Age Groups Of Population Research Articles

Prevalence of strabismus in different age groups in Macedonia

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of strabismus by age groups in Caucasian Macedonian population. Methods: A study population of 1900 patients (aged 0-86 years) from the capital city, Skopje, Macedonia, were analysed in a secondary health institution in the central urban area. Ophthalmological examination included: visual acuity, slit- lamp biomicroscopy, autorefraction, and ocular motility examination. Results: In our retrospective cohort (1900), 60 patients did have strabismus (3.2%). The highest prevalence of strabismus was in primary school children (10-14 years- 20.2 %; 0-4 years- 16.2 %; 15-19 years- 11.8% and 5-9 years- 8.6%). Our adult population showed results similar to Caucasian Danish population with prevalence of strabismus of 0.7% (age group 50-54 years) and 0.8 % (age group 55-59). The most frequently identified subtype was esotropia (73.3%), followed by exotropia (23.4%) and cyclovertical strabismus (3.3 %). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of strabismus on Macedonian cohort was 3.2%. Our results on primary school children are much higher than other studies on Caucasian and Asian population, but similar to prevalence in the population in Saudi Arabia. The most prevalent type of strabismus was esotropia (73.3%). Regarding gender distribution, both esotropia and exotropia were more frequent in males.

Assessing Dietary Exposure Risk to Food Preservatives Among the Eating-Out Population in Taiwan Using the Total Diet Study Method

In recent years, due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasingly hectic modern lifestyles that leave little time for home cooking, more and more people prefer to dine at food stands, restaurants, or supermarkets due to convenience. This type of people are often called the eating-out population. The general public may have a concept that most of the food items consumed by people eating out are first prepared for storage by vendors and are likely to contain more food preservatives. Excessive exposure to benzoic acid (BA), sorbic acid (SA), and dehydroacetic acid (DHA), which account for the highest number of violations of the amount of preservatives permitted in food, may cause potential human health risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the human health risks of consuming preservatives used in food among for Taiwanese people who eat out. We applied the total diet study (TDS) method to analyze the concentrations of BA, SA, and DHA in the food items frequently consumed when people dine outside. The hazard index in percent acceptable daily intake (%ADI) of BA and SA for four exposure groups classified by age were calculated. In high-intake consumers, the highest hazard index of BA was 2.5%ADI for the 6–9 years old age group of the eating-out population, which still fell within the acceptable risk range. In addition, the risk appeared to be decreasing year-on-year, which may be related to year-on-year improvements of the way food products are processed in the food industry.

Analysing the role of the perceptual dimension in the formation of the urban third place

Urban third places like parks, plazas, and cafes play a significant role in fostering social interaction, community engagement, and a sense of belonging in contemporary society, and this recognition is growing. It has been a subject of critical analysis across multiple disciplines and intellectual traditions. Although the term 'Third Place' has been the subject of considerable research for some time, a sensible investigation into the psychological needs of users broadens the study's scope, adding a new dimension to the research. This study's perceptual dimension focuses particularly on an individual's perceptions of the built environment of the urban third place. It deals with how people perceive and experience these places. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the perceptions that users generate in the formation of urban third places. Research begins with an understanding of this term and its significance in an urban environment. The theoretical approach interprets a perceptual dimension by analysing an individual's 'Sense of Place' in relation to the urban third place. A projective survey questionnaire further explores the concept. We decipher the qualitative observations of the survey using Nvivo, a software tool that supports both descriptive and inferential statistical inferences. The consideration of age versus the diverse perceptual needs of the users explains the interrelationship while making it convenient for the statistical analysis of the study's observations. As a result, this research examines the significance of associations, identifies dominant perceptions, and analyses the possible patterns of the same across the identified age groups of the sample population. A statistical analysis of these observations offers insights to designers, planners, and policymakers in terms of prioritising users' experiences, needs, and preferences, i.e., sense of place, to accommodate the contemporary needs of the users in the practice of urban design at the human scale.

Correlation between paraspinal muscle fat infiltration and thoracic vertebral degeneration based on phantom-less QCT: a novel insight into thoracic vertebral degeneration.

This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between the degree of fat infiltration (FI) in thoracic paraspinal muscles and thoracic vertebral degeneration (TVD). This cross-sectional study comprised 474 patients who underwent standard thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans. The FI was quantified as the percentage of adipose tissues within the cross-sectional area of thoracic paraspinal muscles. Thoracic vertebra was assessed in terms of osteoporosis, ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), intervertebral disc calcification, intervertebral disc cavity, and facet joint osteoarthritis (FJO). Logistic regression, linear regression, subgroup, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were assessed to evaluate the association between FI and TVD. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that more severe FI was closely associated with more serious osteoporosis (P < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for only age, higher FI was significantly associated with nastier FJO (P < 0.05). In male patients, severe FI was greatly associated with worse osteoporosis (P < 0.05). In female patients, severe FI maintained close correlations with more severe osteoporosis and FJO (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in patients aged < 60 or ≥ 60 years, higher FI had a strong correlation with more severe osteoporosis (P < 0.001). In patients aged < 60 years, higher FI was associated with worse intervertebral disc calcification, OALL, and FJO (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, in patients aged ≥ 60 years, increased FI was only associated with severe OPLL (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression showed that FI negatively correlated with bone mineral density in the general population and different sex and age groups (P < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that FI could predict the occurrence of TVD (P < 0.05). Higher FI is associated with more severe TVD. Studies on TVD are currently limited; therefore, this study enriches the related research on TVD, and our findings would facilitate the early prediction and diagnosis of TVD in clinical practice. Furthermore, our findings indicate that thoracic spine pain (TSP) caused by TVD can be prevented, potentially improving the prognosis of patients with TSP.

The impact of the live broadcast of Stromae's song L'enfer on social media publications, calls to the national helpline, and suicide attempt rates in France.

On January 9, 2022, Belgian pop singer Stromae performed his new hit "L'enfer" live on French TV. The song addresses his personal struggles with suicidal ideation. To evaluate the impact of Stromae's performance, we modeled the evolution of hospital admission rates for suicide attempts (SAs) in France, calls to the national suicide prevention helpline (3114), and Twitter publications mentioning the singer or the helpline. We employed the Gombay test to identify change points within each time series. We identified a significant increase in mean SA rates among women aged 20-24years 6days after the singer's performance. No similar effect was observed in the general population or other young age groups. The show was immediately followed by a peak in tweets referring to the singer, while Twitter activity related to the 3114 remained modest. We did not observe any increase in calls to the helpline. Celebrity testimonies about suicidal experiences can help alleviate stigma but should be accompanied by prevention messages to reduce the risk of contagion.

Study on the awareness about the Mediterranean Diet in type 2 diabetic mellitus among the adult population of age group 25-50 years old in Nagpur City

Study on the awareness about the Mediterranean Diet in type 2 diabetic mellitus among the adult population of age group 25-50 years old in Nagpur City

Multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of students in Poland with the view to the demographic crisis and its impact on social security

ObjectivesThe article presents the original multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of students in terms of their population in Poland with the view to the demographic crisis and its impact on the acceptable level of social security. The demographic low in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union and the largest after the Second World War.Material and methodsThe research would be based mainly on the analysis of available studies and materials enabling the review and organization of information concerning the demographic crisis, the transformation of the family model and the reorganization of the education system. Primary research focused on statistical analyzes of total fertility rate, including births and deaths, marriages and divorces, and the number of children in educational institutions.ResultsPrimary data on the number of students were grouped into voivodeships, school types and compared with the population in particular age groups. Additionally, the human population was divided into two groups of dependent variables: the number of people in cities and rural areas - men and women in particular age groups. The lack of a symmetrical distribution between the number of women and men in Poland is particularly visible in the group over 62 years of age.ConclusionsThe visible decline in the number of students in particular age groups from 0 to 19 years in institutions such as kindergartens, primary and secondary schools compared to the current number of people constituting the Polish workforce in particular age groups from 20 to 65 years indicates a reduction in the number in the future employees in every sector of the economy. That, as a result, will have a direct impact on both state finances and the education system in Poland, which will be reduced by teaching staff and students dynamically.

RUSS-AGE study: Markers of carbohydrate metabolism and their time course in different age groups of a healthy population of the Russian Federation

Background. One of the important tasks of modern science is to search for key biomarkers of aging of various body systems. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism play an essential role in maintaining vital activity. The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders increases with age, but the time course of changes in individual markers remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is important to investigate the patterns of changes in carbohydrate metabolism markers in different age groups among healthy participants, which is the objective of the RUSS-AGE study. Aim. To evaluate changes in carbohydrate status markers (adiponectin, leptin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and carboxymethyllysine – CML) in different age groups of a healthy Russian population. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University in collaboration with the Moscow City Outpatient Clinic No. 220. The study group included subjects 18 years of age and older who signed an informed consent form; the exclusion criteria were current acute disease, exacerbation of a chronic disease, surgical intervention within the last month, and moderate to severe chronic age-associated diseases. Blood samples were taken to measure aging markers: glucose (enzymatic ultraviolet method), insulin (chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay), glycated hemoglobin (calorimetric method), CML, adiponectin, and leptin (enzyme immunoassay). The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Minutes No. 59 dated 13.09.2022). Statistical analysis was carried out using the R programming language version 4.4.0. The significance threshold for the p-value values given in the article is 0.05. Results. The study included 711 participants, which were divided into eight age groups. According to the intergroup comparison, a statistically significant direct relationship of age with adiponectin (p0.001), glucose (p0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (p0.001) was found. No significant correlation with age was found for leptin (p=0.116), insulin (p=0.078), and CML (p=0.506). After conducting a statistical analysis using linear regression to assess the dependence of variables on age, it was found that only adiponectin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin significantly increase with age (p0.001). Conclusion. The study showed a significant increase in adiponectin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, while leptin, insulin and CML had no significant correlation with age.

Gender Inequality in Health Insurance in India: Evidence from the NFHS-5 Survey of 2019–21

Existing studies largely fail to provide a comprehensive account of gender inequality in health insurance in India. In this study, using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data of 2019–21, we analyse the extent and pattern of gender inequality in health insurance coverage in the country. Overall, more than two-thirds of the 15–49 age group population remains uninsured against health risks. Multivariate analysis shows lower likelihood of health insurance coverage for females as compared with males. Gender inequality however varies across socio-economic groups, regions and insurance schemes. Spatially, while inequality has worsened in many States/UTs since the NFHS-4 of 2015–16, it has declined or even reversed in favour of women in a few others. Further studies on the contextual barriers to women’s participation in health insurance schemes can provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying reasons for gender inequality in protection against health risks in India. Incorporation of questions on the reasons for women’s non-participation in insurance schemes in future large-scale surveys will be useful in this regard.

Normative Data of Extended High Frequency Audiometry in Normal Hearing Subjects with Different Aged Groups.

Background/Objectives: Conventional audiometry assesses hearing in the frequency range of 250-8000 Hz, while humans can detect sounds from 20 to 20,000 Hz. Hearing sensitivity above 8000 Hz can be assessed through "Extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA)", which is useful for early detection and monitoring of hearing loss and counseling for tinnitus patients. Despite its usefulness, age significantly affects hearing sensitivity. Currently, there are no standard hearing thresholds in the EHF range categorized by age groups in Thailand. In this study, the aim was to determine normative EHFA data across different age groups in a healthy Thai population. Methods: This study included 134 participants aged 18-70 years, categorized into five age groups. All participants had normal hearing thresholds and type A tympanograms bilaterally. Following this, EHFA measurement was performed. Results: Across all age groups, there was an observed increase in median hearing thresholds as age increased. In comparison, no significant difference in median hearing thresholds was found between individuals aged 18-30 and >30-40 years. However, those over 40 years had significantly higher median thresholds across all frequencies compared to those under 40 years (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, we propose two new subgroups of 18-40 years and >40-70 years. Median hearing thresholds for those aged 18-40 was ≤20 dB HL across most frequencies, except at 16,000 Hz (30 dB HL). In the >40-70 age group, thresholds ranged from 20 dB HL at 9000 Hz to 70 dB HL at 14,000 and 16,000 Hz. However, no significant differences were found in hearing thresholds between sexes and ear sides. Conclusions: In this study, normative EHFA data were established for healthy Thai adults, appropriately divided into two groups (18-40 and >40-70 years) for clinical use. Further studies with more participants per age group are also needed to validate the results.

Associations of step accelerations and cardiometabolic risk markers in early adulthood.

Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on risk factors related to cardiometabolic health yet amount of PA and time of onset is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of PA estimates and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large healthy population of an understudied age group of young adults using a standard gravity-based method on body adiposity and risk markers. In 856 (532 women, 324 men, 32-35 years) subjects we evaluated the association of PA and cardiometabolic risk factors in early adulthood. PA was measured using accelerometers for a period of two weeks. Step counts were divided into light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA) intensity classes. Income of the household was 63 446 ± 46 899€ and 57.5% had higher education. Total daily step numbers were 11962.5 ± 5163.2, LPA 5459.6 ± 2986.6, MPA 5932 ± 3404.6, and VPA 572.3 ± 668. Higher total PA volume was associated with lower weight, BMI, % body fat, smaller visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference, lower total cholesterol, LDL, and reflection coefficient of the pulse wave. LPA correlated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL, and central pulse pressure (cPP). Percent body fat (%BF), VFA, total cholesterol, LDL, reflection coefficient, heart minute index, and heart minute volume were significantly associated with MPA and VPA intensity PA volume. Lower PA in early adulthood correlates with increased cardiometabolic risk markers which should be translated into specific recommendations to thrive for a healthier lifestyle to delay and decrease their onset.

Optimal COVID-19 vaccine prioritization by age depends critically on inter-group contacts and vaccination rates.

The limited availability of COVID-19 vaccines has prompted extensive research on optimal vaccination strategies. Previous studies have considered various non-pharmaceutical interventions, vaccine efficacy and distribution strategies. In this work, we address the combined effects of inter-group contacts and vaccination rates under contact reduction, analysing the Spanish population's demographic and age group contact patterns and incorporating reinfection dynamics. We conduct an exhaustive analysis, evaluating 362 880 permutations of nine age groups across six vaccination rates and two distinct, empirically quantified scenarios for social contacts. Our results show that at intermediate-to-high vaccination rates with unrestricted social contacts, optimal age-based vaccination strategies only slightly deviate from older-to-younger prioritization, yielding marginal reductions in deaths and infections. However, when significant reductions in social contacts are enforced-similar to the lockdowns in 2020-there are substantial improvements, particularly at moderate vaccination rates. These restrictions lead to a transition where infection propagation is halted, a scenario that became achievable during the pandemic with the observed vaccination rates. Our findings emphasize the importance of combining appropriate social contact reductions with vaccination to optimize age-based vaccination strategies, underscoring the complex, nonlinear dynamics involved in pandemic dynamics and the necessity for tailored context-specific interventions.

Correlation analysis of the risk of ischemic stroke with related risk factors in a health examination population.

To explore the correlation between the risk of ischemic stroke and related risk factors in a health examination population. This was a retrospective study. A total of 300 subjects undergoing health examination in the physical examination center of Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital were selected from January 2023 to December 2023, and divided into the normal group (Group-N) and the risk group according to the criteria of cerebral hemodynamic integral value(CVHI). The risk group was further subdivided into three groups, including the high-risk group(Group-H), the medium-risk population(Group-M), and the low-risk group(Group-L), with 75 subjects in each group. The general data, including BMI, smoking, and the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using stroke risk factors as the dependent variables after assignment, and it was found that BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for ischemic stroke (P<0.05); the incidence of obesity and overweight, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were significantly increased in Group-H compared with those in groups M, L, and N, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The chi square test showed statistically significant differences in the stroke risk factors among different age groups (P<0.05). The incidence of ischemic stroke risk factors varies among different age groups in the health examination population, and is related to poor lifestyle and underlying diseases.

Abstract 4138301: Burden of Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Mortality, and COVID-19: A Retrospective-Cohort Analysis of US Data

Background: Hyperlipidemia (HLD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known regarding temporal variation in CVD mortality related to HLD. The COVID-19 pandemic added complexity to factors influencing CVD mortality. Question: What are the yearly trends and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HLD-related CVD mortality in the United States? Methods: Mortality and demographic data for adults were obtained from CDC repository from 1999-2020, using ICD-10 codes HLD (E78.0-E78.5) and CVD (I00-I99). Age adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 population was standardized to the 2000 US population. Log-linear regression models evaluated mortality shifts. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) from 1999-2019 was used to calculate projected AAMR in 2020, subsequently compared to actual 2020 death rates to estimate pandemic-attributed excess deaths. Results: A total of 483,155 HLD-related CVD deaths were recorded between 1999-2020. Despite the CVD mortality decline in general population, HLD-related CVD AAMR rose from 36.33 [95% CI, 35.52-37.13] in 1999 to 99.77 [98.67-100.87] in 2019. Ischemic heart diseases (AAMR 49.39) were the most common causes of death while hypertension had the highest annual mortality increase (AAPC +10.23%) in populations with HLD. Higher HLD-related CVD mortality was observed in males (AAMR 104.87) than females (AAMR 61.93), in those ≥75 years (AAMR 646.45) than 35-75 years (AAMR 54.11), in non-Hispanic (NH) (AAMR 82.49) than Hispanic (AAMR 58.98) populations, and in rural (AAMR 89.98) than urban (AAMR 78.94) regions. NH Black populations (AAMR 84.35) and Western US regions (AAMR 96.88) had the highest HLD-related CVD. The first year of COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 10.55% excess HLD-related CVD death, with the most prominent increase in the 35-75 years age group (14.23%), Hispanic (17.96%), Black (14.82%), and urban (11.68%) populations. Conclusions: Our study revealed an increase in HLD-related CVD mortality which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher CVD mortality disproportionately affected males, Black, elderly (≥75 years), and rural populations with HLD. Further research is needed to validate our findings and identify contributing factors.

AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE INCIDENCE IN UKRAINE: A TWO-CENTER STUDY

Purpose of this study is to investigate the age-related characteristics of the incidence of coronary heart disease in Ukraine, considering sex differences. Materials and Methods: The study included patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating heart (n = 3,674), comprising 3,061 males and 613 females. The average age of the participants was 60.6 ± 0.8 years. The analysis was based on data obtained from primary medical documentation, including medical histories, anamnestic information, and extracts from patients’ outpatient cards. The research design categorized participants by age group according to the World Health Organization age classification and by sex. Results: The article presents the incidence rates of coronary artery disease based on patient age groups, classified according to the World Health Organization, and sex. The distribution of patients by age groups was analyzed while considering sex, and the frequencies and average ages of the patients were determined. It was found that the incidence of coronary artery disease was highest among the most prevalent age groups in Ukraine's population: middle-aged and elderly patients. The frequency of early postoperative mortality was 0.6%, and it correlated with age-related incidence rates of coronary heart disease. Notably, early postoperative mortality was significantly higher in age groups with the highest incidence of coronary heart disease, specifically among middle-aged and elderly patients (p = 0.03, χ² = 4.69). Conclusions: In this retrospective two-center study of patients with coronary heart disease, it was determined that male patients were affected five times more frequently than female patients. The most common age groups for patients with coronary heart disease were identified as middle-aged and elderly. Early postoperative mortality following coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating heart was found to be 0.6%, with the highest rates observed in elderly (54.6%) and middle-aged (31.8%) patients. The frequency ratios demonstrated statistical significance favoring elderly patients (p = 0.03, χ² = 4.69). The frequency of early postoperative mortality was significantly higher among male patients (p = 0.0001, χ² = 40.33).

Acute Decompensation of Chronic Cardiac Failure in Elderly and Senile Persons: Focus on Renal Dysfunction

The heart and kidneys, as well as their synergy, are necessary conditions for maintaining hemodynamic homeostasis in the human body. Since the beginning of the 19th century, it has been recognized that cardiovascular and renal diseases often coexist and have a mutually aggravating effect on each other. During the aging process, involutive changes in organs and body systems, especially the cardiovascular and urinary systems, lead to many physiological and functional changes that can increase the risk of developing acute complications, including acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). The prevalence of CHF is increasing among the population of older age groups all over the world, which is explained not only by involutive changes in the cardiovascular system of the body, but also by the high frequency of concomitant diseases, in particular chronic kidney disease. Age-related changes in the urinary system also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the body, however, during the aging process, along with a decrease in the number of nephrons, a decrease in the concentration function of the kidneys is observed, as well as a change in their structural integrity. These involutive changes in renal tissue may complicate the diagnosis and treatment of conditions associated with acute decompensation of CHF. Therefore, consideration of age-related changes in the cardiovascular and urinary systems and their contribution to the development of acute decompensation of CHF represents an important area for further research and practical applications aimed at improving medical care and quality of life in older people. The review article examines scientific literature data on cardiorenal relationships in acute decompensation of chronic heart failure in elderly and senile people.

Mortality risk of nervous system disease attributed to extreme temperature events in Jiangsu Province

Objective: To assess the influence of extreme temperature events on the mortality risk of nervous system diseases in residents of Jiangsu Province and identify patients with nervous system diseases who are susceptible to extreme temperature events. Methods: Acase-crossover design was used to investigate the cumulative lagged effects of extreme temperature events on the mortality risk of nervous system disease in local residents by using the data on causes of death from nervous system diseases in Jiangsu from 2014 to 2020 with conditional logistic regression model. The final definition of extreme temperature events was established using Akaike information criterion. The heat wave was defined as 4 or more consecutive days with daily mean temperatures above the 92.5th percentile of annual daily mean temperatures, and the cold spell was defined as 2 or more consecutive days with daily mean temperatures below the 10th percentile of annual daily mean temperatures. Furthermore, stratified analyses was conducted to compare the effects of extreme temperature events on mortality risk in populations in different gender, age and marital status groups to identify susceptible populations to extreme temperature event. Results: Statistical results showed that the effect values of heat wave and cold spell on the mortality risk of nervous system diseases all peaked at the 7th day of the cumulative lag, with OR of 1.60 (95%CI: 1.44-1.76) and 1.33 (95%CI: 1.13-1.56), respectively. Heat wave exposure increased mortality risk for individuals with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, while cold spell exposure increased the mortality risk for those with Alzheimer's disease. Stratified analyses showed that the mortality risk for nervous system disease and Alzheimer's disease was higher in partnerless population after heat wave exposure. Conclusions: Heat wave and cold spell were associated with increased mortality risks for nervous system disease, highlighting the need for improved early warning systems for extreme temperature event. In the context of heat wave, interventions to protect individuals with nervous system disease should prioritize partnerless population.

COMPARATIVE SERUM LIPID STUDY IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS SUFFERING FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: Comparative study of lipids in smoker and non-smoker myocardial infarction (MI), patients. Methods: Total cholesterol determined by diagnostic kit, that is, enzymatic CHOD-PAP, endpoint colorimetric method. Absorbance was measured at 506 nm by kinetic ultraviolet spectrophotometer which was proportional to the cholesterol concentration in the specimens. Results: There were 41.46% of patients who were smokers with high total cholesterol (&gt;200 mg/dL). The total cholesterol was found to be statistically significant when smokers and non-smokers were compared in different age groups (p&lt;0.05) in urban, rural, and slum populations of Madhya Pradesh. Conclusion: This prospective study of 2006 smoking emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor in MI patients.

Lp(a) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are predictive biomarkers for coronary heart disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to assess the variations in biomarkers associated with CHD in T2DM patients across different age groups in the Han Chinese population. MethodsA strict selection process was employed, involving three groups: a control group (n = 300) with no medical history, a new-onset T2DM group (n = 300), and a new-onset T2DM + CHD group (n = 300). Participants in each group were further categorized based on age: Group 1 (<60 years), Group 2 (60–75 years), and Group 3 (>75 years). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and homocysteine (HCY) levels were analyzed in all groups. ResultsBoth T2DM and T2DM + CHD groups exhibited elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1, Lp(a), hsCRP, and HCY, alongside decreased levels of HDL-C and ApoA1 in comparison to the control group. Notably, when comparing the T2DM to the T2DM + CHD groups, significant increases were noted in ApoB, Lp(a), and hsCRP levels in the T2DM + CHD group, whereas other biomarkers did not show significant differences. Across all age groups, the patterns remained consistent, with the T2DM and T2DM + CHD groups showing elevated levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1, Lp(a), hsCRP, and HCY, and decreased levels of HDL-C and ApoA1 compared to their respective age-matched control groups. Furthermore, within each age category, significant increases in ApoB, Lp(a), and hsCRP were specifically observed with advancing age in the T2DM + CHD group, with Lp(a) and hsCRP levels showing particularly notable elevations, underscoring their potential as significant indicators of CHD risk in the T2DM population. ConclusionLp(a) and hsCRP may serve as valuable risk biomarkers for the development of CHD in T2DM patients. Understanding the variations in these biomarkers across different age groups can assist in risk assessment and the development of personalized management strategies for CHD in T2DM patients.

The morbidity in children population of various age groups against the background of COVID-19 pandemic and new challenges in organization of medical care

In children population, infectious diseases propagate rather rapidly and they have their own peculiarities in course. The COVID-19 coronavirus infection was no exception in it and created new challenges in organization of medical care and prevention of its spread. The purpose of the study was to investigate dynamics of general and primary morbidity in children aged 0-14 and 15-17 years and characteristics of organization of medical care in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytical and statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, were applied. The software MS Excel 2007 and Statistica 10 were applied to process data. It was established that in 2017-2022 total children morbidity aged 0-14 years decreased up to 18.0%, primary morbidity up to 19.3%, in children aged 15-17 years up to 3.8% and 4.2% respectively. Despite implemented anti-epidemic measures morbidity of COVID-19 in children increased annually. The medical care of children was provided according to the Procedure of provision of medical care by profile "Pediatrics" but due to COVID-19 propagation, adjustments were applied. This affected state medical organizations re-profiled for medical care of patients with confirmed COVID-19 corona-virus infection. Despite increasing of general and primary children morbidity against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic during study period indicators decreased. At that, respiratory diseases increased that determined decision-making in management of medical care organization of patients.