Control Population Research Articles

Epidemiology of clinically significant migraine in Israel: a retrospective database study

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on migraine are valuable for tracking disease trends, identifying risk factors, and informing treatment strategies. This study assessed the prevalence and annual incidence of clinically significant migraine in Israel from 2017 to 2022, with analyses stratified by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and district. Additionally, we compared relevant characteristics between adult migraine and non-migraine members of Leumit Healthcare Services (LHS), a national health provider in Israel.MethodsThis retrospective study used LHS electronic health records to evaluate migraine prevalence and annual incidence from 2017 to 2022 among adult LHS members. Clinically significant migraine patients were identified using stringent criteria, including repeated diagnostic codes for migraine, confirmation by a neurologist, or the use of migraine-specific therapies. Each migraine patient was matched 1:1 with a control individual of similar age, sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnic background.ResultsThe prevalence of clinically significant migraine increased from 4.5% in 2017 to 5.2% in 2022, with significantly higher rates in women compared to men (8% vs. 2.4% in 2022). The mean age of migraine patients was 46.8 years in 2022. The annual incidence of migraine in 2022 was 43 per 10,000 individuals over 18, with approximately 75% of new cases occurring in women, with a mean age of 36.5 years. The annual incidence of migraine slightly decreased over the period. Approximately two-thirds of new patients were diagnosed by neurologists, with only 19% diagnosed by family physicians. Compared to a matched control population, migraine patients showed a higher prevalence of low body mass index (BMI) and higher diastolic blood pressure (BP). Additionally, distinct differences in laboratory findings were observed among migraine patients, notably lower glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, lower rate of microalbuminuria, with higher hemoglobin, which may be associated with migraine pathophysiology.ConclusionThis study provides a detailed epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with clinically significant migraine in LHS from 2017 to 2022. Notable trends include higher rates of migraine among patients with lower BMI, higher diastolic BP, lower glucose, and higher hemoglobin, suggesting potential modifiable risk factors.

Ecological overview of hard ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Nagasaki prefecture of western Japan during winter 2021–2022

In Japan, Japanese spotted fever, Lyme disease and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome caused by Ixodidae species are endemic. To prevent and control the diseases, fundamental understandings in tick ecology are crucial. Hence, this study aimed to analyse tick species richness and abundance across Nagasaki prefecture including its remote islands from a wide range of environments. A total of 74 sampling points screening during winter 2021–2022, using dragging method resulted in 14,883 tick samples (279 adults, 7148 nymphs and 7456 larvae) in 11 species belonging to four genera. Haemaphysalis flava dominated adult populations, while H. formosensis was predominant among nymphs. Both species are possible vectors of Japanese spotted fever and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. The ecological analysis revealed more complex species distribution in the remote islands compering to the main island in both adults and nymphs. In addition, the ground temperature was a significant regulatory factor for both adults and nymphs. The research provides valuable insights on tick distributions, ecological groupings and environmental preferences in Nagasaki. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of tick ecology and could contribute to design strategies for tick population control and tick-borne disease prevention in Nagasaki or possibility to nearby areas.

Reduced avoidance behaviour in Daphnia magna due to agrochemical-induced vulnerability.

The continuous discharge of agrochemicals used in intensive agriculture contaminates aquatic systems, harming aquatic biota and their processes. Although mobile organisms can avoid continuous exposure by moving to less-affected habitats, their capacity can be altered by pollutant exposure. Populations with a previous disturbance history, which show a lower ability to respond to subsequent stressors, are defined as vulnerable. Therefore, this study investigated the so far unknown escape capacity of a vulnerable zooplankton population previously exposed to a contaminated environment. To this end, agrochemically driven vulnerability was induced in populations of Daphnia magna by exposure to sublethal concentrations of glyphosate. Vulnerability was verified using a starvation test in which significant differences were observed between the control populations and populations with a disturbance history. Both the Control and Vulnerable populations were assessed for their avoidance capacity by exposing them to a glyphosate gradient using a Heterogeneous Multiple-Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS). The control populations showed a rapid reaction from the beginning of the assay, with avoidance rates increasing over 24 h, while vulnerable populations were unable to avoid contaminated habitats for up to 24 h. Therefore, we concluded that vulnerable populations have a lower capacity to avoid contaminated habitats. In heterogeneously contaminated habitats, a lower avoidance capacity is responsible for the differential spatial distribution of the affected species, which impacts the ecosystem structure. Additionally, agrochemically induced vulnerability and its effect on avoidance behaviour may affect ecosystem functioning through the altered spatial distribution of zooplankton populations.

A rare variant in the UQCRC1 gene, p.(Gly405Val) in three Austrian Parkinson's patients.

Variants in the UQCRC1 gene have been proposed to cause autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease with neuropathy. However, definitive confirmation of UQCRC1 as an authentic Parkinson's gene remains elusive, as follow-up studies have not yet provided conclusive evidence. 382 Austrian Parkinson's patients, particularly selected for familial and/or early onset cases, were Exome sequenced. We found three unrelated patients with a positive family history of the disease who shared the same rare missense variant in the UQCRC1 gene: c.1214G>T; p.(Gly405Val). The variant is very rare in the control population, with an allele frequency of 2×10-6 in the gnomAD database. None of the three patients carries a rare variant in a monogenic Parkinson's disease gene. We suggest that UQCRC1 p.(Gly405Val) probably contributes to the development of the disease in these three patients. Our findings provide further evidence that UQCRC1 is a 'bona fide' Parkinson's disease gene.

Biochemical Hypogonadism in Aging Testicular Cancer Survivors: A Clinical Challenge.

Few longitudinal studies have described the prevalence and development of biochemical hypogonadism in aging testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) in comparison to men from the general population (control subjects). Serum total and free testosterone (Ttotal, Tfree) were measured in 593 TCSs median11 and 27 years after TC diagnosis (Survey-First; Survey-Last). Post-treatment adverse health outcomes (AHOs) were recorded. The results were compared to those in 578 control subjects. Treatment was stratified as surgery alone, radiotherapy alone, or platinum-based chemotherapy. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as Ttotal <8nmol/l, or as Ttotal <12nmol/l and Tfree <225pmol/l. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore associations with age and treatment intensity. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Between the first and last survey the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism increased from 12% to 41% in the TSC group and from 5% to 11% in the control group. Three decades after diagnosis, the probability of biochemical hypogonadism was significantly correlated with increasing age and greater treatment intensity. The combined age- and treatment- related probability of hypogonadism was more than threefold higher in the TCS group than in the control group. At the last survey, fewer eugonadal than hypogonadal TCS men reported at least one AHO attributable to androgen deficiency (54% vs 72%; p<0.001). Limitations include the availability of only one blood sample per survey wave. For aging TCSs, the probability of biochemical hypogonadism depends on age and prior treatment intensity and is threefold higher than for control subjects at 30yr after diagnosis. As late hypogonadism is associated with AHO incidence, the development of hypogonadism should be monitored via regular blood tests during TCS follow-up. Depending on the treatment they received, older survivors of testicular cancer (TC) are at persistent risk of lower testosterone levels. Our study revealed low testosterone in 40% of TC survivors older than 60 years compared to 10% of similarly aged men from the general population. Low testosterone is associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, fatigue, and/or erectile dysfunction. Testosterone should be regularly monitored during follow-up for TC survivors.

Alteration of gut microbiota in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

641 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment, such as novel combinations of immunotherapy and targeted therapy or dual immunotherapy, the prognosis remains poor due to a lack of predictive biomarkers for treatment response. Gut microbiota alterations have been proposed as both potential diagnostic biomarker and predictive biomarker. However, data in this field are not well-established and are mostly derived from studies conducted in China and Western countries, which may not fully reflect the situation in Thailand. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from pre-treated advanced HCC patients who visited medical oncology outpatient clinic at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University (HCC group = 27) and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota. Additional sequenced data from a healthy population (Control group = 31) who had no underlying disease and had normal liver ultrasonography were retrieved from a previous study conducted by Khon Kaen University (Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, CASCAP). The datasets were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to analyze the alteration of gut microbiota between HCC group and control group. Results: The HCC group exhibited significantly lower biodiversity index (p&lt; 0.001) than control group in terms of richness, Shannon diversity index and Simpson’s index. The HCC group had significantly higher relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (p&lt; 0.001), Firmicutes (p&lt; 0.001) and a lower abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria (p&lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. Additionally, the HCC group had significantly higher relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Granulicatella, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricoccus, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Flavonifractor, Haemophilus and Lachnospira at the genus level. Further analysis of relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level and clinical prognostic parameters showed positive correlation between Streptococcus and 6-month survival status. Conclusions: Gut microbiota profile in patients with advanced HCC was significantly altered from healthy control group. This could be the evidence of microbial dysbiosis and may potentially be biomarker for prognosis.

Causes of hospitalization and mortality in persons with epilepsy: The EpiLink Bologna cohort, Italy.

Epilepsy significantly impacts on morbidity and mortality. Understanding hospitalization and mortality risks in persons with epilepsy (PWE) is essential for improving healthcare strategies. We aimed to investigate the risk and causes of hospitalization and mortality in PWE compared to a matched general population cohort. The EpiLink Bologna historical cohort study analyzed adult PWE in the period 2018-2019. A general population control cohort was used for comparison. Clinical data were linked with health administrative data. PWE were grouped into persons with focal epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy (PDEE). The primary outcome was the hospitalization rate. Emergency department (ED) visit rate and the risk of death for any cause were also assessed. The study included 1438 PWE and 14,096 controls. PWE had higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ED visit (IRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20-1.32), hospital admission (IRR 2.05, 95% CI 1.83-2.29), and death (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.2) compared to control cohort. The highest hospitalization risk was in the PDEE group (IRR 4.70; 95% CI 3.28-6.74). The increased hospitalization rate among PWE was due to both their higher ED visit and elective hospital admission rates. PWE on polytherapy were at higher risk of hospitalization for inflammation of jaw, acid-base/electrolyte imbalances, chronic cerebrovascular disease, major traumas and infections. During a 2-year-period, PWE in Bologna had a doubled risk of hospitalization and 50% higher risk of death compared to a matched general population cohort. Hospitalization risks varied significantly by epilepsy type and antiseizure therapy.

Implementation of the Child Protection Policy through Pentahelix Collaboration in West Sumatra Province

The implementation of Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection provides a legal framework to protect children from various forms of violence, including sexual violence. Nevertheless, there are still challenges in its implementation. According to the records of the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, Population Control and Family Planning (DP3AP2KB) of West Sumatra Province, compiled from the information system on the protection of women and children has increased in the last 5 (five) years. This research aims to analyze the actors involved in the implementation of child protection in West Sumatra Province with data collection methods of documentation studies, interviews and FGDs, then the data is processed using a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach or known as a mixed approach. The approach uses the Miles and Huberman model and the mactor application. The theory used Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and Pentahelix theory are two approaches that can complement each other in analyzing public policy. Meanwhile, Pentahelix emphasizes collaboration between five main actors: government, community, academia, business, and media. Combining these two theories can provide a deeper understanding of policy dynamics. The implementation of child protection policy implementation through pentahelik collaboration in factor analysis can be concluded that the actor who has a major influence is the government because the government is the actor who is in direct contact both in practical and policy aspects, all actors provide positive support, although the business world has not shown a collaborative relationship in the implementation of child protection, the government has the power to influence other actors, community/community collaboration is not strong enough to influence implementation.

Inhibitor treatment and subcellular localization analysis reveal the contribution of a cytosolic terpene synthase to the substantial release of anti-insect monoterpenes by Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski.

Bird strikes are one of the greatest threats to aviation safety in the worldwide. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski has anti-insect effects that may indirectly decrease bird populations, thereby reducing bird strikes. However, it is unclear how S. trilobata exerts its anti-insect effects. Moreover, the mechanism mediating the biosynthesis of its main volatile compounds is unknown. This study was conducted to identify the major anti-insect volatile compounds in S. trilobata and elucidate their biosynthetic mechanisms. A continuous sampling method was used to analyze the released volatiles of S. trilobata. Direct feeding or fumigation treatments with the main monoterpenes were followed by the evaluation of anti-insect functions. Evolutionary and enzyme activity analyses were performed to verify the functions of target enzymes. The subcellular localization and potential functions of the target enzymes were revealed by quantitative analyses of synthase gene expression, subcellular localization experiments, inhibitor experiments, and enzyme activity analysis of proteins from different subcellular organelles. α-Phellandrene, limonene, and p-cymene, which had a circadian release pattern, were the major volatiles in S. trilobata. These three monoterpenes have anti-insect functions. Additionally, StTPS3 has a relatively broad substrate specificity in vitro, which may result in the production of limonene, p-cymene, and β-caryophyllene. The circadian rhythm in StTPS3 expression was consistent with the changes in volatile compound levels. The encoded enzyme was localized in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway reduced monoterpene formation. Proteins extracted from the cytoplasm and chloroplasts may catalyze the synthesis and conversion of monoterpene precursors. The study data provide direct evidence for the anti-insect effects of S. trilobata, while positively elucidating the biosynthesis of key volatiles from cytoplasmic GPP and NPP. Furthermore, the findings may be relevant for the control of bird populations at airports and the reduction of the risk of bird strikes.

Gender differences in associations between obesity and hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia: evidence from electronic health records of 3.5 million Chinese senior population

BackgroundObesity has been arousing a critical public health issue, and posting threats to senior population. We aimed to explore gender differences in associations between general/central obesity (body mass index/waist circumference) and hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia based on electronic health records of 3.5 million Chinese senior population over 65 years.Methods3571189 electronic health records of Chinese senior population were collected from platform of Zhejiang provincial Basic Public Health Services Project. Sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, physical data, and biochemical indices were included in the research. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore associations between obesity and diseases.Results7.7% (5.3% for male, 9.7% for female) senior population were having general obesity, and 31.8% (25.2% for male, 37.4% for female) of them had central obesity. 48.0% (46.0% for male, 49.7% for female), 14.0% (12.3% for male, 15.5% for female), and 58.9% (51.6% for male, 65.2% for female) senior population were having hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, respectively. 37.9% (29.5% for male, 45.1% for female) and 33.7% (28.1% for male, 38.5% for female) senior population were having abnormal TC and TG, respectively. General obesity and central obesity strongly and negatively associated with hypertension [OR = 2.61 (95%CI: 2.58–2.63), and 2.20 (95%CI: 2.18–2.21)], diabetes [OR = 1.33 (95%CI: 1.31–1.35), and 1.56 (95%CI: 1.54–1.57)], and dyslipidemia [OR = 1.66 (95%CI: 1.64–1.68), and 1.84 (95%CI: 1.83–1.85)] based on existing obesity standards. Male population with BMI higher than 28.7 kg/m2, 30.1 kg/m2, 22.7 kg/m2, and with WC higher than 99.0 cm, 95.9 cm, 82.1 cm, while female population with BMI higher than 26.9 kg/m2, 23.3 kg/m2, 18.1 kg/m2, and with WC higher than 92.1 cm, 83.1 cm, 65.7 cm, the ORs were over 1.0 for having hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, respectively.ConclusionsSenior population were more likely to have central obesity over general obesity, and nearly half of them were having hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity negatively and strongly associated with chronic diseases in senior population, yet general obesity exerted more impact on hypertension, whereas central obesity exerted more impact on diabetes and dyslipidemia. Female population with obesity were in higher risk than male having hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We recommended senior population control BMI lower than 28.7 kg/m2 and 23.3 kg/m2, as well as WC lower than 95.9 cm and 83.1 cm for male and female, respectively. Optimal BMI and WC in senior population may be around the overweight or mild obesity range. There were risks for having dyslipidemia or abnormal lipid-related indices even in senior population without obesity. TC and TG were major indicators of discovering disease and preventing senior population from dyslipidemia.

Septum displacement implications in the limited cardiac reserve, RV to pc uncoupling and oxygen uptake during exercise in heart failure

Abstract Background Exertional dyspnea is crucial in heart failure (HF) and may be determined by an unfavorable dynamic of ventricular interaction. This concept has been poorly addressed over time and we hypothesized that a careful study of the interventricular septum adaptations during maximal exercise in HF might be implicated in the limited cardiac reserve, uncoupling of right ventricular (RV) to pulmonary circulation (Pc), both yielding to a limited O2 uptake. Aim To address the pathophysiology behind biventricular interaction during exercise in HF, studying the role of l septum displacement during exercise and how and whether it would affect peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO2 peak). Through a limited cardiac output (CO) increase and some degrees of RV to PC uncoupling assessed by TAPSE/PASP. Methods 22 HF underwent a combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing imaging (CPET imaging) with RV 3D-imaging analysis and were compared with a control population. 3D imaging of the RV chamber was examined off-line using the 4D RV TomTec software and obtained 3D mesh of the RV model using custom software to obtain the mean curvature value of IVS in 4 regions of: inflow tract (RVIT), outflow tract (RVOT), apical and body. We acquired measurements of curvature during end-diastole (ED) and at end systole (ES) phases and obtained a parametric curvature map. Results HF patients (mean age 72±12, 27% female) typically exhibited an abnormal septal curve, with a more leftward configuration either at rest and under exercise (rest =−0.01±0.007 at ED, and −0.01±0.009 at ES; peak exercise= −0.01±0.006 at ED, and −0.01±0.007 at ES) compared to controls (rest =−0.02±0.002 at ED, and −0.02±0.006 at ES; peak exercise −0.02±0.0.006 at ED, and −0.02±0.01 at ES, Figure). Notably, the degree of the IVS curvature was found to linearly correlate with an impaired gas exchange performance as showed by a lower peak VO2, a limited CO and impairment of TAPSE/PASP in HF (respectively, r=0.64, p&amp;lt;0.001, r=0.5, p&amp;lt;0.001, r=0.53, p&amp;lt;0.001 at ED during exercise; r=0.61, p&amp;lt;0.001 at ES during exercise; Figure). Conclusions In HF, the occurrence of right to left IVS displacement appears worth of investigation, tightly contributing to a reduced CO response, and RV-PA uncoupling during exercise. These findings clearly point to the utility of assessing how therapeutic strategies may modulate the negative septum displacement and overall cardiac mechanics. RV colorimetric curvature map Septal curvature correlations

P-1995. A Nationwide Cohort Study of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Outcomes and Vaccine Effectiveness amongst Individuals with Chronic Heart Failure or Ischemic Heart Disease

Abstract Background Individuals with heart failure (HF) / ischemic heart disease (IHD) have poorer outcomes following respiratory viral infections; however, data is lacking on outcomes and Vaccine Effectiveness (VEs) following SARS-CoV-2 infection with newer COVID variants. Methods Outcomes of Delta/Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly vaccinated/boosted cohort of adult Singaporeans with HF/IHD were contrasted against matched population controls. Matching was conducted based on age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. Cox regressions were used to compare risk of infection, COVID-19-related hospitalisations and severe COVID-19 disease and estimate VEs. Results 15,426 HF patients and 110,442 IHD patients were matched to 41,221 and 223,843 population controls, respectively. Compared with controls, higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and severe disease was observed amongst HF cases during Delta (hospitalisation: adjusted-hazards-ratio, aHR=1.40[1.20-1.62]; severe-COVID-19: aHR=1.66[1.28-2.14]) and Omicron (hospitalisation: aHR=1.77[1.65-1.90]; severe-COVID-19: aHR=2.40[2.10-2.75]). Higher risks were also observed for infected IHD patients, albeit to a smaller extent (Omicron, hospitalization: aHR=1.21[1.17-1.26]; severe-COVID-19: aHR=1.12[1.03-1.21]). During both Delta and Omicron waves, the risk of COVID-19-related infection, hospitalisation and severe disease was significantly lower in boosted groups compared against those who had only received 2 doses. VEs were comparable with controls for IHD, with lower effectiveness observed against hospitalisation amongst HF patients (3 doses aHR=0.42[0.37-0.48]; 4 doses aHR=0.28[0.23-0.34]) compared to controls (3 doses: aHR=0.28[0.23-0.34]; 4 doses: aHR=0.18[0.16-0.22]). Conclusion Higher risks of severe COVID and comparable VEs suggest that it is more cost effective to boost IHD/HF patients. Lower VEs amongst HF patients point to the need for more boosters to achieve similar rates of protection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Fungal planktonic community related to salinity and temperature in an oligotrophic sea

Marine fungi play a crucial role in carbon cycling and food webs by acting as saprophytes or parasites and shaping host communities. However, our knowledge of these fungi in the marine ecosystem remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a study to investigate the diversity of planktonic fungal communities in the Red Sea, a warm and oligotrophic sea. We collected water samples from the photic layer at six sites along the Red Sea basin and analyzed the fungal community by targeting the 28S rRNA gene. Our results showed that Chytridiomycota dominated these communities, accounting for 85% of reads, followed by members of the divisions Basidiomycota (4.7%) and Cryptomycota (4.13%). Interestingly, we found that fungal communities did not exhibit significant changes with depth or chlorophyll concentration. However, they did vary with the latitudinal gradient in environmental conditions, which is characterized by high temperature (ranging from 22.3 to 27.0°C) and salinity (ranging from 38.0 to 40.4 PSU). Specifically, the proportions of Chytridomycetes and Neocallimastigomycetes (the two dominant classes of Chytridiomycota) were negatively correlated between themselves. Chytridomycetes exhibited a negative correlation with temperature (R2 = 0.60, p = 0.0028) and a positive correlation with salinity (R2 = 0.49, p = 0.010), being more abundant in the northern Red Sea. Conversely, Neocallimastigomycetes showed an increase in abundance with increasing temperature (R2 = 0.61, p = 0.0026) and a decrease with increasing salinity (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.026), making them more prevalent in the southern Red Sea. Overall, our study described a differential distribution of the most dominant fungal classes, with potential significance in their control of planktonic populations and consequent influence in the carbon cycle in the Red Sea ecosystem. These findings underscore the importance of further research to better understand the role of marine fungi in ecosystem functioning.

An examination of noun and verb naming differences in aphasia: effects of lesion site, aphasia type and the use of static or dynamic stimuli

ABSTRACT Background Anomia has been extensively researched within the aphasia literature and a dissociation in naming nouns and verbs has been used in diagnostic classifications and related to lesion location. However, there is evidence that action naming is more difficult for many clinical populations as well as for healthy speakers. Confrontation naming tests have often been used to evaluate anomia, but static depiction has been considered a potential source of error in evaluations of verb naming, since actions are dynamic. Aims The first aim of this study was to examine the ability to name objects and actions in a stroke population and non-brain damaged controls and to explore naming ability in relation to lesion location and aphasia type (fluent or non-fluent). A second aim was to determine if action naming is facilitated by using dynamic rather than static stimuli. Methods & Procedures A cross-sectional study was carried out, where 19 participants with aphasia after stroke and 19 matched controls were included. Type of aphasia was based on connected speech samples. Naming performance was compared on two Swedish naming tests consisting of line drawings of high frequency nouns and verbs respectively, and a subset of action pictures was compared to a test using video depictions of actions as verb stimuli. Outcomes & Results There was a significant difference between nouns and verbs in 11 of 19 participants with aphasia. Only one participant, with a temporo-occipital lesion, had a substantial noun-verb difference (≥30%). Individual results showed some agreement with the fluent-nonfluent classification. However, at group level, there was no significant difference between scores on action and object naming for participants with aphasia. While only the control group achieved significantly higher scores on object than action naming, response latencies were longer for action than object naming for both groups. There was no difference in action naming performance that could be related to the use of dynamic or static stimuli. Conclusions The results suggest that a dissociation in naming nouns and verbs is common in aphasia. This finding underscores the importance of testing action as well as object naming. Even though there was some agreement with aphasia type, the relationship between noun-verb dissociation, lesion location and aphasia type is not straight forward. The study adds to previous findings suggesting that action naming is more difficult than object naming. The question whether action naming is facilitated by using dynamic stimuli needs to be further investigated.

P-1403. Measuring Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic using Novel EPII Survey on PLWH in New Orleans

Abstract Background Research has shown that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic stretch beyond solely physical health. This study uses the newly developed Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII), a 92-item tool designed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 pandemic across several personal and social domains. People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and are overall more vulnerable to social change. The current study uses the EPII to compare pandemic-related experiences of PLWH to those without HIV in New Orleans. Methods The Tulane University COVID-19 Antibody and Immunity Network (TUCAIN) maintains a longitudinal cohort of PLWH who provide clinical data and biological specimens for studies on the immune response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination. For the current study, participants were asked to complete the EPII assessing their perception of the pandemic. Participants were invited to complete the survey in person or via phone with a study coordinator. Responses from participants ≥18 years old who completed the survey were reviewed. Survey responses were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Both the PLWH (N=54) and control group (N=220) were similar in age; however, the PLWH subset was predominantly male and more racially diverse. PLWH reported more severe impacts of pandemic such as food insecurity (χ2=15.9; df=1; p&amp;lt; 0.01) and loss of employment (χ2=26.9; df=1; p&amp;lt; 0.01) and housing (χ2=6.6; df=1; p=0.01). PLWH reported more interruptions in medical care (χ2=12.6; df=1; p&amp;lt; 0.01) and more health problems unrelated to COVID-19 (χ2=7.2; df=1; p&amp;lt; 0.01). The PLWH subset was also less likely overall to report positive impacts of the pandemic (i.e. increased quality time with loved ones) compared to control group. Conclusion Results indicate that the HIV cohort reported greater rates of financial and health ramifications of the pandemic relative to control population. This study further reinforces the notion that this population was more susceptible to the socioeconomic turmoil of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results from this study will help to refine EPII as a survey tool for use in future pandemics and more precisely identify domains of social impact that affect the PLWH population the most. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Papilio xuthus

The Papilio xuthus is a widely distributed species in the genus Papilio of the family Papilionidae, possessing ecological, ornamental, and socio-economic service values. To determine the ecological role of P. xuthus and assess its population distribution under future climate change scenarios, this study utilized the MaxEnt model to predict the geographic distribution of P. xuthus in the future and evaluate its population dynamics. The results indicated that P. xuthus is currently widely distributed in East Asia, with a high suitability area of 1827.83 × 103 km2, primarily in China, Japan, North Korea, and South Korea. Climate change has a significant impact on the geographic distribution of P. xuthus, with its high suitability areas decreasing in the future, particularly within China, where the change is projected to be as high as 46.46% under the SSP126 scenario by the 2050s. The centroid of its high-suitability area is expected to shift northeastward. Key environmental variable analysis revealed that Temperature Seasonality, Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of the Wettest Month, and Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter are critical factors influencing the selection of suitable habitats by P. xuthus. This study assessed the distribution of P. xuthus and provided conservation recommendations, offering a reference for future population control and conservation efforts.

Conversation with Zygmunt Bauman: Terrorism and the legitimacy of power

In September 2010, two Polish scholars, Slawomir Czapnik and Tomasz Krawczyk, conducted an interview with Zygmunt Bauman while being hosted at his home in Leeds. The conversation in Polish was recorded, but the recording files were – it seemed irrevocably – accidentally deleted. It was not until 2023 that Slawomir Czapnik found the audio files and decided to publish the conversation, having translated it into English. It provides a better understanding of the views of arguably one of the most eminent – albeit hugely controversial – contemporary sociologists in the world, who died in 2017. On the one hand, the conversation is a document of its time, of the turn of the first and second decades of the 21st century and of the international realities of the so-called ‘war on terror’, but on the other hand it raises questions that are still relevant today about the legitimacy of political power in the modern world. It shows the shift from a concern with ‘security’ (the domain of social security, characteristic of the welfare state and solid modernity) to ‘safety’ (the domain of personal security, characteristic of the neoliberal, liquid phase of modernity). Bauman's reflections are extremely valuable today, because now – after the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's aggression against Ukraine, the rise of tensions in the Middle East and the rise of the populist right in the world – there are the issues of international problems, the weakening of the nation-state and inability to solve global issues (including such basic ones as security) locally. The response of an increasingly vulnerable state is to intensify surveillance, a mechanism for population control. Bauman also draws attention to the extremely momentous issue of the just society and the fight against injustice. For Bauman, the sociological imagination must delve into how power works and what are its consequences for freedom and moral responsibility.

Healthcare use is elevated two decades before a first demyelinating event and differs by age and sex.

Elevated healthcare use before multiple sclerosis (MS) onset suggests earlier opportunity to identify MS. Yet their timing and sociodemographic effects are unclear. We examined rates of healthcare use (and by age/sex) for >two decades pre-MS onset. We identified people with MS (PwMS) using administrative data from Canada (Ontario) and Sweden (1991-2020) ("administrative" cohort), and the Swedish MS Registry ("clinical" cohort). The first MS/demyelinating diagnostic code (administrative) or symptom onset (clinical) defined MS onset. We compared annual rates of healthcare use (hospital, physician, and emergency-room [ED]) pre-onset between PwMS and up to five matched population controls using negative binomial regression, and by age/sex. The administrative cohort = 35,018/136,007 PwMS/controls (Ontario), and 10,269/51,297 (Sweden). Rates of healthcare use were higher for PwMS than controls up to 28 (of 29) years (Ontario) and up to 15 (of 19) years (Sweden) pre-onset. Annual healthcare use rose steadily as onset approached, particularly escalating 7 years pre-onset in Ontario (e.g., hospital visit rate ratios [RRs] exceeded 1.30), and 6 years in Sweden (physician visit RRs > 1.10). RRs peaked the year pre-onset (ED visits [Ontario] = 3.04; 95% CI: 2.94-3.13, physician visits [Sweden] = 2.51; 95% CI: 2.44-2.59). In the year pre-onset, RRs were disproportionately higher for males (ED RRs [Ontario] = 3.30; 95% CI: 3.13-3.48 vs. females = 2.90; 95% CI: 2.79-3.02), and dropped steadily by age (physician visit RRs [Sweden] = 2.61/2.27/1.97/1.72 for 50/40/30/20-year-olds). The smaller clinical cohort (7604/37,974 PwMS/controls) exhibited similar patterns, albeit more modest, with RRs elevated up to 5 years pre-onset (physician visit RR [year-5] = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.14; RR [year-1] = 1.39;1.33-1.46). Higher healthcare use was evident decades before MS onset, escalating 6-7 years pre-onset, peaking the year before, being disproportionately higher for males and older PwMS.

Genetic diversity of murine norovirus associated with ethanol sensitivity

RNA viruses have high genetic diversity, allowing rapid adaptation to environmental pressures, such as disinfection. This diversity increases the likelihood of mutations influencing the viral sensitivity to disinfectants. Ethanol is widely used to control viral transmission; however, insufficient disinfection facilitates the survival of less-sensitive viruses. Further, the underlying mechanisms of ethanol-induced changes in viral sensitivity remain unclear. Here, we assessed the genetic characteristics of ethanol-adapted murine norovirus (MNV) and associated changes in viral sensitivity. Experimental ethanol-facilitated MNV adaptation and subsequent genetic characteristic evaluation of the whole genome sequence was performed. MNV was exposed to 70% ethanol for 5 s to achieve ± 3-log10 inactivation. Twelve MNV populations were identified as “less sensitive,” consisting of nine treated and three control populations. Less-sensitive MNV populations exhibited significantly higher synonymous nucleotide diversity (πS) in ORF1 (p = 0.001), which encodes the non-structural protein, than sensitive populations. Ethanol sensitivity and πS were negatively correlated in ORF1 (R = − 0.49, p = 0.003), indicating that high genetic diversity in ORF1 could be linked to reduced ethanol sensitivity. This study demonstrates an association between nucleotide diversity in specific coding regions of the MNV genome and ethanol sensitivity. These findings are vital for improving disinfection methods and anticipating emerging viruses that are more resistant to disinfectants.Key points• Several MNV populations reduced sensitivity to ethanol.• Higher synonymous diversity in ORF1 linked to reduced ethanol sensitivity.• Synonymous mutations can influence viral adaptation to ethanol.

Dancing towards speech improvement: Repurposing dance for motor speech deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.

Dance or rhythmic movement-based training has demonstrated significant efficacy in addressing a range of motor and cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Leveraging both human and non-human animal behavioral and neurobiological evidence, I hypothesize a possible untapped role of dance training in mitigating impairments in the motor control of speech, a complex sensorimotor behavior affected in these conditions. Here, this hypothesis is supported by an in-depth examination of motor speech deficits in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, at a behavioral, physiological, and neural level. Additionally, literature on the impact of dance training on behaviors and brain pathways possibly relevant to speech motor control in populations with neurodegenerative diseases is thoroughly reviewed. Synthesizing these findings, I propose repurposing dance as a novel treatment for motor speech deficits and outline specific experiments to test this hypothesis. By comprehensively investigating the full spectrum of the effects of a motor-based training, i.e., dance, on often overlooked motor-based behaviors, such as speech, we may uncover novel therapeutic avenues of a practice that has already shown promising implications.