AbstractBackground: Depressive disorders are associated with poorer health outcomes in people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHIV) and have been shown to contribute to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Western contexts. Limited data from developing countries are available. The aim of this study was to explore whether there was an association between depressive symptoms and adherence to ART among PLHIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was undertaken in a population of HIV-positive patients accessing ART at a government funded, semi-urban clinic in the eThekwini Municipal District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The tools used to measure depressive symptoms and adherence were the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and clinic-based pill counts, respectively. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected during interviews and from patient records.Results: Sixty-two per ...