Population Migration Patterns Research Articles

Cultural Ties of the Croatian and Slovene Population in the Wider Area of Čabar: A Historical Overview in Contemporary Perspective

Abstract The paper discusses the impact of recent socio-economic and geopolitical changes on cultural ties and ethnic identity formation in the wider area of Čabar, Croatia. It emphasises the importance of understanding the historical context of cross-border relations in this geographically peripheral border region. To assess the specific position of relative isolation, a robust interdis- ciplinary methodological approach was used, combining the analysis of historical documents, registry books, and population censuses with qualitative methodology like in-depth semistructured interviews with local residents. To assess the specific local interrelations, the patterns of population migration and cross-border marriages (presented in the appendix) were reconstructed and exa-mined. Changes that occurred after the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the establishment of new independent states shed new light on how the local populace reproduced their identity.

Identification and Analysis of Peak Population Migration Patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Complex Network Theory

Abstract. As a vital economic and population agglomeration area in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has attracted considerable attention regarding population migration issues. Population migration not only directly affects the population size and structure of cities within the region but also has profound implications for economic development, social stability, and urban planning. This study extends the analysis to the "Spring Festival Travel Rush" period, using population migration data from January to March in the years 2020 to 2022 as the basis. By employing complex network theory and relevant statistical indicators, the study explores the peak period population migration patterns and their variations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The research firstly identifies significant changes in population migration patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region around 2021 and analyzes the changing patterns. Secondly, network statistical indicators indicate hierarchical population migration patterns based on city tiers. Furthermore, cities with unique migration patterns are identified. Finally, based on an in-depth exploration of population migration patterns and their variations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the study provides suggestions and prospects for future urban planning and development, offering important references for addressing the challenges posed by population migration in the region.

Spatial heterogeneity analysis of biased land resource supply policies on housing prices and innovation efficiency

To rationally allocate land resources, the government has formulated biased land resource supply policies. However, this policy will promote the fluctuation of regional housing prices, thereby affecting regional innovation efficiency. To elucidate the intrinsic logical relationship among these factors, this study investigates the influence of biased land resource supply policies on housing prices and innovation across 31 Chinese provinces over a 16-year period. It places particular emphasis on probing into the spatial disparities in this impact. The innovation of this paper lies in the development of a theoretical analysis model, which creatively utilizes the regional land supply status as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity problem. At the same time, a double robustness test was conducted by substituting the explanatory variables and employing the fixed effects model. The results of the TSLS regression indicate: (1) The land resource supply policy, which prioritizes the central and western regions, has resulted in an increase in housing prices across the majority of regions in China, with the eastern region experiencing a more rapid rise compared to the central and western regions. (2) The accelerated growth of housing prices in the eastern region is likely to exert a more pronounced inhibitory effect on innovation compared to the central and western regions. In summary, China’s land resource supply policy, which favors the central and western regions, has exacerbated the rise in housing prices in the eastern region, and rising housing prices will inhibit the innovation efficiency of the region. Hence, it is imperative for the government to continuously optimize and adjust land resource supply policies, ensuring their alignment with population migration patterns, stabilizing the real estate market, while also considering the innovation efficiency of regional development.

Ontogeny of migration destination, route and timing in a partially migratory bird.

In migratory animals, the developmental period from inexperienced juveniles to breeding adults could be a key life stage in shaping population migration patterns. Nevertheless, the development of migration routines in early life remains underexplored. While age-related changes in migration routes and timing have been described in obligate migrants, most investigations into the ontogeny of partial migrants only focused on age-dependency of migration as a binary tactic (migrant or resident), and variations in routes and timing among individuals classified as 'migrants' is rarely considered. To fill this gap, we study the ontogeny of migration destination, route and timing in a partially migratory red kite (Milvus milvus) population. Using an extensive GPS-tracking dataset (292 fledglings and 38 adults, with 1-5 migrations tracked per individual), we studied how nine different migration characteristics changed with age and breeding status in migrant individuals, many of which become resident later in life. Individuals departed later from and arrived earlier at the breeding areas as they aged, resulting in a gradual prolongation of stay in the breeding area by 2 months from the first to the fifth migration. Individuals delayed southward migration in the year prior to territory acquirement, and they further delayed it after occupying a territory. Migration routes became more direct with age. Individuals were highly faithful to their wintering site. Migration distance shortened only slightly with age and was more similar among siblings than among unrelated individuals. The large gradual changes in northward and southward migrations suggest a high degree of plasticity in temporal characteristics during the developmental window. However, the high wintering site fidelity points towards large benefits of site familiarity, prompting spatial migratory plasticity to be expressed through a switch to residency. The contrasting patterns of trajectories of age-related changes between spatial and temporal migration characteristics might reflect different mechanisms underlying the expression of plasticity. Investigating such patterns among species along the entire spectrum of migration tactics would enable further understanding of the plastic responses exhibited by migratory species to rapid environmental changes.

Epidemiology of ABO and rhesus blood groups in blood donors at a North Indian tertiary care hospital

ABSTRACT Background: The ABO blood type system has been the most crucial in transfusion medicine since it is discovered by Karl Landsteiner. Studies of population migration patterns and the resolution of certain medicolegal problems, especially those involving disputed paternity, highlight the significance of the blood group systems in population genetics. The purpose of this research was to collect information on the ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood type frequencies and distributions among donors in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from January 2018 to June 2023 of donors and analyzed sequentially for their ABO and Rh blood groups. Donor blood groups were determined using test tube and column agglutination techniques, with forward and reverse methods, with the aid of widely available standard monoclonal antisera. Results: The findings showed that blood group B (38%) was the most frequent among donors, followed by O (28%) and A (23%). The blood group with the lowest frequency was AB (11%). The majority of donors were Rh-positive (93.9%). About 6.1% of the population were negative for the Rh factor. Conclusion: It was observed that the most prevalent blood group throughout the entire duration of the study, among both males and females, was B, accounting for 37.80% of the population. The prevalence of RhD-negative in the population was shown to be only 6.10%. Based on the findings of the current investigation and previous relevant studies, it can be deduced that the B blood group exhibits the highest prevalence rates within the examined region, followed by blood groups O (30.73%), A (23.20%), and AB (10.90%). This project will provide valuable insights for the effective management of blood bank and transfusion services, as well as the maintenance of comprehensive donor records for future utilization.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Development

On December 29, 2019, the first cluster of COVID-19 patients was reported from Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 epidemic has since affected China. This essay mostly compiles and evaluates web data as well as certain articles. This essay examines the effects of the new coronavirus outbreak on several businesses and government responses. In the meantime, this article uses China as its main example to examine how the Chinese government manages the pandemic and prevents recurrent and significant negative effects on the economy and public health. Wechat and Sina Weibo, among other social media platforms, have been crucial in spreading government information and advancing public welfare during the epidemic. Contact tracing and population movement patterns are made possible by technology. Medical staff have been efficiently mobilized by the Chinese central government. Population migration patterns and contact tracing are made possible by technology. Wuhan has benefited from the effective mobilization of medical professionals, supplies, and other resources by the Chinese central government. Fiscal initiatives, such as specialized loans, extended tax breaks, and reduced tax rates, have been used by both the federal and municipal governments to boost the economy. China's economy nevertheless suffered greatly, particularly during the blockade.

Moving to a healthier city? An analysis from China's internal population migration.

A healthy urban environment is considered as an important issue for the amenity and equity of migrants. China has one of the largest internal population movements in the world, and the environmental health of its migrants becomes a growing concern. Based on the 1‰ microdata from the 2015 1% population sample survey, this study uses the spatial visualization and spatial econometric interaction model to reveal intercity population migration patterns and the role of environmental health in China. The results are as follows. First, the main direction of population migration is toward economically developed high class cities, especially the eastern coast where the intercity population migration is most active. However, these major destinations are not necessarily the healthiest areas for the environment. Second, environmentally friendly cities are mainly located in the southern region. Among them, the areas with less serious atmospheric pollution are mainly distributed in the south, climate comfort zones are mainly located in the southeastern region, but areas with more urban green space are mainly distributed in the northwestern region. Third, compared with socioeconomic factors, environmental health factors have not yet become a major driver of population migration. Migrants often place higher value on income than on environmental health. The government should focus not only on the public service wellbeing of migrant workers, but also on their environmental health vulnerability.

Agar-Based Disc Diffusion Assay for Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes in the Rajshahi Region

Background: Dermatophytosis is considered one of the most common public health problems in the world and is the most commonly diagnosed skin disease in Bangladesh. The prevalence and types of dermatophyte infections vary with climate conditions, age, lifestyle, and population migration patterns. Depending upon the anatomical site of the lesion, dermatophytes are classified into different varieties. Objective: To isolate dermatophytes and their antifungal susceptibility pattern by agar-based disc diffusion method in the Rajshahi region.
 Materials and Methods: Clinical samples (e.g., skin scrapings, nail clipping, and hair plucking) were collected under aseptic precautions. The identification of dermatophytes was performed through a microscopic examination using 10% KOH mount, mycological culture, and species identification by lactophenol cotton blue mount from culture. In addition, all dermatophytes isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing using the agar-based disc diffusion method.
 Results: Out of 171 samples, Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant dermatophyte species with 76(71.7%), followed by T.mentagrophyte were 15(14.2%), E. floccosum were 12(11.3%), and M. canis were 03(2.8%). Voriconazole and Itraconazole were more effective drugs. Griseofulvin was the least effective drug, followed by Fluconazole.
 Conclusion: Despite several treatment options being available for cutaneous fungal infections, Due to the increasing trend of antifungal drug resistance among dermatophytes, treatment should be based on antifungal sensitivity testing. The disc diffusion method is a simple and valuable method for the evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes.
 TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 99-106

An ensemble method to generate high-resolution gridded population data for China from digital footprint and ancillary geospatial data

Fine-scale population datasets are essential to many health and development applications. Quite a few population estimate approaches have been proposed and multiple gridded population datasets have been produced. However, it is still a challenge to accurately estimate daily and even hourly population dynamics. In this study, we present an ensemble learning approach to tackle the challenge through integrating a digital footprint dataset and multiple geospatial ancillary datasets to estimate population dynamics. More specifically, we used the geographically weighted regression model to integrate two aspatial tree-based learning models and generated preliminary hourly and daily gridded population estimates. We then adjusted the fine-scale population estimates based on the county-level estimates and their nonlinear relationship with the grid-level covariates. After sufficient model training and parameter tuning, we produced a series 0.01-degree gridded population maps (FinePop) of China for 2018, including a nationwide daily-average map and provincial hourly-average maps. The FinePop is more accurate than the WorldPop and LandScan datasets, as suggested by the highest R2 (0.72) obtained from the comparison against township-level population census data. The root mean squared error of the township population density estimates for FinePop, WorldPop, and LandScan are 3162, 3327, and 3423, respectively. The FinePop also shows its advantages in unraveling transportation networks and the diurnal-nocturnal population migration patterns in both small and large cities.

Evaluation of students' views on teaching the subject of migration through distance education in Kazakhstan geography course

The aim of this study is to determine the important and methodological aspect of examining the population migration patterns of distance education and university students' geography course. 420 university students who continue their education in Kazakhstan participated in the research in the spring term of 2020-2021. Scanning method was used in the research. In the research, a measurement tool called the general opinion measurement tool for the geography lesson, which was developed by the researchers and collected by taking expert opinion in the field of geography, was used. In the research, a 4-week online seminar was organized to increase the views of university students about the geography lesson, and training was given over Microsoft Teams, the interview form was collected with electronic forms after the seminar. The collected data were analyzed using spss program. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that university students' inclination to geography course is higher than male students, university students are familiar with the system for 1-3 years, their inclination to distance education systems is high and population migration patterns are learned well with this system.
 Keywords: University Student, Distance Education, Geography ,Lesson, Kazakhstan;

Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of human migration networks in China during COVID-19

The social lockdowns and strict control measures initiated to combat the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on human migration. In this study, big data was used to analyze spatial patterns of population migration in 369 Chinese cities during the COVID-19 outbreak and to identify determinants of population migration. We found that the overall migration intensity decreased by 39.87% compared to the same period in 2019 prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19 severely affected human migration. The public holidays and weekends have impacted human migration from the perspective of time scale. The spatial pattern of China's population distribution presents a diamond structure that is dense in the east and sparse in the west, which is bounded by the Hu line and the cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu as nodes to connect. There is a strong consistency between the population distribution center and the level of urban development. The urban human migration network is centered on provincial capitals or municipalities at the regional scale, showing a prominent "center-periphery" structure. COVID-19 dispersed the forces of human migration in time and changed the direction of human migration in space. But it did not change the pattern of national migration. The most critical factors influencing mass migration are income levels and traditional culture. This study reveals the impacts of major public health emergencies on conventional migration patterns and provides a scientific theoretical reference for COVID-19 prevention and control.

Intercity Population Migration Conditioned by City Industry Structures

One of the key concerns in geographical and social sciences is to analyze and predict population migration due to its close association with urban planning, industrial upgrade, and urban development. Although the most prevailing framework, the gravity model, has been applied in its various versions, there is little information available about how city industry structure functions as the invisible distance in the modeling of intercity population migration. Here, we introduce a family of improved gravity models by considering city industry structure proximity, complementarity, and diversities. The resulting models predict population migration patterns in good agreement with the flows observed. Our best model (GM_COM) outperforms the benchmark model (GM_O) by 24.6 percent in terms of mean absolute percentage error. Further analysis shows the improved models offer several advantages with respect to the base models. They have better prediction accuracies for flows with high intensities and long distances. The best model demonstrates obvious improvement when flows occur in eastern China. Given the significant improvement of the proposed models, this study broadens existing research by absorbing city industry structure features into the gravity model and deepens our understanding in the population migration as a function of distance.

ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS WITH BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON CADAVER SELECTION IN THE POST COVID ERA: A STUDY AMONG BLOOD DONORS OF KOLKATA

Introduction: Blood group antigens play a vital role in transfusion safety, understanding genetics, inheritance pattern, researching population migration patterns, as well as resolving certain medico-legal issues Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and Syphilis infections in blood donors referred to Blood Bank of Calcutta National Medical College and to determine any association between blood groups and blood borne infections and their impact on procurement and dissection of dead bodies. Methods: An observational study with cross sectional design of data collection was conducted in the Blood Bank of Calcutta Nation Medical College for a period of three months. All of the eligible donor serum samples were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis. Test result of the collected blood was noted and tabulated in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20 software. Chi-square test was performed for Qualitative comparison. Result:Total number of HIV, HbS Ag, Anti HCV, VDRL, MP positive cases were 16 (1.54%), 51(4.92%), 18(1.74%), 28(2.7%), 30(2.9%) respectively. 56.2% HIV positive cases were in the age group of 18-30 and 87.5% HIV positive cases were male.3.9% of HbS Ag positive cases, 10.7% VDRL positive cases, 3.3% MP positive cases were also HIV Positive. Signicant correlation was obtained HIV & VDRL and VDRL & anti HCV Conclusion: Hepatitis C was highest among the study population and signicant correlation was present between Syphilis and HIV or Hepatitis C. In the background of novel emergent diseases with spread via body uids, such information on blood borne infections may help us to formulate future guidelines on cadaver dissection.

Back to the Countryside: Rural Development and the Spatial Patterns of Population Migration in Zhejiang, China

This study examines how rural development in China shapes new trends in population migration. Using first-hand, village-level data from Zhejiang—an economically developed province in China—we investigated the patterns and influencing factors of population migration between rural and urban areas. We conceptualized three types of migration in rural areas: rural out-migration, rural in-migration, and rural return-migration. First-hand data were collected from 347 villages. The results show that although rural out-migration remains the dominant form of migration, rural in-migration and return-migration are also common, and the latter two are positively correlated. Further, we found evidence to support the conclusion that rural economic, social, and spatial development encourages rural in-migration and return-migration but does not have a significant impact on rural out-migration. Therefore, it is foreseeable that rural in-migration and return-migration will become increasingly common in China.

Exploring the rich-club characteristic in internal migration: Evidence from Chinese Chunyun migration

Regional development differences are universal economic development process problems of countries around the world. Unbalanced development theories have been used to interpret population migration; conversely, population migration patterns can also reflect unbalanced regional development. Inspired by the growth pole and pole-axis theories, we infer that a rich-club phenomenon in internal migration caused by unbalanced regional development exists. We propose a progressive methodological framework combining complex network science and geographic information science applied to Chinese Chunyun migration to empirically research this potential rich-club phenomenon in an intercity population migration network and investigate the functions of prominent cities in intra/interregional migration. We use the global rich-club coefficient to examine whether the rich-club phenomenon exists in the population migration network. Then, the community detection method and assortativity coefficient are applied to further understand the connections between cities. Finally, the influence and functions of prominent cities are explored from multiple perspectives and scales. The results indicate that the rich-club phenomenon existed in intercity migration during the Chinese Chunyun period and presents the positive role of rich-club cities in intra/interregional migration. An imbalance in urban and regional development is also found. This paper can be used to guide urban planning, transportation planning, and population research.

Population migration across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors

Developing a comprehensive understanding of inter-city interactions is crucial for regional planning. We therefore examined spatiotemporal patterns of population migration across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) using migration big data from Tencent for the period between 2015 and 2019. We initially used decomposition and breakpoint detection methods to examine time-series migration data and to identify the two seasons with the strongest and weakest population migration levels, between June 18th and August 18th and between October 8th and February 15th, respectively. Population migration within the former period was 2.03 times that seen in the latter. We then used a variety of network analysis methods to examine population flow directions as well as the importance of each individual city in migration. The two capital cities on the QTP, Lhasa and Xining, form centers for population migration and are also transfer hubs through which migrants from other cities off the plateau enter and leave this region. Data show that these two cities contribute more than 35% of total population migration. The majority of migrants tend to move within the province, particularly during the weakest migration season. We also utilized interactive relationship force and radiation models to examine the interaction strength and the radiating energy of each individual city. Results show that Lhasa and Xining exhibit the strongest interactions with other cities and have the largest radiating energies. Indeed, the radiating energy of the QTP cities correlates with their gross domestic product (GDP) (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.754 in the weakest migration season, WMS versus 0.737 in the strongest migration season, SMS), while changes in radiating energy correlate with the tourism-related revenue (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.685). These outcomes suggest that level of economic development and level of tourism are the two most important factors driving the QTP population migration. The results of this analysis provide critical clarification guidance regarding huge QTP development differences.

Abstract IA43: Breast cancer and African ancestry

Abstract Variation in cancer incidence and outcome has well-documented correlations with racial-ethnic identity. In the United States, the possible genetic/ancestral hereditary explanations for these associations are confounded by socioeconomic, cultural, and lifestyle patterns. Differences in the breast cancer burden of African American (AA) compared to European/Caucasian (White) American (WA) women represent one of the most notable examples of disparities in oncology related to racial-ethnic identity. Elucidating the etiology of these associations is imperative in achieving the promise of the precision medicine initiatives. Population-based breast cancer mortality rates have been higher for AA compared to WA women since the early 1980s, likely reflecting declines in mortality among WA related to the advent of endocrine therapy, which is less effective in AA women because of the higher prevalence of estrogen receptor-negative disease. The increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer in AA women as well as western, sub-Saharan African women compared to WA, European, and east African women furthermore suggests that selected components of African ancestry are associated with hereditary susceptibility for specific patterns of mammary carcinogenesis. Oncologic anthropology represents a transdisciplinary field of research that can combine the expertise of population geneticists, translational oncologists, and behavioral scientists to elucidate breast cancer disparities related to racial-ethnic identity and to advance knowledge related to the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. This presentation will review associations between triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer and African ancestry, with a proposed mechanism based upon hereditary and population migration patterns. Citation Format: Lisa A. Newman. Breast cancer and African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA43.

Analysis of the driving factors of U.S. domestic population mobility

There is a popular supposition that domestic population mobility in the United States has been steadily decreasing since the 1980s. However, some scholars believe the declining rate of American internal migration seems to have ‘slowed down’ obviously from 2007. This debate prompts us to quantitatively analyze the possible changes in migration patterns and the mechanisms of domestic population mobility. First, using empirical data of state-to-state migration, the paper quantifies American internal mobility and the evolution of migration patterns for the period from 2005–2015. Regional income disparities cannot explain the change in population migration patterns in the United States well. Then, the mobility barriers are estimated by an extended multilateral migration model that reveals a marked decrease in regional migration costs and an increase in individual rational choices, which are the critical factors in the structural changes in the migration pattern. Subsequently, we deconstruct the mobility barriers and indicate that in recent years, the human and natural environments had a great impact on population movement in the United States, such as the human development index, education grade, climate, cost of living index, house price index, and crime rate.

Forecasting Internally Displaced Population Migration Patterns in Syria and Yemen.

Armed conflict has contributed to an unprecedented number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), individuals who are forced out of their homes but remain within their country. IDPs often urgently require shelter, food, and healthcare, yet prediction of when IDPs will migrate to an area remains a major challenge for aid delivery organizations. We sought to develop an IDP migration forecasting framework that could empower humanitarian aid groups to more effectively allocate resources during conflicts. We modeled monthly IDP migration between provinces within Syria and within Yemen using data on food prices, fuel prices, wages, location, time, and conflict reports. We compared machine learning methods with baseline persistence methods of forecasting. We found a machine learning approach that more accurately forecast migration trends than baseline persistence methods. A random forest model outperformed the best persistence model in terms of root mean square error of log migration by 26% and 17% for the Syria and Yemen datasets, respectively. Integrating diverse data sources into a machine learning model appears to improve IDP migration prediction. Further work should examine whether implementation of such models can enable proactive aid allocation for IDPs in anticipation of forecast arrivals.

Distribution of strontium isotopes in river waters across the Tarim Basin: a map for migration studies

As the junction of the Silk Roads, the Tarim Basin played a critical role in human migration and cultural interaction between the East and the West. Recently, population migration patterns have been increasingly reconstructed from strontium isotope ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in archaeological human skeletons, and further constraints on their provenance require a bioavailable 87 Sr/ 86 Sr map across the basin. Based on measurement data from 44 river samples in this study and 29 samples from published data, we generate the first map of bioavailable 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values across the Tarim Basin and the neighbouring area. From the baseline map, three geologically distinct regions can be identified: (1) the Yili Block, Tian Shan orogenic belt and northern Tarim Block with lower ratios (0.7105 ± 0.0007 (1σ), n = 25); (2) the southern Tarim Block with higher ratios (0.7118 ± 0.0008, n = 29); and (3) the eastern Pamir Block with diverse values (0.7110 ± 0.0009, n = 19). This map is a promising tool for recognizing the origins of immigrants in the Tarim Basin and may aid understanding of the migration patterns and cultural communication along the Silk Roads.