Process Of Population Aging Research Articles

Aging, Anxiety and Inequality: The Relation between Anxiety about Aging and Gender Inequality among Women in Shiraz City (Iran)

Introduction: Taking into account the growth of increase in the elderly population in Iran and the world, and the emergence of the phenomenon of feminization of aging, the present study has been conducted, with aim of examining the relationship between anxiety about aging and the perceived and experienced gender inequality among the women of Shiraz city (Iran).
 
 Methods: This cross-sectional study has been carried on 30 to 70 years old women in the city of Shiraz. The requied sample size is estimated to be 405 individuals, and the participants selected through a stratified random sampling. Data collection has taken place by a questionnaire which some of the questions of that were made by the authors and some are borrowed from anxiety about aging scale.The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 using pearson corellation tests.
 
 Results: Experienced inequality has a significant positive correlation with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 0.226; p < 0.01). The relation between perceived inequality has also been positive and significant with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 132; p < 0.05). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between gender inequality (perceived and experienced) and anxiety about aging in different aspects, including social and economic fears, psychological fears, fear of losing the feminine position, fear of losing health, and fear of physical changes and changes in appearance.
 
 Conclusion: The anxiety about aging increases among women who experience and percive gender inequality. According to the accelerating process of population aging and the importance of paying attention to the social, psychological, and physical health of elderly women, it is necessary to take more considerations into account. In this regard, planning for decreasing the gender gap and inequality can be effective to some extent. Seemingly, the intersection of “the phenomenon of feminization of poverty,” due to gender inequality, with the phenomenon of “feminization of aging” in the future brings to the fore the necessity of paying attention to “anxiety about aging.”

The Promotion of Tax Optimization to the Effective Implementation of the "Three-child" Policy

With the acceleration of the process of population aging, the structural imbalance of China's population has begun to emerge, which will have an impact on China's economic, political, social and cultural development that cannot be ignored. On May 31, 2021, China officially proposed to implement the "three-child" policy to actively respond to the problem of population aging in China. However, in the face of the continuous decline of fertility rate, China's current tax policy not only cannot effectively reduce the cost of marriage and childbirth, but also can increase the cost of marriage and childbirth, resulting in the inhibition effect of married fertility. How to use tax means to solve the birth dilemma, improve the social fertility will, smoothly promote the implementation of the three-child policy is the main purpose of this paper.

Feasibility of intelligent drug control in the maintenance phase of general anesthesia based on convolutional neural network

BackgroundThe growth and aging process of the human population has accelerated the increase in surgical procedures. Yet, the demand for increasing operations can be hardly met since the training of anesthesiologists is usually a long-term process. Closed-loop artificial intelligence (AI) model provides the possibility to solve intelligent decision-making for anesthesia auxiliary control and, as such, has allowed breakthroughs in closed-loop control of clinical practices in intensive care units (ICUs). However, applying an open-loop artificial intelligence algorithm to build up personalized medication for anesthesia still needs to be further explored. Currently, anesthesiologists have selected doses of intravenously pumped anesthetic drugs mainly based on the blood pressure and bispectral index (BIS), which can express the depth of anesthesia. Unfortunately, BIS cannot be monitored at some medical centers or operational procedures and only be regulated by blood pressure. As a result, here we aim to inaugurally explore the feasibility of a basic intelligent control system applied to drug delivery in the maintenance phase of general anesthesia, based on a convolutional neural network model with open-loop design, according to AI learning of existing anesthesia protocols. MethodsA convolutional neural network, combined with both sliding window sampling method and residual learning module, was utilized to establish an "AI anesthesiologist" model for intraoperative dosing of personalized anesthetic drugs (propofol and remifentanil). The fitting degree and difference in pumping dose decision, between the AI anesthesiologist and the clinical anesthesiologist, for these personalized anesthetic drugs were examined during the maintenance phase of anesthesia. ResultsThe medication level established by the “AI anesthesiologist” was comparable to that obtained by the clinical anesthesiologist during the maintenance phase of anesthesia. ConclusionThe application of an open-loop decision-making plan by convolutional neural network showed that intelligent anesthesia control is consistent with the actual anesthesia control, thus providing possibility for further evolution and optimization of auxiliary intelligent control of depth of anesthesia.

NEAR: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGING RESEARCH

Abstract The global increase in life expectancy is one of the greatest achievements of the last half century. However, the demographic developments towards an older population also challenge many parts of the society, especially the health care. Promoting healthy ageing is therefore one of the most important commitments of the 21st century and to succeed, scientifically based knowledge of older individuals’ health- and care requirements are needed. To better understand the individual and population aging process, the National E-infrastructure for Aging Research (NEAR) was founded in 2018 to build and run a national infrastructure by integrating existing databases from the 15 major longitudinal studies on aging and health in Sweden. To show the added value of NEAR, this symposium will present results from four ongoing NEAR projects: 1) Developing a metric of global brain integrity in multiple Swedish studies with different scanners; 2) Functional aging trajectories and drug interactions; 3) Long-term prediction of dementia using machine learning algorithms; 4) The new aging – how different aspect of ageing has changed over half a century. The creation of national infrastructures is needed to achieve broad, multidisciplinary research perspectives that cannot be achieved by individual databases. Moreover, to address the increased health demands of an older population and enhance new opportunities for aging research, a critical mass of data is needed to increase sample sizes, variations, representativeness, and generalizability. Ultimately, this can lead to the identification of sustainable intervention strategies for better health and care for older persons during the coming decades.

Oblicze starości w Polsce na początku XXI wieku

Forecasts for our population clearly indicate that ageing process of Polish community will be accelerated in the nearest decades of XXI-st century. Population ageing process should be perceived by the decision makers as the most important phenomenon in the XXI-st century, as it affects many areas of social life, such as but not limited to, economy, social security, social aid, labour market, etc. It also means an increase of the risk for occurrence of many chronic illnesses, which force the need for intensified health care, nursing, rehabilitation, stimulation to activity and spiritual support as well as growth of demand for the services from the side of social aid institutions. Old age is not a period detached from the rest of life – it is its continuation despite of fact that it is connected with many limitations, hence there are many new challenges related with that. We should assure to elderly people the right to live on the level that guarantees sense of social dignity, regardless of their age.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals an association of FCGBP with Parkinson’s disease

Transcriptomics in Parkinson’s disease (PD) offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Several pathways, such as inflammation and protein degradation, have been identified by differential gene expression analysis. Our aim was to identify gene expression differences underlying the disease etiology and the discovery of pre-symptomatic risk biomarkers for PD from a multicenter study in the context of the PROPAG-AGEING project. We performed RNA sequencing from 47 patients with de novo PD, 10 centenarians, and 65 healthy controls. Using identified differentially expressed genes, functional annotations were assigned using gene ontology to unveil significant enriched biological processes. The expression of 16 selected genes was validated using OpenArray® assays and samples from independent cohorts of 201 patients with advanced PD, 340 healthy siblings of PD patients, and 177 healthy controls. Differential gene expression analysis identified higher FCGBP expression in patients with de novo PD compared with healthy controls and compared with centenarians. Furthermore, FCGBP showed no differences in terms of population origin or aging process. The increased FCGBP expression was validated in patients with advanced PD and their siblings. Thus, we provided evidence for an upregulation of FCGBP mRNA levels not only in patients with PD but also in individuals at putative higher risk of PD, suggesting that it could be important in gut–brain PD interaction, mediating the connection between microbiota and intestinal inflammatory processes, as well as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

THE ROLE OF OLD-AGE INSURANCE SYSTEM IN PROMOTING THE SATISFACTION AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION OF THE ELDERLY IN RURAL CHINA: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HETEROGENEOUS INCOME EFFECT

Abstract Background In the process of global population aging, old-age insurance, as the most important channel to provide income support for the elderly, is the need of countries all over the world, especially developing countries. As the largest developing country in the world, China launched the “new rural pension plan” (NRPS) pilot pension plan in 2009. By the end of 2012, the pilot has been extended to all counties in the country. The most disappointing thing about NRPS is that compared with China's rural absolute poverty line, pension benefits across the country are very low. However, even if the basic pension benefits are very low, most of the registered elderly in rural China are very satisfied with the NRP. Although NRPS has limited impact on improving the income of the elderly due to the low national pension treatment, how to explain the elderly's satisfaction with the plan and its role in the emotional regulation of the elderly? Research Objects and Methods Among all the outcome variables of NRPS, income is the most critical one, because all other outcome variables are determined by income. Therefore, this study uses the national representative data of 2013 and focuses on the impact of NRP on the income of the elderly. Then, we use quantile regression in regression discontinuity design (RDD) to show the income impact of NRP on different income groups, especially low-income groups, in order to answer this question from the perspective of the heterogeneous income impact of NRP. At the same time, we analyzed the correlation between emotion regulation ability and social loneliness. The results show that the aggregation validity: the correlation between Russell's emotional loneliness item and UCLA Loneliness Scale is 0.44, and the correlation between the item “no one can trust”, the correlation value is 0.4, and the correlation value between “I'm no longer close to anyone” is 0.44. The correlation between social loneliness and UCLA scale was 0.47, the correlation between social loneliness and UCLA scale was -0.47, and the correlation between social loneliness and UCLA scale was -0.35. In other words, the items in UCLA that should be related to Russell's problems in theory are actually significantly higher than other items. Social and emotional loneliness is related to the six factors that Weiss proposed in interpersonal relationships, namely attachment, social integration, development opportunities, recognition of value, trusted alliance and guidance. Social loneliness is most related to the demand for uncertain value, while emotional loneliness is most related to the need for attachment. Social and emotional loneliness were significantly correlated with depression; Only emotional loneliness is related to anxiety. On the whole, these results are in line with R.S. Weiss's theory. Results The results show that NRP successfully improves the income of all income groups, although the impact of NRP on the median income distribution is limited due to the low pension benefits. Among all income distribution ratios, NRP plays a disproportionate role in increasing the income of the elderly: the positive role of the top of income distribution is much greater than that of the bottom. We also found that in all percentiles, NRP has a greater positive impact on rural elderly women than rural elderly men, thus narrowing the gender income gap in rural China. Even if the impact of China's rural minimum living security scheme on increasing the income of rural elderly is controlled, these findings are still reliable. In the process of the influence of life events on anxiety, emotional response plays an intermediary role and psychological elasticity plays a regulatory role. Psychological resilience regulates life events through the mediating effect of emotional response on anxiety. That is, the higher the psychological elasticity, adjust the impact of life events on anxiety through coping style to reduce it; On the contrary, the lower the level of psychological elasticity, adjust the impact of life events on anxiety through coping style to increase it. Conclusion Although the disproportionate impact of NRP on all percentiles exacerbates the income inequality of the rural elderly, it provides an income risk aversion mechanism for the first time in Chinese history. Under the framework of expected utility theory, the actual value of the mechanism is much greater than its monetary value, resulting in higher satisfaction of the rural elderly. Since the NRP has limited effect on increasing the income of the rural elderly, we suggest reforming the NRP, such as increasing the basic pension treatment of the rural absolute poverty line, transitioning to non contributory pension plan, and unifying the provincial plan into a national plan.

Structure of the population or economic conditions? Determinants of spending on social protection in the European Union

The paper examines the relationship between dependent variables (spending on social protection and spending on social protection benefits) and variables that capture the economic structure of the population and economic activity on the example of panel data of 26 European Union (EU) countries (except for Bulgaria and Croatia) over the years 2000-2017. In particular, the economic structure of the population is analysed by the age dependency ratio, while economic activity is expressed by the real GDP per capita growth rate and the unemployment rate. Regardless of the estimation technique for specifications with variables transformed to first differences, the results of the study indicate a statistically significant association between the dependent variables and the macroeconomic conditions of the EU countries. By contrast, the relationships between the dependency ratios and the dependent variables are positive but generally statistically insignificant, although EU countries are undergoing advanced processes of population ageing.

Research on Construction Suggestions of China’s Endowment Service Supply Model from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism

Under the background of an accelerating population aging process, China is facing the issues of a weakening household pension function and an insufficient social pension service supply. It is urgent to establish a perfect diversified pension service supply model. The theory of welfare pluralism advocates the participation of multiple subjects in social old-age services and emphasizes that social organizations play an important role in the provision of old-age services. This paper, under the perspective of welfare pluralism, discusses the problems and reasons existing in the endowment service supply in our country, and on the basis of the advanced international experience, it puts forward a new mode for resolving the problems in the endowment service supply, namely the “116 endowment service supply model”. This mode advocates that a top-level design at the national level is necessary, together with cooperation among the community, family, workplace, folk society, market and school in the national endowment service information platform, aiming at building a unified, coordinated and complementary model of diversified elderly care service supply.

Pathogenesis and research progress of diabetes and cognitive impairment

With the improvement of quality of life and the acceleration of aging process of population, the prevalence of diabetes in adults in china is increasing, and the group of patients with diabetes combined with cognitive dysfunction is expanding. At present, diabetes combined with cognitive impairment is gradually becoming a hot issue of worldwide concern. In this paper, the pathogenesis of diabetes combined with cognitive dysfunction is described from the following aspects: metabolic abnormalities, cerebrovascular disease, inflammatory mediators, neurotrophic factor deficiency, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction, and activation of renin-angiotensin system.

Consensus of experts on the medical risk prevention for the patients with cardiovascular diseases during dental treatment (2022 edition)

With the aging process of population in the society, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China is increasing continuously and the number of dental patients with CVD is increasing gradually too. Due to the lack of guidelines for dental patients with CVD in our country, how to implement standardized preoperative evaluation and perioperative risk prevention remains a problem to be solved for dentists at present. The present expert consensus was reached by combining the clinical experiences of the expert group of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association and respiratory and cardiology experts in diagnosis and treatment for CVD patients, and by systematically summarizing the relevant international guidelines and literature regarding the relationship between CVD and oral diseases and the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients with heart failure, hypertension and antithrombotic therapy. The consensus aims to provide, for the dental clinicians, the criteria on diagnosis and treatment of CVD in dental patients in China so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the treatment levels of dental patients with CVD in China.

Current state of care for the elderly in China in the context of an aging population

The aim of the current study was to review the current state and characteristics of the elderly population in China in the context of aging, difficulties and challenges faced by older people, and efforts of the current Chinese Government in this area. The process of population aging in China began to accelerate in the late 1970s and has continued to increase at a rate of about 3.2% per year since then. This process took more than 45 years in developed countries, while it took only about 27 years in China, and aging may continue to increase for a long time. China is now moving toward a superannuated society due to declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy. There is a great need for care due to the high disease burden among older people. However, more than 1 million "families have lost their only child", and this number is increasing annually by about 76,000; moreover, there are a large number of "deficient families [with an injured family member]" in China. These families face greater difficulties due to aging and need to rely on society for more support given the lack of care provided by their children or spouses. The current study has focused on improving the quality of life of older people, helping them achieve healthy aging, and to assist the country in further providing care for the elderly.

Psycho-Cardiological Disease: A Bibliometric Review From 2001 to 2021.

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the progress and dynamics of psycho-cardiological disease research and track its hot spots. We have analyzed psycho-cardiological disease-related literature extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection from 2001 to 2021 with the help of Cite Space. As a result, we have included 5,032 records. Then, we have analyzed connected networks for the country, author, subject category, keywords, and cited reference. We have summarized the findings in four aspects. First, the annual quantitative distribution of publications is on the rise, although there is a slight drop. Second, in terms of country analysis, the United States, England, Australia, Germany, and Italy are the main research forces in psycho-cardiological diseases. At the same time, several academic entities represented by Andrew Steptoe and Roland von Känel, MD, have been formed based on the early consciousness of physical and mental health in these countries. Besides, China is also more concerned about it due to the rapid population aging process and the largest population. Third, the psycho-cardiological disease is multidisciplinary, including psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, such as cardiovascular system and neurology, public environmental and occupational health, and pharmacology. Finally, the results of keyword analysis and co-cited references indicate the hot spots and frontiers in psycho-cardiological disease. The hot spots in psycho-cardiological disease include three aspects. The first aspect includes psychosocial factors, such as depression, lack of social support, and low economic and social status; the second aspect includes priority populations, such as Alzheimer’s disease dementia caregivers, elderly, and patients with cancer, and the third aspect includes interventions, such as exercise therapy and diet. In addition, there are three future research frontiers. The first is a psycho-cardiological disease in patients with COVID-19; the second is cardiac rehabilitation, especially exercise therapy and health behavior evaluation; and the final is evidence-based medical evaluation, such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Functionality and seniors: where are we and where should we be going?Funcionalidade e pessoas idosas: onde estamos e para onde devemos ir?

RESUMENEl proceso de envejecimiento poblacional llevará a un aumento en problemas de salud en personas mayores, principalmente relacionados a su funcionalidad. En esta línea, los países de la Región de las Américas deben comenzar a actuar para hacer frente a este desafío. Una de las tareas fundamentales en este reto tiene que ver con la capacidad de medir y monitorear la funcionalidad de la población. Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluarla están enfocados principalmente en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria, lo que limita su capacidad preventiva por ser las actividades instrumentales las que permiten un mejor pronóstico. Usando el caso de Chile identificamos desafíos para la Región, principalmente relacionados con las ventajas de incorporar nuevas metodologías de evaluación de la capacidad funcional que no solo permitan las estrategias actuales sino, también, detectar precozmente su deterioro y monitorear sus estadios a lo largo de la dependencia en las personas mayores. Ello permitirá, a la vez, evaluar las iniciativas de prevención y manejo de la pérdida de la funcionalidad.

Features of Population Aging in China

Demographic aging is a global challenge, both for the world as a whole and for individual countries. The object of research in this text is the aging of the Chinese population, the subject of study is the specifics of the aging of the population in this country and the consequences associated with this process. The purpose of this work was to identify the risks of socio-economic development of the state caused by this phenomenon. The basis of the research methodology is the use of comparative analysis methods, as well as correlation and variation coefficients. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the identification of the features of China's demographic aging and socio-economic challenges associated with the aging process of the PRC population. China has completed the stage of implementing the first demographic dividend, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the scale of the consequences of population aging. In particular, in the coming decades, China will face a colossal increase by world standards in the coefficients of dependence on the elderly population (in particular, the growth of net consumers in older ages).

WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE CONTEXT OF AGING WORKFORCE IN EUROPE

The global process of population aging and changes in labour force participation models increase the median age of the working population. The increasing number and proportion of employed at age 60 and more inevitably affect workplace health promotion and is a challenge to all employers, companies and countries. The purpose of this article is to analyze the attitude of the society in European countries to the problem of the aging workforce, the extent to which employers assess specific health needs of older workers, and their willingness to adapt working conditions to them. The analysis is based on data collected by the European Agency for safety and health at work (EU-OSHA) in the framework of the Pan-European survey on occupational safety and health, the International Monetary fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), country profiles etc. The majority of employers consider that older workers are less productive, less adaptable to changes in the workplace, and therefore more at risk of stress. They confirm the necessity of programs and policies which make the working environment more friendly to old workers. At the same time, organizations which already implement such policies is low in most European countries. It varies from 1% to 24% in different countries. Although they are aware of the risks to which workers over the age of 60 are exposed, the development and implementation of health promotion programs in the workplace, addressing the specific needs of older workers, is not a widespread practice.

Fractions and trends of cancer burden attributable to population ageing in China

Objective: To analyse the fractions and trends of cancer burden attributable to population ageing, adult population size, age-specific incidence and case fatality rate in China between 1990 and 2019. Methods: We extracted data from the database of Global Disease Burden Study, including the number of cancer cases, deaths and corresponding population of 29 cancer types for Chinese adults aged 25 years and older from 1990 to 2019. Using the cancer deaths in 1990 as a reference, we employed a decomposition method to express cancer deaths as the product of four factors among men and women from 1991 to 2019. The fractions attributable to cancer deaths among total cancer deaths in that year were calculated and its time trends were assessed. Results: In 2019, we estimated that there were 2 690 000 cancer deaths among adults aged 25 and older in China. Of which, cancer deaths attributable to population ageing, adult population size, age-specific cancer incidence and case fatality rate were 740 000 (27.5% of total cancer deaths in 2019), 1 091 000 (40.6%), 198 000 (7.3%) and -728 000 (-27.1%), respectively. In 2019, lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer ranked the top five cancers among population ageing attributable to cancer deaths. For 29 cancer types, the fractions of population ageing attributable to cancer deaths among total deaths of that cancer were ranged from 9.3% to 40.5%. The ageing attributable to cancer deaths and its fractions were increased rapidly since 1997, while those estimates were negative before 1997. Conclusions: The population ageing process in China was one of the major contributors to the increase in cancer burden in recent years, which has caused more cancer deaths than that by age-specific cancer incidence. Accordingly, activities toward healthy ageing would be the key to cancer prevention and control.

Strengthening the research on the key factors and related mechanisms of elderly health

The process of population aging is gradually deepening, and the problems of disability, cognitive impairment and frailty are widely prevalent among the elderly in China. The key to healthy aging is to optimize functional ability, which is not only related to healthy people; many older adults suffer from one or more diseases, which do not affect their functional ability. The health of the elderly is affected by multi-dimensional factors such as heredity, environment, lifestyle, social behavior and mental psychology. Previous studies, focusing on the outcomes of death, diseases, functional ability and intrinsic capacity decline, have revealed a series of distribution characteristics and influencing factors, and found that there are special epidemiological characteristics on health among the oldest-old and are different from that in the general elderly. Nevertheless, there are still insufficient research to identify the key factors and related mechanisms of elderly health. This issue focused on the functional ability, intrinsic capacity and disease outcomes of the elderly, carried out analysis and research by using the data of national representative cohort and key areas, and made a series of explorations on the important factors and possible mechanisms of the elderly health, so as to provide scientific evidence for coping with population aging and health in China.

Ожидаемая продолжительность здоровой жизни в контексте Десятилетия здорового старения ООН

The article examines the dynamics of the healthy life expectancy (HALE) in the world, in the WHO European Region and in Russia. It provides cross-country comparisons, revealing the main trends in the dynamics of healthy life expectancy at birth and at older ages. The author notes that the most intense growth in healthy life expectancy can be observed in low-income countries; as wealth increases, growth in healthy life expectancy slows down. The author analyzes the differences in healthy life expectancy between the regions of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the inequality between Russian regions is higher compared to the inequality between groups of low- and high-income countries, between WHO regions, and between countries of the WHO European Region. Russia is one of the countries for which the territorial aspect of inequality in all its manifestations is of great importance. The article discusses various methods for assessing healthy life expectancy, adopted in international and Russian statistics. The study concludes that the HALE indicator used by WHO is optimal for assessing the performance of health systems, for monitoring the health situation of the population. The indicators calculated by Eurostat and Russian statistics are based on the population's self-perceived state of health. Self-perceived health status is essential for assessing the quality of life and determining the need for health care, social services and care, although it is subjective. This is especially important in terms of promoting healthy ageing. The process of population ageing in the world is accelerating more and more. Medical, social, economic, psychological problems associated with the ageing of the population are most acute in economically developed countries. Increasing healthy life expectancy, active longevity, and the development of the ‘silver economy’ are responses to the global demographic challenge of population ageing. Active longevity sets new directions for the development of various spheres of society: medicine, social protection, education and the labour market. At the same time, active longevity creates new types of inequality in these areas, associated with the availability of the necessary resources both at the country level and at the level of population groups and individuals.

Analysis of China's population growth forecast based on Leslie model under the three-child policy

The number and structure of the population are important factors affecting socio-economic development. China has experienced the implementation of "family planning", "comprehensive two-child" and "liberalized three-child" policies, which are all adjustments to the trend of China's population development. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model by combining relevant data. This paper establishes a mathematical model to predict the demographic situation of China in the next 10 years after the opening of the three-child policy, considering the age structure of China's population. Based on this, we analyze how to implement the new policies in medical care to further alleviate the aging process of China's population, considering the actual situation at present.