Population Growth Rate Research Articles

DETERMINAN PERMINTAAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA MATARAM

A place to live or a house is a necessary necessity in living human daily life. Mataram City is the capital of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province and is one of the centers of economic growth, with a high population growth rate compared to 10 other districts/cities in NTB. This population growth causes the demand for housing/own houses or property rights to be very high, but on the other hand, land is getting narrower and more expensive, resulting in house prices becoming expensive and this has a big impact on people who are less fortunate in terms of their income. To meet the demand for housing from the community, we encourage developers to build housing with various types/models that are tailored to the income and desires of the community. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of population, per capita income and inflation on housing demand in Mataram City. This research uses secondary data obtained from BPS Mataram City, BPS NTB Province, NTB Housing Statistics and other data sources relevant to this research. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model with panel data and using the Eviews 12 calculation tool. The results of the study showed that the results of the multiple linear regression using the OLS method were found to have two variables that had a significant effect, namely the population and GRDP variables, while the inflation variable had an effect not significant.

Interstage flow matrices: Population statistic derived from matrix population models

Abstract Many population statistics describe the characteristics of populations within and among species. These are useful for describing population dynamics, understanding how environmental factors alter demographic patterns, testing hypotheses related to the evolution of life history characteristics and informing the effective management of populations. In this study, we propose a population statistic: the interstage flow. The interstage flow is defined as the product of the element in the ith row, the jth column of the population projection matrix and the jth element of the normalized stable stage distribution. The sum of the interstage flow matrix elements is equal to the population growth rate (PGR), which is the dominant eigenvalue of the population projection matrix. The interstage flow matrix elements allow decomposition of PGR into component contributions made by transitions between developmental stages. We demonstrate the utility of interstage flow matrices using matrix population models from the COMPADRE plant matrix database. We compared interstage flows among four life history/functional groups (FGs) (semelparous herbs, iteroparous herbs, shrubs and trees) and described how PGR reflected individual transitions related to stasis, fecundity and growth. We found that the individual flows are different among FGs. Synthesis. The proposed population statistic, the interstage flow matrix, describes the contribution of individual developmental stage transitions to the PGR. The flow of individuals between developmental stages differs in distinctive ways among different life histories and FGs. The interstage flow matrix is a valuable statistic for describing these differences.

Cien años de vida: ¿Qué hacer para vivirlos exitosamente?

One of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century in most countries is the aging of the population and especially for developed countries. In Latin America and specifically in Colombia this phenomenon has been happening in an accelerated manner and in deficit economic conditions that make the phenomenon more special and can become a public health problem of great magnitude. Demographically the population groups over 50 years of age increase significantly, with those over 80 years of age being the group with the highest growth rate of the entire population. Between 2021 and 2030 The United Nations declared the Decade of Healthy Aging; a strategy that seeks to add the possible efforts in all areas of development, to improve the quality of life of the elderly and in general seek the sustainability of the entire population. In the case of human beings, the aging process must be considered differently from each individual and is related to the effects of their entire life history. “Knowing how to grow old is the masterpiece of wisdom” (Old age and life). This document brings together the most relevant aspects of how people from their young ages could make responsible actions for that older person that we all carry inside, adopting a diet with the necessary nutrients, but eating thoroughly, and identifying the main benefits of physical activity indicated by a professional, periodic and safe, establishing and strengthening family and social support networks, seeking in a programmed way their economic stability, formulating a meaningful life project that energizes existence until the end of days, exercising their mind even with the daily activities of day to day.

Contribution and projections of corn food needs: Emperical evidence in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the contribution and projection of corn food needs. Case study in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, Indonesia. The data used is secondary data sourced from the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Agriculture and Livestock Service and the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical tools used are for sub-district contributions in meeting corn food needs using cross-table analysis, for projections using simple regression analysis, and for projections of needs through population growth using geometric population growth rates. The research results show that the difference between production and corn needs without the National Capital of the Archipelago (IKN), or with the presence of IKN, is a surplus. The contribution of Kutai Kartanegara Regency in meeting the needs of IKN corn, both assuming a population of 1.5 million people and 4.5 million people, has been able to contribute in the high category. Six example sub-districts have also been able to contribute with high criteria. Samboja Sub-District contributes to the need for high category IKN corn. Muara Jawa, Sebulu and Muara Kaman Sub-districts contributed in the low category. Meanwhile, Loa Janan and Tenggarong Seberang Sub-districts have not been able to contribute.

Chronic Effects of an Insect Growth Regulator (teflubenzuron) on the Life Cycle and Population Growth Rate of Folsomia candida.

Current standard toxicity tests on nontarget soil invertebrates mainly focus on the endpoints survival and reproduction. Such results are likely insufficient to predict effects at higher organizational levels, for example, the population level. We assessed the effects of exposure to the pesticide teflubenzuron on the collembolan Folsomia candida, by performing a full life-cycle experiment exposing single individuals via contaminated food (uncontaminated control and 0.2, 0.32, 0.48, 0.72, 1.08, and 1.6 mg/kg dry yeast). Several life-history traits were considered by following the growth and development of newly hatched individuals over a period of 65 days. We assessed survival, body length, time to first oviposition, cumulative egg production, and hatchability of eggs. A two-stage model was applied to calculate the population growth rate (λ) combined with elasticity analysis to reveal the relative sensitivity of λ to the effects of teflubenzuron on each life-history parameter. Body length was the least sensitive life-history parameter (median effective concentration = 1.10 mg teflubenzuron/kg dry yeast) followed by time to first oviposition (0.96 mg/kg), survival (median lethal concentration = 0.87 mg/kg), cumulative egg production (0.32 mg/kg), and egg hatchability (0.27 mg/kg). Population growth decreased with increasing concentrations of teflubenzuron (λ = 1.162/day in control to 1.005/day in 0.72 mg/kg dry yeast, with populations going extinct at 1.08 and 1.6 mg/kg dry yeast). Elasticity analysis showed that changes in juvenile survival had a greater impact on the population growth rate compared with the other life-history traits. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of individual-level effects of long-term exposure to teflubenzuron and integrates these effects to assess the potential risk to collembolan populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1173-1183. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Update on the status of gray whales since the 2020 Implementation Review

The International Whaling Commission’s Scientific Committee conducts regular Implementation Reviews (IRs) of the biology, threats and status of whale species subject to aboriginal subsistence whaling. The last IR of plans for hunting eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales by the Chukotka Natives of the Russian Federation and the Makah Tribe of the United States of America occurred in 2020. This paper presents a review of new scientific findings on gray whales to assess whether the current status of the stock(s) is within the parameter space tested in the 2020 IR. Updated information on gray whale stock structure hypotheses, abundance and calf productivity, health and strandings, human removals by hunting and non‐hunting sources, population growth rates, immigration into the Pacific Coast Feeding Group, parameterisation of the Makah hunt, and future episodic mortality events (EMEs) were reviewed for this assessment. For almost all factors, it appears that the current dynamics of the ENP gray whale population are within the parameter space evaluated in 2020 IR. The exception is that EMEs affecting whales in the ENP are occurring more frequently and at a greater magnitude than previously evaluated. However, preliminary evaluations suggest that the performances of the Gray Whale Strike Limit Algorithm (SLA) and Makah Management Plan are robust to recent and future EMEs of Northern Feeding Group gray whales and reductions of productivity of the Pacific Coast Feeding Group, at least under the initial parameterisations. We therefore conclude that there is no compelling need for a Special IR prior to the next scheduled IR in 2026, while noting that additional abundance data for 2022/23 and 2023/24 analysed after drafting this paper could strengthen or weaken the evidence for this conclusion.

Research and Design of Public Spaces for Elderly People in Rural Areas

With the progress of society and economic development, China has reached an aging population. According tothe Chinese population census data, China has entered the second stage of an aging population society and has become one of the countries with the fastest growth rate of the elderly population in the world. It is expected that the elderly population in China will reach 250 million within the next fifteen years and exceed 450 million by 2050. Additionally, China is a country with uneven development between urban and rural areas. Many young and middle-aged people choose to work in cities, which leads to most rural residents being elderly. Thus, the phenomenon of the elderly living alone by themselves occurs. Therefore, the government and related experts are increasingly concerned about the physical and mental health of the elderly. The establishment of the elderly activity center is to meet the needs of the elderly cultural life, improve the level of elderly physical and mental health, and promote the harmonious development of the countryside. Many countries aware of this problem would emphasize park construction and nursing home design for the needs of the elderly. However, little research are performed on the activity center and public spaces for the elderly in underdeveloped rural areas. Design countermeasures of the public space should consider the physical, psychological, and behavioral needs of the elderly. This study summarizes the influencing factors, design principles, and design methods of public spaces to effectively meet the needs of the elderly for public activities. By creating and improving public social spaces suitable for the elderly in rural areas, the elderly can lead a comfortable life and solve loneliness issues.

Predicting early mycotoxin contamination in stored wheat using machine learning

With continued global population growth and current rate of climate change, grain loss during storage remains a major contributor to postharvest losses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Infection with mycotoxin leads to degradation or even discarding of stored grain, causing economic losses and risks to food security. Deep learning models have been used in the agricultural domain for detecting prevalent diseases or contamination; however, data scarcity remains a critical bottleneck for rapid implementation of computer vision in this field. Herein, a compact convolutional transformer (CCT)–based model was applied to classify contaminated wheat by deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), which was divided into three main classes: healthy, incipient, and contaminated. The classification was performed based on elevated CO2 respiration rate (≥31.20 ± 0.62 mg CO2 kg−1 h−1) and visual appearance of mold formation in initial and severe stage since the start the storage experiment. The proposed CCT model achieved an accuracy of 83.33%, with the contaminated class demonstrating the highest performance metrics, including precision (1.0), recall (0.90), and F1-score (0.95), followed by the healthy and incipient classes. At the same time, explicit classification between the healthy and incipient classes deserves further improvement because it is highly relevant for the timely detection of spoilage and prevention of proliferation of mycotoxins in stored wheat.

Multi-trait diversification in marine diatoms in constant and warmed environments.

Phytoplankton are photosynthetic marine microbes that affect food webs, nutrient cycles and climate regulation. Their roles are determined by correlated phytoplankton functional traits including cell size, chlorophyll content and cellular composition. Here, we explore patterns of evolution in interrelated trait values and correlations. Because both chance events and natural selection contribute to phytoplankton trait evolution, we used population bottlenecks to diversify six genotypes of Thalassiosirid diatoms. We then evolved them as large populations in two environments. Interspecific variation and within-species evolution were visualized for nine traits and their correlations using reduced axes (a trait-scape). Our main findings are that shifts in trait values resulted in movement of evolving populations within the trait-scape in both environments, but were more frequent when large populations evolved in a novel environment. Which trait relationships evolved was population-specific, but greater departures from ancestral trait correlations were associated with lower population growth rates. There was no single master trait that could be used to understand multi-trait evolution. Instead, repeatable multi-trait evolution occurred along a major axis of variation defined by several diatom traits and trait relationships. Because trait-scapes capture changes in trait relationships and values together, they offer an insightful way to study multi-trait variation.

The impact of boldness on demographic rates and life-history outcomes in the wandering albatross.

Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among-individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioural differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically. Here, we used a unique, long-term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture-mark-recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life-history outcomes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate). We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non-breeders, which suggests longer inter-breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation. Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace-of-life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography.

Life history costs drive the evolution of mycoheterotrophs: Increased sprouting and flowering in a strongly mycoheterotrophic Pyrola species

Abstract Land plants are typically photosynthetic, but some species have lost the ability to photosynthesize, instead relying on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain carbon. Increasing levels of partial mycoheterotrophy, in which seemingly autotrophic plants receive fungal carbon from their fungal partners, and reduced sprouting in concert with greater reproduction when sprouting, may be intermediate steps in the evolution of this trait. We studied the microevolutionary demography of Pyrola japonica and the closely related species P. subaphylla, which are currently considered sister species. While these species are both partially mycoheterotrophic, P. subaphylla is more strongly so, indicating that it may be closer to evolving full mycoheterotrophy. We tracked individuals in two nearby populations in Fukushima, Japan from 2015 to 2020. We analysed vital rates, population trends and long‐run population structure with historical function‐based matrix projection models. We assessed how shifts in P. subaphylla demography relate to fitness using a stochastic life table response experiment (SLTRE). P. subaphylla exhibited strong costs of growth to survival and of reproduction to sprouting, size and fecundity. It sprouted more than P. japonica but to smaller stages. P. subaphylla's flowering frequency was approximately four times that of P. japonica, but after flowering it was smaller and more likely to die. These life history costs appeared to drive differences in fitness, measured as stochastic population growth rate. Relative to P. japonica, shifts in fitness in P. subaphylla were due more to shifts in means than standard deviations of matrix elements. Shifts in growth transitions had the strongest negative impacts on fitness but also had the strongest positive impacts. Increased shifts to small non‐flowering stages were associated with increased fitness, while transitions involving dormancy were associated more strongly with drops in fitness. Synthesis. As far as we are aware, we found the first evidence that costs of growth and reproduction drive the evolution of increased sprouting and smaller size as a species becomes more intensely mycoheterotrophic. Surprisingly, vegetative dormancy did not evolve with mycoheterotrophy. We suggest further studies assessing whether these seemingly maladaptive trends result from genetic drift, genetic linkage or another mechanism.

A Study on Groundwater Irrigation Expansion in Bihar, India

Water use has increased by more than twice the rate of population growth over the past century. Although, there is worldwide water scarcity, an increasing number of areas are chronically short of water. There has been a substantial increase in irrigated areas in the last thirty -five years. The Net Irrigated Area (NIA) in Bihar has increased from 2808 thousand hectares in 1985 to 3083 thousand hectares in 2021. The total annual replenishable groundwater potential of Bihar has been estimated as 33.15 billion cubic meters (bcm) with an annual extraction of 13.50 bcm. The share of surface water is declining while groundwater is increasingly being used in crop production. A total of 11754 thousand hectares have been estimated as the ultimate irrigation potential in the state, including major, medium and minor irrigation schemes, utilizing both surface and groundwater. If the available potential is fully exploited, it can cover more than the total cultivated area of the state. Considering the interests of both present and future generations attention needs to be directed towards the sustainable use of groundwater and promoting various sources of surface water.

Age and growth of larval Pacific flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) in coastal Ecuador based on otolith analysis

The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00–15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December–April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.

Abstract 7182: Blood brain barrier masks effects of dosing strategy

Abstract The penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge in the design of drugs targeting brain tumors. The BBB desynchronizes drug concentrations between the body and brain, complicating the relationships between drug dose, effective concentration, and toxicity. In this work, we sought to understand the nature of these relationships in the context of dose schedule, in order to suggest minimally toxic and maximally effective strategies. We developed a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model to simulate the exchange of a drug between the body and the brain. Drug exchange was based on passive diffusion through the barrier and active transport into the brain as described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In the model, tumor cells exhibit binary resistance to the drug under a logistic growth model. The drug reduces the growth rate of the sensitive population while the resistant population suffers a small growth penalty because of the mutation conferring resistance. Strategy effectiveness was quantified in terms of survival time, the time until 95% of carrying capacity was reached, and toxicity was evaluated as the peak moving average over 18 days. Although the BBB complicates prediction of drug action, it simplifies drug impact by masking schedule effects. Our work suggests that drug concentrations in the brain increase with initial treatment until equilibrium between active transport, diffusion, and drug metabolism is reached. Fluctuations in drug concentration resulting from breaks between bolus dosing are greatly reduced in the brain relative to the body, and high frequency (daily) dosing results in a nearly constant equilibrium drug concentration. The rate at which equilibrium is reached and the drug concentration in the brain are unaffected by dosing period, as long as the average dose per day is constant. Our model suggests that the impact of dosing cycle length on survival time is negligible. Neutropenia is minimized by schedules with dosing cycle lengths that factor evenly into the 18-day neutrophil recovery period. These schedules have consistent toxicity throughout. Strategies with two, three, six, nine, and eighteen day cycles induce neutropenia least. As fluctuations in drug concentration are small at the equilibrium steady-state, effects of scheduling on drug interactions are predicted to be minimal. As drug concentration in the brain at equilibrium and latency to equilibrium are independent of dosing period, these parameters must be modulated through changes in the amount of drug dosed. The use of a loading dose may compensate for latency. Although this analysis is based on hypothetical drugs, it provides practical insights that are applicable across a wide range of systemically dosed small-molecule therapeutics. Further, the modeling framework derived here can be readily extended to guide the design of dosing schedules for real-world therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Madison Stoddard, Andrew Chen, Lin Yuan, Debra Van Egeren, Arijit Chakravarty. Blood brain barrier masks effects of dosing strategy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7182.

Abstract 1310: Social determinants of migrant health factors impacting prostate cancer care and survivorship among sub-Saharan African immigrant men diagnosed with prostate cancer

Abstract Background: Sub-Saharan African Immigrants (SSAI) represent one of the fastest-growing segments of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Between 2010 and 2018, the SSAI population in the US increased by 53%, significantly outpacing the 12% growth rate for the overall foreign-born population in the US during that time frame. Despite these growing numbers, little is published about the extent to which SSAIs adapt to health behaviors more common in the US or remain immersed in the values, beliefs and practices reflective of their country of origin. Importantly, no study has comprehensively examined the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) among this population relative to their migration experiences and their influence on health-seeking behaviors and decision-making regarding prostate cancer care and treatment options. Methods: This qualitative study employed grounded theory and the social determinants of migrant heath framework to better understand the needs of SSAI prostate cancer survivors in the United States and how to effectively support these survivors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 survivors who live in the states of Florida and Minnesota. Findings: Some participants reported limited access to care and financial challenges paying for drugs. In terms of coping with diagnosis and treatment, most of the participants relied on their faith, a positive outlook about survivorship and support of family members. Some participants relied on the coaching and support of a loved one who experienced prostate cancer in the past. Erectile dysfunction severely impacted the sexual life of most participants as they experienced difficulty getting an erection. Conclusion: Participants expressed the benefit of belonging to support groups with other survivors for social and emotional support. As the number of immigrants from sub-Saharan continue to rise, so too will the demand for culturally tailored care to address and reduce disparities in survivorship among this sub-population. Citation Format: Ernest Kaninjing, Gladys Asiedu, Kaitlin Van Voorhis, Mary Ellen Young, Ebenezer Erefah, Emmanuel Agboola, Folakemi Odedina, Roxana Dronca, Kimlin Ashing, Solomon Rotimi, Che Ngufor, Arnola Merriweather, John McCall, Anthony Hill. Social determinants of migrant health factors impacting prostate cancer care and survivorship among sub-Saharan African immigrant men diagnosed with prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1310.

Systematic review of empiric studies on lockdowns, workplace closures, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions in non-healthcare workplaces during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits and selected unintended consequences

BackgroundWe conducted a systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions within non-healthcare workplaces and community-level workplace closures and lockdowns on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, selected mental disorders, and employment outcomes in workers or the general population.MethodsThe inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions. The exclusion criteria included modeling studies. Electronic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases from January 1, 2020, through May 11, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis and sign tests were performed.ResultsA total of 60 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 40 studies on COVID-19 outcomes, 15 on anxiety and depression symptoms, and five on unemployment and labor force participation. There was a paucity of studies on physical distancing, physical barriers, and symptom and temperature screening within workplaces. The sign test indicated that lockdown reduced COVID-19 incidence or case growth rate (23 studies, p < 0.001), reproduction number (11 studies, p < 0.001), and COVID-19 mortality or death growth rate (seven studies, p < 0.05) in the general population. Lockdown did not have any effect on anxiety symptoms (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.02). Lockdown had a small effect on increasing depression symptoms (pooled standardized mean difference = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21), but publication bias could account for the observed effect. Lockdown increased unemployment (pooled mean difference = 4.48 percentage points, 95% CI: 1.79, 7.17) and decreased labor force participation (pooled mean difference = -2.46 percentage points, 95% CI: -3.16, -1.77). The risk of bias for most of the studies on COVID-19 or employment outcomes was moderate or serious. The risk of bias for the studies on anxiety or depression symptoms was serious or critical.ConclusionsEmpiric studies indicated that lockdown reduced the impact of COVID-19, but that it had notable unwanted effects. There is a pronounced paucity of studies on the effect of interventions within still-open workplaces. It is important for countries that implement lockdown in future pandemics to consider strategies to mitigate these unintended consequences.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration # CRD42020182660.

Examining Innovative Technologies: Nano-Chelated Fertilizers for Management of Wheat Aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani).

The use of nanofertilizers has both advantages and concerns. One benefit is that nano-fertilizers can enhance plant resistance against insect pests, making them a valuable strategy in integrated pest management (IPM). This study focused on the effect of wheat leaves treated with nano-chelated fertilizers and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani), a harmful pest of wheat plants that transmits dangerous viruses. The nano-Cu treatment showed the longest pre-adult longevity. Additionally, the nano-Cu treatment resulted in the lowest adult longevity, fecundity, nymphoposition day number, intrinsic rate of population growth (r), finite rate of population increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) and gross reproductive rate (GRR). Also, nano-Cu treatment led to the highest amount of (T). The N treatment led to the highest levels of fecundity, nymphoposition days, r, λ, and R0. Nano-Fe and nano-Zn demonstrated fewer negative effects on S. graminum life table parameters than nano-Cu. Our results indicate that N treatment yielded numerous advantageous effects on the wheat aphid while simultaneously impeding the efficacy of the aphid control program. Conversely, nano-Cu treatment exhibited a detrimental influence on various parameters of the aphid's life table, resulting in a reduction in the pest's fitness. Consequently, the integration of nano-Cu should be seriously considered as a viable option in the IPM of the wheat aphid.

Faktor Predisposisi Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) Pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) Di Puskesmas Binong Tahun 2023

One of the government's efforts to reduce the population growth rate in Indonesia is the Family Planning Program. The Indonesian government recommends the Long-Term Contraceptive Method as it is mentioned as one of the targeted outcomes in Indonesia's Medium-Term National Development Plan 2020-2024 (28% by 2024). The number of MKJP acceptors at Binong Health Center has decreased in the last 3 years. In 2021 it is 7.6%, in 2022 it is 6.8%, and in 2023 until November 2023 it is 5%. This indicates that the interest of MKJP at the Binong Health Center is still very low compared to non-MKJP. This research was conducted to determine the predisposing factors associated with the selection of long contraceptive methods at Binong Health Center in 2023. The type of research is quantitative research with a case-control study design with a ratio of 1: 1, consisting of 62 case groups and 62 control groups. This study used Simple Random Sampling technique. This research was conducted using secondary data through medical document review. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that variables related to the selection of MKJP at Binong Health Center are occupation (p-value = 0.029) and the number of children (p-value = 0.007), while the unrelated variables with the election of MKJP at the Binong Health Center are age (p-value = 0.189) and education (p-value = 0.082). It is expected that further research will be conducted at the Binong Health Center related to factors that affect the use of MKJP with different variables that are likely to influence more such as perception, attitude, side effects. knowledge and exposure to information.

Variation in amphibian maturation rates influences population vulnerability to disease‐induced declines

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence population‐level responses to emerging threats in declining species is crucial for informed conservation action. In amphibian species impacted by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), a pathogen that has caused amphibian declines globally, a commonly reported pattern is that more severe population declines tend to occur at higher elevations. Previous research has suggested that this pattern could be driven by reduced environmental suitability for chytrid fungus at lower elevations. However, delayed amphibian maturation, which is common in cold, high elevation populations, could also increase vulnerability to population decline. Here, we tackle this key knowledge gap, focusing on the critically endangered corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree and P. pengilleyi), which have experienced a pattern of extirpation at higher elevations, with remnant populations persisting at lower elevations. First, we quantify the age structure of two extant low elevation P. pengilleyi populations and museum specimens (both species) collected before the emergence of chytrid fungus in Australia. Male age to maturation varied from 1 to 3 years, with the extant population with higher chytrid prevalence displaying severe age structure truncation. Second, we use population simulations to calculate elasticity values under a range of scenarios with varying ages to maturation and chytrid‐associated mortality. When the population growth rate was fixed at 1, adult survival became increasingly important as age to maturation increases, particularly under a scenario of high chytrid‐associated mortality. Our simulation results indicate that delayed maturation could be a previously underappreciated factor associated with an increased risk of amphibian population decline and that earlier maturation could contribute to population persistence. Our study highlights the importance of examining variation in life history traits to better understand population‐level responses to novel threats and guide the development of appropriate conservation actions.

Prediction Of Population Size and Age Structure in China Based on Grey Prodiction and Leslie Model

Population is a major problem that restricts China's comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a model that can accurately predict the population and age structure. This paper uses GM (1,1) to obtain the gender ratio of future newborn population and total population, quantifies the three-child policy as the increase in the fertility rate of women of childbearing age, uses the Leslie model to obtain the female population at all ages, and finally gets the national population and age structure in the next five years under the background of the three-child policy. The results show that the opening of the three-child policy positively impacts the increase of the newborn population and the growth rate of the total population in the early future. But as time goes by, it still cannot restrain the decrease in the newborn population and the net increase of the total population. In addition, the aging problem has not been effectively improved in the short term. In the next five years, the proportion of the aged population continues to rise, while the young population gradually decreases. In terms of the labor force coefficient, there will be a downward trend from 2021 to 2025 and a slight increase from 2025 to 2026.