, being a male household head, ownership of larger farmland and livestock, and participation in additional non-farm activities determine international migration negatively. The findings from the PSM model revealed that international migration increased the annual income of migrant-sending households by 13,079.51 ETB per year over non-migrant sending households. However, the benefits enjoyed by the families staying behind have been at the expense of migrants, whose income is hard-earned and they often take a risky route to reach the destination regions. The findings call for an integrated policy approach to control population pressure that depletes the key financial and physical assets of households in the origin and thus forces individuals to look for alternative livelihood strategies such as migration. Location-specific policy interventions are needed to create non-farm and alternative livelihoods, improve agricultural productivity, and access information to reduce exaggerated and misleading information about the destination areas.

Potential Land Reserves for Agriculture in Indonesia: Suitability and Legal Aspect Supporting Food Sufficiency

Information on land reserves is crucial and required to support agricultural development in relation to increased population pressure, food demand, and food security. This research aims to identify and evaluate idle abandoned land based on biophysical suitability, status of land concessions, and forest areas to determine potential land reserves for agricultural development to support food security in Indonesia. The results show that, at the national level, the area of suitable abandoned lands for agricultural extensification is 27.7 million ha, but most of these lands have concession permits and are located in forest areas, so 12.4 million ha are still available, with the largest area being in dry land. The identification of abandoned land by employing satellite imagery in 54 districts resulted in a smaller acreage compared to abandoned land being mapped formally at 1:250,000. After considering land ownership and forest status, both sources resulted in similar areas at a scale of 1:50,000 and 1:250,000, i.e., 6.1 million ha and 6.0 million ha, respectively. It seems that land ownership and forest status adjusted the total acreage of identified land reserves at different map scales. An area of around 7.4 million ha will be required to meet food demand in 2045 by assuming constant consumption per capita. We found about 1.7 million ha as potential land reserves, most of which are in conversion or production forests areas. Converting forests or utilizing drylands could be potential alternatives to deal with the lack of land for food production. Moreover, due to limited wetlands, the use of reserve land in that agroecological zone should be in accordance with its designation, comply with the priority principles, and be supported by government regulations and policies, so that food security can be maintained until 2045.

Biodiversity and Functional Attributes of Rhizospheric Microbiomes: Potential Tools for Sustainable Agriculture

The quest for increasing agricultural yield due to increasing population pressure and demands for healthy food has inevitably led to the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. On the contrary, the exposure of the crops to abiotic stress and biotic stress interferes with crop growth further hindering the productivity. Sustainable agricultural practices are of major importance to enhance production and feed the rising population. The use of plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizospheric microbes is emerging as an efficient approach to ameliorate global dependence on chemicals, improve stress tolerance of plants, boost up growth and ensure food security. Rhizosphere associated microbiomes promote the growth by enhancing the uptake of the nutrients, producing plant growth regulators, iron chelating complexes, shaping the root system under stress conditions and decreasing the levels of inhibitory ethylene concentrations and protecting plants from oxidative stress. Plant growth-promoting rhizospheric microbes belong to diverse range of genera including Acinetobacter, Achromobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Trichoderma. Plant growth promoting microbes are an interesting aspect of research for scientific community and a number of formulations of beneficial microbes are also commercially available. Thus, recent progress in our understanding on rhizospheric microbiomes along with their major roles and mechanisms of action under natural and stressful conditions should facilitate their application as a reliable component in the management of sustainable agricultural system. This review highlights the diversity of plant growth promoting rhizospheric microbes, their mechanisms of plant growth promotion, their role under biotic and abiotic stress and status of biofertilizers. The article further focuses on the role of omics approaches in plant growth promoting rhizospheric microbes and draft genome of PGP microbes.

The Influence of Media Campaigns Efforts to Control Population Pressure and Conserve Forestry Resources: A Modeling Study

The Influence of Media Campaigns Efforts to Control Population Pressure and Conserve Forestry Resources: A Modeling Study

Settlement suitability analysis of a riverine floodplain in the perspective of GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis

Riverine floodplains are highly dynamic and the most vulnerable space on Earth particularly in flat alluvial plains of major river systems. Suitable site selection for sustainable human settlements in active floodplain areas is a critical task for decision-makers in terms of quality of lithology, ecologically fragile landmass, climate-induced hazards, immense population pressure, and environmental conservation issues. This research introduces a methodology for settlement suitability zone (SSZ) that employs GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. As a case study, an altered hydrological regime of the lower Ganga riparian zone was chosen to identify the SSZ as these areas are the most susceptible to riverine hazards. Twelve significant variables reflecting on topography, climate, landscape, and environment have been selected in the multi-criteria evaluation platform. The CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is adopted to specify the weights of the criteria and utilize an inverse distance-weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation technique to generate an SSZ map in a GIS environment. The study zone is spatially quantified into five categories, from unsuitable to high-suitable with a natural breaks (Jenks) classification method. Subsequently, the final results are validated through a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve using randomly selected 56 hazard-exposed location points. The outcome revealed that 8.45% of the riparian area falls under unsuitable, 21.87% under low-suitable, and 33.27% under moderate-suitable for locating human settlements. The generally suitable and high-suitable categories account for 36.40% of the total study zone. A spatial sensitivity analysis is also applied to gauge the influence of each parameter on the MCDM outcomes. The SSZ mapping results from this study can help local authorities to plan for sustainable settlement development in environmentally fragile areas.

Training and capacity building of young water professionals—role of an innovative and transformative program for sustainable water futures

AbstractWater management has become quite a complex task because of population pressure, climate change, and urbanization. Future young water professionals (YWPs) need to be capable of working with real‐world situations, and they need to be trained suitably so that they can effectively communicate with decision‐makers and enable innovative ideas to be adopted in policy development and actions on the ground. To get the ideas converted into actions, we need YWPs who are well‐trained not only in water science and engineering but also in social, economic, governance, policy, and other related aspects. Overall, well‐designed transdisciplinary training can help YWPs to bring new thinking and leadership in their workplace, including water governance, stakeholder involvement, critical thinking, problem analysis, and effective communication in various situations. Furthermore, such training can help YWPs develop their vision and capacity for more effective planning, design, implementation, and management of water projects and initiatives. As part of their training, YWPs need to develop their competencies, namely, problem‐solving, transdisciplinary and systemic thinking, and effective communication, through working on real‐world projects of selected clients. The next issue of World Water Policy Journal will be a Special Issue focusing on the work of YWPs involved in two initiatives in South Asia. Activities through the Australia–India Water Centre Program for capacity building for Indian YWPs in Sustainable Water Futures will be one of the initiatives presented.

Evaluation of hypoxia tolerance in F3 hybrids of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala♀) × topmouth culter (Culter alburnus♂)

To compare gill hypoxia adaptation mechanisms, the hypoxia-related physiological indices were measured in F3 self-crossing population of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)♀ × topmouth culter (Culter alburnus)♂ hybrids. The critical oxygen pressure (Pcrit) of F3 population was 28.33 ± 1.58 Torr, which is higher than topmouth culter (21.69 ± 0.85 Torr) and lower than blunt snout bream (33.00 ± 0.97 Torr). Moreover, the lower oxygen tension threshold for loss of equilibrium (LOEcrit) of F3 hybrids was 1.09 mg·L−1 higher than topmouth culter (0.91 mg·L−1) and lower than blunt snout bream (1.30 mg·L−1). These results indicated that the hypoxia tolerance of F3 hybrid fish was significantly higher than that of blunt snout bream. In the hypoxic environment, gill remodeling reactions increased the mass-specific lamellar area. In this study, gill remodeling was observed in blunt snout bream, topmouth culter and F3 hybrids. However, a particularly intriguing finding was that the gill recovery ability of F3 population was better than that of blunt snout bream after reoxygenation treatment. This might be related to the capability of physiological and biochemical regulation and lactic acid excretion of F3 hybrids. Together, these results showed that the F3 population inherited the gill remodeling mechanism of their parents, which had better hypoxia tolerance than blunt snout bream, and they could change the morphology and physiological and biochemical levels of gill tissue to cope with hypoxia.

Nano Fertilizer in Crop Production: The Changing Scenario

While the world's population is growing exponentially, there is an alarming increase in the need for food, which might reach a record nine billion people by 2050. In order to address the issue of rising food demand, a number of initiatives are being put into place to boost crop output and safeguard them against agricultural pests. The growing population pressures agricultural civilization to develop fresh strategies for boosting crop output. For nations all across the world, the issue of poverty and malnutrition has grown to be of great concern. Progress in the agricultural sector, which provides the raw materials for the food and feed industries, is crucial for both economic development and population expansion. With economic development, the soil nutrient balances are differed. Soil fertility is important in developing countries for assisting the economy and agriculture. There is a high demand in the twenty-first century for efficient, reliable, and cost-effective systems for detecting, supplying, monitoring, and diagnosing biological host molecules and nutrients. Traditional farming methods are incapable of keeping up with the rate at which food needs are increasing, so we must rely on and incorporate nanotechnology in agriculture and related sectors. In modern agriculture, increasing agricultural productivity is impossible without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; however, the majority of agrochemicals are not eco-friendly and are thus harmful to human health. Nanotechnology is a novel technique for improved and sustainable agricultural production and also harbours a good capacity to bring novel alterations in the agricultural systems. Nanotechnology introduces new technologies and materials for use in molecular biology for the identification of plant pathogenic microorganisms. By bringing novel methods for distributing nutrients through nano fertilizers, specialized pathogen-targeted treatment, and boosting plant pest-resistance, nanotechnology has the potential to change the agricultural industry. Moreover, it can increase plants' ability to absorb nutrients and to endure environmental stresses. The fertility of the soil is a key factor in helping the economy and agriculture in developing nations. The benefits of strategies using nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture are covered here.

Household food insecurity and associated factors in South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Household food insecurity is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite the presence of various interventions implemented by the government. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the prevalence and responsible factors in Ethiopia, specifically in the South Ari district. This study, therefore, aimed to assess household food insecurity and associated factors in South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 11 to April 11, 2021, at South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 717 households. Data were checked and entered into Epi-Data V3.2., and exported to SPSS V25.0 for data exploration and analysis. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine factors associated with household food insecurity. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was used to check model fitness and was satisfied. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 44.8% (95% CI: 41.1%, 48.5%). Larger family size (8 and above) (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.30), high dependency ratio (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.40), medium dependency ratio (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.62), poor wealth index (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.46), not using agricultural extension service (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.57, 3.23), and non-beneficiary of productive safety net program (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.87) were factors significantly associated with household food insecurity. The findings of this study showed a significant proportion of households were food insecure in South Ari District. Larger family size, high and medium dependency ratio, poor wealth index, not using agricultural extension service, and non-beneficiary of productive safety net program were significant risk factors associated with household food insecurity. Therefore, rigorous work is highly needed to enhance income-generating activities, strengthen agricultural productivity, expand the productive safety net program, and limit population pressure through improved family planning use.

New neighborhood, old habits? Delivery preferences of residents in new development areas and their assessment of alternative parcel logistics concepts: a case study of Berlin

Various alternative solutions for sustainable last-mile parcel deliveries have been piloted and partially put into operation in Europe in the past decade. However, these delivery concepts have mainly been considered in inner-city areas. There are a few examples of the application of these concepts in peripheral urban areas, where new housing is being built to accommodate high population pressure. However, it is unclear whether the delivery preferences of residents in new neighbourhoods differ from those of the population average. This research conducted a case study in the western outskirts of Berlin, examining two newly built neighbourhoods and one existing residential area. Results from three survey waves of residents (N = 645) show that conventional doorstep delivery is preferred by 80% of the respondents. Nonetheless, there is a high willingness to use alternative delivery options, and respondents see benefits in climate-friendly delivery methods. This research also examines the willingness to pay for alternative parcel logistics concepts, which seems to be too low at the moment (at around €1 per shipment) to compensate for the additional costs of an operational change. However, the results also show an increasing awareness of and preferences for new delivery concepts, thus providing practical implications for planners and logistics operators alike.

Use of Conservation Practices among Arable Crop Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Conservation practices are tools used to help conserve and improve natural resources necessary to maintain sustainable arable crop production. This study assessed the extent of use of conservation practices among arable crop farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling procedure was used in selecting 200 arable crop farmers. Data were collected through the use of a structured interview schedule. Percentages and mean statistic were used in presenting the results. Findings showed that the major conservation practices adopted by arable crop farmers were mulching (100%), crop rotation (100%), ridging (100%), bush following (99.0%) and mixed cropping (99.0%). The most frequently utilized conservation practices were ridging (95.0%), mulching (91.0%) and mixed cropping (89.9%). Population pressure on land (𝑥̅=3.77) and availability of funds (𝑥̅=3.74) are factors influencing the effective use of conservation practices. The results further revealed that longterm continuity of yield from land (𝑥̅=2.84), long-term sustainability and productivity of land (𝑥̅=2.76) and increased yields (𝑥̅=2.69) were reasons for conservation practices by arable crop farmers. To ensure improvement in yields, arable crop farmers should be extensively encouraged through access to land and funds to promote the adoption of conservation practices.

Land Use or Land Cover Change and its Driving Forces in Mago National Park, Southern Ethiopia

Land use/land cover change analysis is one of the most particular techniques to understand how land was used in the past, what types of changes are to be expected in the future, as well as the forces and processes behind the changes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the land use land cover changes and its driving forces in Mago National Park, southern Ethiopia. Satellite image of Landsat5 TM (1988, 1998 and 2008) and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS (2018) years were employed. In addition, social survey was conducted to study the drivers of land use/land cover changes. QGIS 3.2 and SPSS software’s were used for satellite image processing, accuracy assessment, map preparation and descriptively analyze the driving forces of LULCC respectively. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted for satellite image analysis and generation of information using Quantum GIS 3.2. In the first period (1988-1998), woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land decreased by 6.76%, 37.98%, 22.37% and 70.14% respectively, while grass land, and degraded land increased by 16.11% and 85.67% respectively. In the second period, (1998 2008), woodland, riverine forest and degraded land were decreased by 5.44%, 4.61% and 80.74% respectively, while grass land, water body and bare land is increased by 14.74%, 3.76% and 52.58% respectively. From 2008-2018 riverine forest, grassland, water body and bare land decreased by 1.33%, 15.16% and 4.82% and 25.02% respectively, while woodland increased by 11.84%, and degraded land increased by 85.49% respectively. Riverine forest, water body, grass land and bare land showed decrement and that of woodland, degraded land indicated increment during study period. From 1988-2018, woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land indicated decrement and the remaining grass land and bare land cover types indicated increment during study period. The result of social survey indicated that expansion of agriculture, human induced fire, overgrazing and hunting are proximate driving forces of the change in Mago National Park. Population pressure, poverty, decreased farmlands productivity, education, weak law enforcement and cultural factors are the major underlying causes of the observed changes. Therefore, proper land use planning, legal support, and strong law enforcement are the key recommendations to sustain natural resources of the study area.