Popularization Of Cultural Heritage Research Articles

Әлеуметтік желілердегі қазақтілді контенттің өзекті мәселелері

Social networks have great communication and networking opportunities. Today, every user can create content in a format convenient for him, replenish his page with various photos, videos, notes - author's content. There is an opportunity to create content for a huge audience, authors with an audience of thousands and millions. Their responsibility to the audience is unconditional. This is both the content and the quality of the content. The amount of content in the Kazakh language is growing. However, does he really find his audience? Today, the creators of Kazakh content face such tasks as a creative approach, expansion of distribution channels, efficiency and effectiveness of work. The article presents recommendations for solving the above tasks. The authors note that the development of the ability to create and sell commercial offers by media specialists and content creators is very relevant at the present time. The purpose of this research work is to identify these difficulties and propose solutions based on international experience. Such aspects as broadcasting in the Kazakh language, creation of information, preservation and popularization of cultural heritage are touched upon. This work is relevant for self-earning and attracting advertisers. To achieve these goals, the article used survey and comparison methods. The article analyzes the results of a survey for content producers and for content consumers, and provides examples of barriers to the production of foreign content. The solutions of scientists to improve the content were also proposed. The work can be useful for journalists and content creators

Central Asia: Historical and Cultural Heritage in the structure of interethnic relations of the late XX – early XXI century

The article examines the history of the development of strategies and practices for the preservation of cultural and intangible cultural heritage in the countries of post-Soviet Central Asia. It is shown that they developed dynamically, in general, in accordance with global trends; they were correlated with UNESCO documents and fixed at the level of national legal systems, state cultural policy, in academic and socio-political discourses. The concepts of cultural heritage were the basis of the national sovereignty of the countries of Central Asia – the lists of internationally recognized objects of cultural heritage and masterpieces of intangible cultural heritage acquired a significant character. At the same time, in the course of a broad humanitarian dialogue, interethnic strategies for the study, preservation and popularization of cultural heritage were being formed. Their ideology was determined by the civilizational approach and the principles of "practical Eurasianism". When approving national priorities, the Central Asian states focused on multi-vector, multipolar cooperation, including relations in culture, politics, and economy. Historical and cultural heritage was a factor of their integration into the world cultural community and into the space of the Turkic world. With the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the processes of cultural dialogue in the post-Soviet space have reached a new level. The formation of variable integration models has determined one of the main trends in the development of Central Asian countries.

Protection and popularization of cultural heritage during the Central Rada and the Ukrainian state in 1918 in the context of the materials of the Kyiv newspaper "Vidrodzhennia"

Protection and popularization of cultural heritage during the Central Rada and the Ukrainian state in 1918 in the context of the materials of the Kyiv newspaper "Vidrodzhennia"

Social Perception of Artificial Intelligence and Digitization of Cultural Heritage: Russian Context

The article considers the social perception of artificial intelligence (AI) as an essential factor having an impact on the digitization, transfer, and popularization of cultural heritage. The article aims at the theoretical comprehension of the digital ontology and implementation of AI in the context of Russian realia. The research relies on comprehensive analysis based on statistical data, using descriptive and comparative methods. The interdisciplinary approach adopted includes reflexive analysis of both positive and negative consequences of the digitalization process. The article examines the peculiarities of the “digital ontology”, deterritorization effect, new actors in the digital process, the effect of digital trust, and opposite views of AI-enthusiasts and AI-alarmists. The article describes objective and subjective reasons for the negative perception of digital artifacts, and states the need to consider the influence of key figures in digital ontology: influencers, stakeholders, and data scientists. The ambivalence of public perception of both artificial intelligence and digital cultural heritage is stated. The research reveals digitization frontiers, which involve three factors: the axiological factor, indicating the need for consistency between a human values system and AI development programs; the subject vector, emphasizing the role of a new type of digital heritage bearers and digital influence actors; ethical factor associated with the need to transform relations with information technologies in order to subordinate them to human reflection and comprehension. The authors conclude that cultural heritage digitization should be aimed at generating a human-centered future.

Advanced Technologies Used in Digitizing the Cultural Heritage of Northwestern Colchis: The Experience of the Markul Expedition

The article presents the experience of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Science’s Markul Expedition, which utilized digital technologies for the study, preservation, and popularization of cultural heritage. The objective of the Markul Expedition was to obtain a complete picture of the historical and cultural landscape of Northwestern Colchis in antiquity by applying two key digital technologies: geographic information systems (GIS) and photogrammetry. The results obtained from the latter were used both independently and were integrated into GIS as separate layers (orthophotomaps, digital terrain models) or as hyperlinks to objects (3D models, videos, plans, sections, etc.). The objects investigated by the expedition are very diverse both in size and in terms of shooting conditions. Accordingly, each category of archaeological site required an individual approach, and a separate methodology and equipment. The final visualization angles differ to a fair extent from the original samples even though photogrammetry provides more accurate results than manual measurements. There are several reasons for this, including the vegetation, which is a dominant factor in the Caucasus subtropical area and led to partial visual distortions of the photographed objects. For this reason, the final projections of architectural forms required corrections and some hand drawing. In this process, new aspects appeared in the final result, resulting from the archaeologist and artist’s differing views of the objects. Our experience of using modern remote sensing technologies is also presented in the article.

Общественные музеи северо-востока Казахстана во второй половине XX - начале XXI в.

He article is devoted to the study of the process of formation and development of public museums in the northern and eastern regions of Kazakhstan. The relevance of studying the problems of social movements, in which the desire of people to learn about the history of their small homeland, cultural heritage in modern conditions, is significantly increasing. This is due to the growth of national self-awareness, the search for ethnocultural identity. In a number of former Soviet republics and, first of all, in Russia and Kazakhstan, the analysis of modern phenomena is often accompanied by an appeal to the historical experience of the Soviet Union. The analysis of a large array of documents carried out by the authors made it possible to identify the features of the formation and development of the local history movement and public museums from the 1950s to the present. The article reveals the objective and subjective factors of their mass revival in the second half of the 1960s: improvement of the material situation of the population, democratization of public life, search for effective means to implement the ideological tasks of the CPSU. Based on an interest in knowing its past, the local history movement gained powerful party and state support and was vividly embodied in the form of public museums. In contrast to the pre-war stage of its development, this movement was aimed not at the study of the natural and economic resources of the local region, but at the ideological processing of the main resource - the human one, which was consolidated in the party and state documents. In the 1990s, as a result of the transformation of the USSR , the liquidation of the CPSU, and the change in the role of the party in the political system, mass public museums that carried out an ideological, political and educational mission were deprived of material support for their existence. The only exceptions were museums of corporate, educational, scientific organizations, many of which limited themselves to performing representative functions. However, it would be wrong to limit ourselves to a negative and even neutral assessment of their social role. Even being ideologized, the activities of public museums contributed to the preservation and popularization of cultural heritage, the development of horizons, instilled a sense of patriotism, love for their native land, and contributed to the organization of leisure. Moreover, perhaps we are on the verge of another upsurge in the historical and local history movement. The peoples of many countries, sated with globalization, associate a new paradigm of their development with the growth of national self-awareness, patriotism, looking for their origins in their historical cultural heritage. It is no coincidence that the growth of public organizations is noted, the purpose of which is to preserve and popularize heritage, historical reconstruction, search work in places of battles, patriotic and social volunteering. New museums are also emerging based on private and public initiative.

Археологическая реконструкция изделий из керамики в музейной практике: принципы, задачи, возможности

В статье выявляется потенциал археологической реконструкции древней керамики для решения задач, связанных с сохранением и экспонированием археологического наследия в музеях. Материалами исследования стали результаты научных изысканий в области археологии, теории и практики реставрационного дела, а также международные и российские нормативные правовые акты, регламентирующие различные аспекты сохранения и популяризации культурного наследия. Проведен анализ процессов музейной и археологической реконструкции, в результате чего выявлена тождественность их целей. Поэтапно модулируется процесс воссоздания древней керамики, изготовления памятников от идеи зарождения предмета до стадии использования. Сделан вывод о значении археологической реконструкции как инструмента, с помощью которого в условиях музея можно осуществлять изучение и популяризацию культурного наследия, сохраняя в неприкосновенности подлинники. The article reveals the functional possibilities of archaeological reconstruction of ancient ceramic products that are part of museum collections in the aspect of preserving and popularizing the archaeological heritage in museums. The main materials involved in the research were the results of scientific research in the field of archaeology, theory and practice of restoration work, as well as international and Russian normative legal acts regulating various aspects of the preservation and popularization of cultural heritage. The research methodology is based on a functional approach, while axiological and typological methods, techniques used in archaeological source studies, and methods of reconstruction of artistic and technical processes were important tools. The reconstruction of ancient ceramics, undertaken during archaeological research and carried out by means of experimental and technological methods, is analyzed. The functions of reconstruction in modern archaeological research are determined, and the essence of archaeological reconstruction itself as a process of modeling the corresponding artifacts is characterized. The significance of cultural stereotypes in this process is clarified. The stages of creating a ceramic product are consistently identified. The ceramic product (as, indeed, any thing created by people) is considered as a product of human creativity and at the same time as a source of information about a certain technology. It has been established that reconstruction methods in the field of preserving architectural monuments cannot be the only basis for studying its capabilities in a museum, since they do not go beyond collecting formal data about a monument and creating its analogue in the form of a graphic or three-dimensional model. The technological aspects of creating the material structure of the artifact remain undisclosed. Museum items are considered as elements of the informational text of culture. The modern practice of the reconstruction of ceramic products in museums by creating models using fragments of genuine artifacts has been studied and evaluated. The author concludes that archaeological reconstruction is an effective tool with which it is possible to study and popularize cultural heritage, keeping the originals intact. Conclusions are made about the identity of the goals of the museum and archaeological reconstruction, the set of educational and research tasks solved by archaeological reconstruction in a museum is revealed.

Digitization in museums: Between a fashionable trend and market awareness

The purpose of this article is to verify how museums in Poland deal with the challenge of digital transformation. The proliferation of information and communications technology (ICT) enables the digitization of museum collections and increases their availability to the public. The preservation and popularization of cultural heritage, being an important part of the cultural policy, is a priority for the European Union, resulting in increased funding of digitization initiatives. The study presented in this article is based on a survey performed among a group of leading museums in Poland which are recorded in the State Register of Museums. The results show that museums accept digitization as a crucial element of their activity. 69% of the institutions present some part of their collections online and 94% intend to increase the scope of digitization. However, most institutions share less than 25% of their current collections online despite having a larger part digitized. 83% of museums share their collections exclusively on their own websites or dedicated platforms, and most institutions (62%) observe a positive connection between sharing collections online and the number of physical visits to the museum. The results also show that museums tend to prioritize heritage preservation over collection sharing.

Виртуальное измерение памятника и его репрезентация в цифровую эпоху

The process of transformation of communicative practices of interpretation and popularization of cultural heritage in the framework of the accelerating dissemination and integration of digital technologies in all spheres of human activity is considered. The rhizomorphism of modern digital culture is analyzed, which inevitably aff ects the nature of the representation of monuments in virtual space. It is hypothesized that, despite the variety of approaches presented for creating digital avatars of cultural institutions and cultural heritage objects in a virtual environment, none of the currently existing solutions for Saint-Petersburg makes it possible to represent a cultural heritage object in the context of its retrospective visualization and connection with other culturally signifi cant objects, such as events and personalities. Conceptual grounds are proposed for a deeper understanding of the cultural monument as a subject of representation. An attempt is made to comprehend the representative capabilities of digital instruments, moreover, the question of the need to develop a full-scale and multi-functional digital platform for representing cultural heritage sites is raised.

Directions for preservation and popularization of cultural heritage objects of Crimea peninsula

“Everyone is obliged to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to preserve historical and cultural monuments” (Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The study is aimed at considering the most promising methods of safekeeping, maintenance, popularization and museum presentation of cultural heritage. When working on the study, the methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis and the analogy method were used. The authors have identified and analyzed applied areas of safekeeping, maintenance, popularization and modern use of cultural heritage objects, namely: monuments of archeology, architecture and urban planning. Various techniques for inclusion of such objects in the modern socio-cultural and architectural-urban context were analysed. Criteria are selected for choosing monuments of architecture, urban planning and archeology for museification, as well as for their introduction into the tourist and recreational infrastructure of the region. Also the scenario of attracting the population, in particular youth, to the problem of preservation of cultural heritage objects is considered. The authors propose improvement of territory and construction of modular youth centers, and organization of cultural and entertainment events (festivals, exhibitions, historical quests, thematic fairs, performances) near or in the territory of the monument protection zones.

European Year of Cultural Heritage in Ukraine: Culturological Analysis of Tendencies

Based on cultural methodological tools, the trends of the European Year of Cultural Heritage in Ukraine were analysed. The main attention is paid to the problems of improving the legal mechanisms for the protection of cultural heritage, the activities of public organizations for the protection of the national cultural heritage, the cooperation of state and non-governmental organizations of Ukraine with UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the EU in the field of preservation and popularization of cultural heritage. The relevance of the chosen theme determines the need to analyse cultural heritage issues. An emphasis was placed on analysing the formation and evolution of traditions, customs, norms, values in the context of everyday life history. The proclamation of 2018 as the European and Ukrainian Year of Cultural Heritage contributed to intensifying interest to the problems of preservation and further development of all types of national cultural heritage, the adoption of extremely important decisions, and the improvement of the relevant legislation. The year witnessed the maturity of the segment of civil society in Ukraine that cares for cultural heritage. Provided the state and civil society act in the format of mutual support, it is possible to provide a clear policy on this issue at the governmental, regional and local levels. Therefore, the main goal of the further movement is to achieve the unity of state bodies, public organizations, the scientific community and the private sector in preserving all kinds of cultural heritage and protecting the cultural sovereignty of Ukraine.

Virtual humans in cultural heritage ICT applications: A review

Abstract Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming an increasingly important tool for the research, the communication and the popularization of cultural heritage. A great deal of 3D interactive reconstructions of artefacts, monuments and entire sites have been realized which meet the consent of both specialist and public at large. However, until a few years ago most of these reconstructions were basically static and often missing an important factor: human presence. Thanks to the advancements in the technology, in latest years Virtual Humans (VHs) have started being used in a variety of cultural-related VR applications. From simple 2D characters to complex 3D avatars, technology continues to evolve and so is the adoption of virtual assistants in digital heritage. The acceptance of such tools deserves a greater attention from the scientific community. When designing such applications, researchers need to take into consideration not only motivations and constraints, but also the type of virtual human fitting in the scenario. In this paper we aim at providing a state-of-the-art on this subject, focusing specifically on the cultural heritage area, underlining the technological challenges and also analyzing the effects of avatar interaction on user engagement, sense of immersion and learning effectiveness. This review also presents the usage of VHs from user's perspective and from the design point of view. We finally discuss the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and point out unsolved issues, identifying a set of recommendations and good practices to follow when designing VR-based cultural heritage applications including VHs.