Population In Jordan Research Articles

Mortality among older adults Jordanians with coronary heart disease: Intelligent algorithms prediction

<b>Background and aim: </b>Worldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death. To prevent heart disease and save lives, this study uses a machine learning algorithm (MLA), a subfield of artificial intelligence, to predict death vs. life outcomes among older persons with CHD.<br /> <b>Methods: </b>Large-scale data was retrieved from the electronic health records of 3,331 elderly patients with congestive heart failure retrospectively. Information was gathered on the population in Jordan who were hospitalized in public health hospitals between 2015 and 2021.<br /> <b>Results: </b>Based on the accuracy level (91.4%) and area under the curve (71.7%) of the eight prediction models created, the Chi-square automatic interaction detector algorithm was chosen to predict death versus life among older adults with CHD. The sequence of death prediction algorithms began with the medical diagnosis, location, age, and pulse pressure.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>Attempts should be made to use the expertise of many specialists and clinical screening data gathered from patient databases to speed up the diagnosis process with MLAs, which are thought to be a useful tool for identifying CHD patients who are at high risk of dying.

Demographic and clinical features of rosacea in North Jordan: a 10-year university hospital retrospective study

Background/Objectives This study aims to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of rosacea within the North Jordan population, focusing on Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV. The intent is to address gaps in dermatological research concerning ethnic and racial variations in rosacea’s presentation and impact. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis at the dermatology department of King Abdullah University Hospital, North Jordan, reviewing medical records of patients diagnosed with rosacea from January 2013 to December 2023. Data collection focused on demographics, rosacea subtypes and environmental factors exacerbating the condition. Statistical analysis utilized Jamovi and GraphPad Prism software. Results The study included 610 patients, revealing a rosacea prevalence of 1.5% within the hospital’s catchment area. Most patients were female (84.4%), with a median age of 44. The majority had Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV. The erythematotelangiectatic subtype was most common (73.6%), followed by papulopustular (23.4%) and phymatous (3%). Environmental triggers like sun exposure and temperature changes were nearly universally reported as exacerbating factors. Conclusions Rosacea shows significant gender disparities and is influenced by environmental factors. The study underscores the need for targeted research and treatment strategies that consider ethnic and racial variations, along with gender-specific presentations of the disease.

Enhancing Supportive and Adaptive Environments for Aging Populations in Jordan: Examining Location Dynamics

This study explores home modification and personalization as mechanisms to promote aging in place and independence for older adults in Jordan. Personalization and home modification are important because they help older people age in place and promote independence. Thus, this study investigated elderly adaptability and housing alteration methods in Jordan. As the first study in Jordan, this research examined the meaning of aging and cultural variations in aging in place. The study tested the following hypotheses for different governorates, all showing significant effects: (I) overall, the sense of control is different in different locations, (II) space personalization is different in different locations, (III) home modification is associated with location, (IV) the association between space personalization and overall sense of control varies across locations, and (V) home modification is associated with the overall sense of control differently in different locations. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of regulated and well-organized home care services to ensure seniors can receive the necessary care while remaining in their families and communities. This research offers valuable insights into the cultural variations surrounding visions of aging in place and emphasizes the need for further research.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sedentary behaviour questionnaire among Arabic speaking healthy adults

ABSTRACT Subjective evaluation of sedentary behaviour using questionnaires can be used to measure sedentary time. The Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) is a valid and reliable way to measure sedentary time. Our objectives were to: 1) linguistically and culturally adapt the SBQ to the Arabic-speaking populations; and 2) assess its psychometric properties. The SBQ translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed according to published guidelines. The psychometric properties of the translated version were investigated in a sample of ambulatory healthy adults from the general population in Jordan. The Arabic version of the SBQ was produced (SBQ-Ar) with good face and content validity. In terms of convergent validity, significant Spearman’s correlations were found between weekdays total sedentary hours and item 26 of the Arabic version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-Ar) (rho = 0.26; p < 0.001); and between weekends total sedentary hours and IPAQ-Ar’s item 27 (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01). Regarding discriminant validity, there were no significant differences in total sedentary hours/week with respect to body mass index and physical activity. There was a significant negative correlation between participants’ age and total sedentary hours/week (rho = −0.23, p < 0.01). Regarding reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for weekdays, weekends, and all days were as follows: ICC(2,1) (95% CI) = 0.83 (0.65–0.91); 0.86 (0.74–0.92); and 0.85 (0.70–0.92) respectively. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha for weekdays and weekend items were 0.41 and 0.42, respectively. This study translated and culturally adapted the SBQ into Arabic, but the resulting questionnaire demonstrated inadequate internal consistency, requiring further research.

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba spp. infecting domestic and feral/stray cats in Jordan.

This study aimed to carry out a molecular screening for the presence of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and/or Entamoeba in the feces of pet and stray/feral cats in Jordan. G. duodenalis was found in 27.9% (95% CI, 23.2-32.9) of the 348 sampled cats overall; E. histolytica was found in only 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1-2.1) of the cats, while none of the sampled cats had Cryptosporidium infections. The infection rate of G. duodenalis among indoor cats (32.3%) did not differ significantly from that among outdoor cats (24.1%). There were significantly more infections (p = 0.0004) geographically in the cold semiarid areas (67%) than in the cold desert areas (24%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis of amplicons based on the bg, tpi, and gdh genes revealed that the majority of G. duodenalis infections were zoonotic assemblage B (65.9%; 64 of 97 positive samples); followed by feline-specific assemblage F (18.5%, 18/97); cattle-specific assemblage E (5.2%, 5/97); and then assemblage C that was shared with canids (1.0%; 1/97). Within Giardia isolates, a substitution mutation (A/G) was found at position 297 of the complete protein coding sequence (cds) of tpi-assemblage B, which may represent a new spreading mutation within this gene among the cat population in Jordan. The results of the present study suggest that close human-cat interactions could play a role in zoonotic transmission of Giardia, but further research is needed to determine the possible contribution of cats to the transmission of other protozoa to humans.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease MASLD: Jordan's Perspective Based on Knowledge and Attitude Determinants.

The most prevalent chronic liver disease in both developed and developing nations is Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). The condition increases the risk of comorbidities and liver-related morbidity and mortality. The public's awareness and medical personnel's understanding are essential in creating countermeasures to stop the disease's spread; a positive attitude is essential for early screening. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanians living in Amman toward MASLD to determine the public's awareness and medical personnel's understanding of the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire that included 5 items for knowledge and 8 for attitude. Demographic questions were also included to further examine how demographic factors affected knowledge and attitude. Among 906 responders, (63.4%) were females, and (36.6%) were males. The majority age group was 18-30 (56.2%). Only 49.5% had previous knowledge of MASLD, (44.6%) believed they were at risk of developing it. There is a statistical significance between age, gender, educational level, and having a good knowledge of MASLD and a positive attitude towards it (p<0.05). Generally, Jordan's population has a fair knowledge of MASLD and a positive attitude towards it. Warranting more research into the reasons behind it, and more awareness campaigns.

Investigation of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the utilization of rosemary among the population in Jordan.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has a rich historical use for various reasons due to its beneficial characteristics including stimulating hair growth, providing antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and functioning as a skin conditioner and fragrance enhancer. The plant is cultivated in Jordan and using it is gaining popularity among the population. To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of rosemary use among Jordanians. A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting at least 385 participants via social media platforms. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed by independent researchers. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections including the demographics section, the knowledge section and the attitude toward rosemary use. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression. The study's participants (n = 407) had a mean age of 30.98 years old (SD = 12.76). The mean knowledge score for the participants ranged from -5 to 7, with a mean of 2.96 (SD = 2.61), with younger participants exhibiting higher knowledge scores regarding rosemary. Approximately half of the participants (48.2%) reported using rosemary for medical purposes. About three-quarters reported using rosemary oil, but a higher percentage reported using the leaves. Around three quarters administered it orally or applied it topically. Most participants obtained rosemary by growing it at home or from herbalists. Family and friends were the main influencers for rosemary users. Most of the study participants strongly agreed/agreed that plants possess a healing power (94.4%). The most reported reason for using rosemary was improving the hair condition (82.1%) followed by gastrointestinal problems (67.9%). The study highlights the widespread use of rosemary for different reasons through different methods of application. Addressing misconceptions and enhancing knowledge dissemination may allow informed decision-making and promote the safe and effective use of herbal therapies.

Smoking cessation rate and predictors of successful quitting in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.

Tobacco smoking in Jordan is the highest in the Middle East, with health consequences and economic burdens. Smoking cessation improves health and grows the economy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking cessation in Jordan and to identify the determinants of effective quitting. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey directed towards the general population of Jordan. The questionnaire was formulated in Arabic and inquired about sociodemographic factors, health status, behaviors, smoking habits, previous quitting attempts, utilization of smoking cessation services, attitudes towards quitting, and barriers to quitting. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. A total of 463 participants were included in this study. Twenty-one percent of them were ex-smokers (n = 97), 86% were male, 63.3% were from the middle governorates, and 29.2% were 24 years old or younger. The rate of sustained quitting for at least 3 months among participants was 13.6%. The factors associated with successful quitting included age > 50 years (P = .001), practicing regular physical activity (P = .003), using more than 1 tobacco product (P = .000), smoking waterpipes or e-cigarettes (P = .000 and .015, respectively), lower levels of nicotine dependence (P = .009), duration of smoking (P = .000), higher number of smoking cessation attempts (P = .000), having 1 or more chronic diseases (P = .049), and having DM (P = .003). More than half of the ex-smokers needed 2 to 5 attempts before successfully quitting smoking. There was a low rate of utilization of smoking cessation services and medications in both groups. On the other hand, there is a high rate of use of other smoking methods, particularly waterpipes and e-cigarettes, as an aid for quitting. Current smokers reported being in a stressful situation as a barrier to quitting significantly more often than did ex-smokers (P = .013). Both groups had moderately positive attitudes toward quitting. Ex-smokers had significantly better attitudes toward their ability to manage stress, weight gain, and increased appetite after quitting (P = .004, .004, and .007, respectively). This study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of smoking behavior, cessation attempts, and attitudes. These findings can inform the development of targeted smoking cessation programmes and policies.

IMPACT OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD ON THE LEVEL OF FINANCIAL SECURITY: FORMATION OF A MODERN APPROACH IN CASE OF JORDAN

The main purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to determining the influence of criminal crime factors in the country on the level of financial security of the state. For this purpose, the key object of study is the Jordanian financial security system. The scientific task is to establish possible relationships between the level of criminalization of the economy in the country and the security of the financial sector. The research methodology involves the use of the method of correlation and regression analysis, the use of special software for working with data analysis, the F-criterion modeling method, the Hoerl model, and an abstract logical method for summarizing the research results. Conclusions about the state and trends of the Corruption Perception Index in Jordan were analyzed and made. A calculation of the level of financial security of Jordan over the past five years is presented. Based on the results of the study, it was proven that the influence of economic crime and criminal offenses in the economy as a whole have a direct significant impact on the level of quality of life of the population of Jordan and financial security in general. The urgent need for shadowization of the Jordanian economy has been proven in the context of increasing the level of its financial security, which is aimed at reducing such criminal offenses as corruption and deep shadowing due to criminal activity. It was established based on the results of calculations that an increase in the level of financial security in Jordan has a direct impact on changes in the level of quality of life of the population in the country. The study is limited by taking into account the specifics of only one country - Jordan. Future research prospects aim to address this limitation and include more Middle Eastern countries.

Public Awareness of Palliative Care: A Nationally Representative Sample of Jordanian Adults

ContextInternationally, studies suggest that inadequate comprehension of the concept of palliative care and misconceptions about it hinder the effective use of palliative care, especially in developing nations. ObjectiveTo assess the awareness of the adult population in Jordan regarding palliative care. MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design and an online self-administered questionnaire survey. The recruitment method was convenience snowball sampling of three thousand nine hundred forty-two Jordanian adults covering 12 governorates. Participants were recruited through social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. The process of gathering data commenced in October –December 2023. Descriptive statistics were computed. ResultsA study of 3942 respondents in Jordan found that 45% have some knowledge of palliative care, with 31% being pretty knowledgeable. Most respondents (89%) strongly agree that patients with incurable illnesses should receive palliative care, with cancer patients showing the highest level of agreement (96%). The most agreed-upon aspect of palliative care is controlling pain and symptoms at home, while the least agreed-upon aspect is providing information on benefits and financial matters. The study also highlighted the link between palliative care and mortality, suggesting the need for increased awareness and education. ConclusionThe demand for palliative care in Jordan is increasing, requiring increased access, a holistic approach, open discussions, and easily accessible information. Challenges include integrating palliative care into non-malignant progressive diseases, ensuring comprehensive end-of-life care, promoting societal receptiveness towards mortality, enhancing information accessibility, and health promotion efforts. The study's results indicate the importance of implementing educational strategies and engaging families and communities in policymaking to change public knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care.

Morphometric analysis of orbital CT scan in a Jordanian sample

ABSTRACT Background Anatomical variation exists among different ethnicities in almost all body parts, including the bony skull. Researchers have found some variations between both sexes in the inner measurements of the bony orbit as well as variations related to racial differences. In this study, we assessed different parameters related to the bony orbit that are important clinically, using data collected from a random sample of the diverse population of Jordan, seeking to find out how our population correlates with the variations mentioned in the literature, and applying the results for their clinical importance for many disciplines of medicine related to ophthalmology and maxillofacial surgery, among others. Research Design and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on healthy patients from the Jordan University Hospital. We randomly selected participants aged between 17 and 89, who attended the ophthalmology clinic in the Jordan University Hospital. For each patient, we obtained clinical data and computed tomography (CT) images, using four two-dimensional measurements of the orbit: D1 = distance from the orbital canal to the frontozygomatic fissure, D2 = distance from the orbital canal to the nasion, D3 = distance between the supraorbital and infraorbital canals, and D4 = distance between the nasion and the frontozygomatic fissure. Results We included a total of 161 participants, with a mean age of 54.4 (±19.3) years. They were 83 men (51.6%) and 78 women (48.4%). We found a significant difference in D3 between Jordanian males and females from various races, which might indicate a possible strong effect of sexual hormones on the orbital development. Conclusions We analyzed different measurements that are clinically relevant on a sample of Jordanian patients. These measurements can be useful for surgical decision-making and for research purposes. Our key limitations were related to concerns about the safety of CT imaging for the soft tissue of the eye and the use of two-dimensional measurements instead of three-dimensional ones.

Attitudes and Practices Regarding Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among the Public in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Helicobacter pylori is a major infection that can cause a variety of complications, including stomach cancer and peptic ulcers. There is a scarcity of research on the awareness of H. pylori in the general population in Jordan. Because public awareness and behavioral changes are powerful tools in curbing transmission rates, this study evaluated Jordanians' beliefs and behaviors about H. pylori infection. The study was carried out in 2021 between May and July. Those who met the requirements for inclusion were asked to fill out a questionnaire through interviews. The questionnaire had three sections: sociodemographic data, participants' attitudes regarding H. pylori infection, and daily practices that could affect H. pylori transmission. Responses were collected from 767 participants, 50.7% were females, 65.8% were married, and 65.1% had a high educational level. Only 31.6% of the participants held a positive attitude. The female gender was significantly associated with better attitudes regarding H. pylori infection. One-third of the interviewed participants showed good practices. The female gender and being 50 years old and above were significantly associated with better practices. This study demonstrated that attitudes and practices regarding H. pylori infection in Jordan were unsatisfactory. Subsequently, public health efforts should be aimed at modifying those behaviors to decrease the disease burden.

Using Social Media Applications for Accessing Health-related Information: Evidence from Jordan

Aim/Purpose: This study examined the use of Social Media Applications (SMAs) for accessing health-related information within a heterogeneous population in Jordan. The objective of this study was therefore threefold: (i) to investigate the usage of SMAs, including WhatsApp, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, Instagram, and Facebook, for accessing health-related information; (ii) to examine potential variations in the use of SMAs based on demographic and behavioral characteristics; and (iii) to identify the factors that can predict the use of SMAs. Background: There has been limited focus on investigating the behavior of laypeople in Jordan when it comes to seeking health information from SMAs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Jordan using an online questionnaire administered to 207 users. A purposive sampling technique was employed, wherein all the participants actively sought online health information. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analyses were utilized to analyze the collected data. Contribution: This study adds to the existing body of research on health information seeking from SMAs in developing countries, with a specific focus on Jordan. Moreover, laypeople, often disregarded by researchers and health information providers, are the most vulnerable individuals who warrant greater attention. Findings: The findings indicated that individuals often utilized YouTube as a platform to acquire health-related information, whereas their usage of Facebook for this purpose was less frequent. Participants rarely utilized Instagram and WhatsApp to obtain health information, while Twitter and Snapchat were very seldom used for this purpose. The variable of sex demonstrated a notable positive correlation with the utilization of YouTube and Twitter for the purpose of finding health-related information. Conversely, the variable of nationality exhibited a substantial positive correlation with the utilization of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Consulting medical professionals regarding information obtained from the Internet was a strong indicator of using Instagram to search for health-related information. Recommendations for Practitioners: Based on the empirical results, this study provides feasible recommendations for the government, healthcare providers, and developers of SMAs. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should conduct separate investigations for each application specifically pertaining to the acquisition of health-related information. Additionally, it is advisable to investigate additional variables that may serve as predictors for the utilization of SMAs. Impact on Society: The objective of this study is to enhance the inclination of the general public in Jordan to utilize SMAs for health-related information while also maximizing the societal benefits of these applications. Future Research: Additional research is required to examine social media’s usability (regarding ease of use) and utility (comparing advantages to risks) in facilitating effective positive change and impact in healthcare.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss among the general population in Jordan; A cross-sectional study.

Obesity has emerged as a global pandemic, with its prevalence notably increasing during the COVID-19 lockdown of 2019. In response, many individuals have turned to pharmacological interventions, including antidiabetic medications, as means of achieving weight loss with minimal effort. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Jordanian population regarding the use of antidiabetic agents, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and biguanides, for weight management. A self-administered validated online questionnaire was developed and disseminated to public utilizing a cross-sectional design. Data were extracted to examine descriptive statistics. Linear regression was performed to evaluate associations with knowledge and attitude. A p-value ≤0.05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance. Total of 389 responses were analyzed, 65.6% females, 54.2% married, 78.1% living in the center of Jordan, 35.5% overweight and 26.5% have >1000 Jordanian Dinars monthly income. Fifty seven percent of the study participants think that antidiabetics could be used for weight loss. 47.27%, 44.55%, 68.18% recognized glucagon-like peptide-1receptor agonists; (Ozempic®), (Saxenda®), (Mounjaro®) as well as (Glucophage®) use for weight loss, respectively and 12.3% of participants used medications to lose weight. Neutral attitude was observed. Gender and body mass index were significantly affecting the participants knowledge (p<0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Use of (Ozempic®), (Saxenda®) and other antidiabetics to lose weight become a common practice. The results of this study suggests supervising prescription and dispensing to avoid misuse, especially, in people who are contraindicated to use them.

Self-medication practice among the general public in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.

The phenomenon of self-medication is a noteworthy public health concern that is increasingly prevalent on a global level, particularly in developing nations. This study aims to explore the prevalence of self-medication of over-the-counter (OTC) medications among the general public in Jordan. This cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in Jordan between November and December 2022. An online questionnaire link was distributed to the study participants through social media platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram). The questionnaire tool for this study was adapted from a previously developed questionnaire by Tesfamariam et al. The questionnaire tool comprised four sections that examined participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of OTC self-medication, attitudes toward OTC self-medication, and associated practices. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of OTC self-medication practice. A total of 1,218 individuals participated in this study. More than half of the study participants (56.9%) confirmed that they were currently using or had in the past year used medication(s) not prescribed by a healthcare specialist. Participants' agreement level on statements that reflected a positive attitude toward self-medication practice ranged between 13.1 and 33.0%. The statement most commonly agreed with was that 'OTC medications are safe but I would seek a physician's advice before using them' (57.7%). Individuals aged 36-40 years and 51 years and over, those who were married or divorced, those who were employed, and those who had chronic diseases were more likely to practice self-medication compared to others (p < 0.05). The current study findings suggest a significant lack of awareness among the general population in Jordan regarding the expected efficacy of OTC medications. A restricted level of agreement was observed among the participants concerning the behavior of self-medication.

Impact of the influx of Syrian refugees on domestic violence against Jordanian women: Evidence from the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey.

The 2011 Syrian crisis led to a large influx of refugees into neighboring countries, including Jordan. The resulting stress on local host communities could heighten the risk of domestic violence against Jordanian women. We utilized multilevel propensity score weighting and data from the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey to empirically test for differences in outcomes related to domestic violence, marital control, and justification of wife-beating between Jordanian communities with varying density levels of Syrian women. We did not find systematic differences in these outcomes across communities. However, we cannot rule out effects that may not be statistically detectable with our sample but could still be substantively meaningful.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Influenza Vaccination Among Jordanians Aged 18-64 Years with Chronic Diseases.

Influenza is a frequent infectious disease that can be prevented and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The most economical way to prevent influenza is through vaccination, although this method is not widely used. This study aimed to assess the seasonal influenza vaccination rates and the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian adults with chronic illnesses toward the influenza vaccine. A cross-sectional design was employed. A 26-item online survey was used to gather data about patients' knowledge of and attitudes toward the influenza vaccine as well as their status as influenza vaccine recipients. A total of 19% of the 564 study participants received an influenza vaccination. Most (81%) of individuals reported inconsistent vaccination uptake. The most important factor affecting vaccination is the belief that the flu is not a threat (39%) and that their doctors did not advise them about the vaccination (32%). Participants with no health insurance and those with public insurance had a lower level of vaccination than those with private insurance (p= 0.008). The adult population of Jordan with chronic diseases has subpar immunization rates. What is also revealed is a blatant misunderstanding about the value of routine influenza vaccination. These findings emphasize how urgently the public needs to be made aware of the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine.

Colorectal cancer screening among the public: knowledge, attitudes, and the perceived barriers

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) 1 screening tests help in early detection of CRC and improve disease prognosis. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and barriers to CRC screening and the associated factors among the general population in Jordan. A validated self-administered online survey was distributed on 1542 individuals in Jordan. The participants (n = 1542) reported several barriers and demonstrated insufficient knowledge but positive attitude towards CRC screening. Older age (OR = 1.021, 95% CI = 1.010–1.032, P < 0.001), working in medical field (OR = 3.198, 95% CI = 2.499–4.092, P < 0.001), family history of cancer (OR = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.002–1.555, P < 0.05), and knowing someone with CRC (OR = 1.601, 95% CI = 1.186–2.161, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher knowledge. Personal history of CRC (OR = 3.157, 95% CI = 1.188–8.387, P < 0.05), and high knowledge of CRC (OR = 2.795, 95% CI = 2.242–3.484, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the positive attitude. Future healthcare programs should devise effective techniques to improve public understanding and perception of CRC screening and overcome the identified barriers.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Arabic Self-Care Inventory.

Self-care is a fundamental aspect of health and well-being for healthy individuals and those with chronic illnesses. However, the available self-care measurement instruments have limited support regarding their psychometric properties. Research about the validation of comprehensive, theory-based self-care tools in the Arabic language and culture is also limited. In addition, many self-care measurement tools are available only for people with chronic illnesses. To examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Self-care Inventory (SCI) in the general adult population in Jordan. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. Data collection was performed using a demographics questionnaire, and Arabic versions of the SCI, Self-care Self-Efficacy, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-revised. SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was conducted by performing confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance, internal consistency, and bivariate correlations. The results revealed that the SCI comprises three scales: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. The goodness of mode fit indices showed that the models of these scales fit the data well by meeting the following set a priori criteria: (RMSEA < .07, CFI > .95, and X2/df < 5). The factor loadings of the individual items of the SCI provided further evidence about the factor structure of the three scales. Regarding measurement invariance, the results indicated that partial invariance across participants' sex is assumed. The values of both Cronbach's α and composite reliability showed that the internal consistency of the SCI is supported. Cronbach's α of the self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management were .82, .86, and .83, respectively. The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the SCI demonstrate its validity and reliability as a robust assessment tool for measuring self-care in the general adult population.

Assessment of osteoporosis knowledge, awareness, and risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women from Jordan: a cross-sectional study.

Lack of information about osteoporosis knowledge and awareness among premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women in Jordan. Women had an average-poor knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis. This study highlights the need to improve women's knowledge about osteoporosis, its consequences, potential risk factors, preventive measures, and treatment options. To assess osteoporosis knowledge, awareness, and risk factor profile among premenopausal and postmenopausal women from Jordan. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 490 premenopausal and 488 postmenopausal women from the general population of Jordan. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the sociodemographic and clinical data and to complete the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) questionnaire. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women had an average-poor level of knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis, with a total mean score of 51.3 and 50.9, respectively, out of the total OKAT score of 100. More than 50% of premenopausal women correctly answered 11 questions, while >50% of postmenopausal women correctly answered 9 questions out of 20 in OKAT, which are related to knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis. The participants' marital status (being married), higher educational level, and higher economic status were significantly associated with better knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis (p-values < 0.05). Postmenopausal women had higher osteoporosis risk profile including older age, higher body mass index, less regular exercise, and less exposure to sunlight versus premenopausal women. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women from Jordan had an average-poor level of knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis. Higher educational levels and higher income are associated with better knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis. It is therefore crucial to improve the knowledge of women in Jordan about osteoporosis and its consequences, as well as the potential risk factors, preventive measures, and treatment options. Conducting periodic osteoporosis awareness and educational campaigns are necessary to spread the awareness of the disease.