Popularity In Russia Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В ГОРОДСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids (SIM). A new alternative to using a personal car is the use of a variety of personal protective equipment (SIM). SIM is a new era of development in the transport field. The devices began to gain particular popularity in Russia just a few years ago, and in foreign countries they are already actively used as a replacement for a personal car, developing the design and rules of use every year, thereby increasing safety.

О проблемах рисунка в сырах с участием пропионовокислых бактерий

Semi-hard cheeses with propionic acid bacteria have gained popularity in Russia: almost all major cheese plants produce this or that variety. However, semi-hard cheeses with propionic fermentation are notorious for certain defects that emerge during production. Irregular eye formation is one of the most common and visible defects that reduce product appeal for the end consumer. In an effort to reduce production cost and increase production volumes, cheese makers only aggravate improper eye formation. This article introduces the most frequent defects of propionic cheeses. For instance, butyric acid bacteria often appear as a result of production technology and cause surface cracks. Poor or irregular eye formation in the cheese matrix is another popular defect. Rindless cheese ripening leads to two more defects, which hardly ever occur during traditional rind cheese maturation. First, eyes may develop too close to the cheese surface. Second, vacuum packaging process may trigger ragged eye formation. A comprehensive understanding of factors that affect eye formation allows cheese makers and food scientists to concentrate their efforts on efficient methods to control the development of propionic acid bacteria in semi-hard cheeses. In-depth studies of eye formation, taste, and texture make it possible to avoid defects, reduce production cost, and make domestic products more competitive.

The Role of the Oath Taken by Foreigners for Becoming Naturalized Russian Citizens (from the 15th to the Early 20th Century)

This article considers the role of the oath of Russian citizenship as confirmation that foreigners become naturalized as Russian citizens. The concepts of “cross kissing”, “cross-kissing record”, and “oath” are examined in relation to the procedure of citizenship acquisition in Russia from the 15th to the early 20th century. Particular emphasis is placed on the genesis of the essence and scope of the oath institution in Russia. A comparative analysis is performed on the oaths taken by foreigners to assume the positions of public officials and subjects of the Russian emperors. The obtained results show that the change of citizenship did not entail compulsory religious conversion as long as the 17th century. All applicants for Russian citizenship had the right to take the oath in their native language and in front of the clergy member representing the religion they professed. As the oath of citizenship gained legitimacy and popularity in Russia, the lawmakers tried to unify the procedure, while ensuring that the oath text and ceremony remain sacred.

Kant and the “New Brain Line” of Akim Volynsky

The article treats the specific reception of I. Kant’s ideas by an eminent Russian philosopher, literary critic and art critic at the turn of the 19th–20th century Akim L. Volynsky. Unlike G. W. F. Hegel and F. W. J. Schelling, I. Kant did not enjoy popularity in Russia until the very end of the 19th century. The appearance of A. L. Volynsky’s work ‘Critical and Dogmatic Elements in Kant’s Philosophy’ (1889) became an important event in Russian cultural life. In this article A. L. Volynsky announced the inevitability of “the power of religious belief over all questions of life.” In so doing, he had set vector of the development of literature, philosophy and social consciousness in Russia and prepared a religious and philosophical renaissance of the turn of the century. I. Kant’s philosophy, which stands against dogmatism in thought and also establishes unbendable moral values, became a worldview ground for A.L.Volynsky in his struggle with Positivism, atheism and Utilitarianism that dominated over the society and literature at the time. However, his enthusiasm was not appreciated by his contemporaries — representatives of the Silver Age of Russian culture, among whom F.Nietzsche began to come into vogue. A. L. Volynsky was not a pioneer of Russian Kantianism. His article on Kant had only an indirect influence on his contemporaries. However, it was the first sign of Russian Kantian studies, ahead of the works by A. I. Vvedensky, V. S. Solovyov, I. I. Lapshin, N. Ya. Grot, F. A. Stepun, and others.

Borrowings from the Old Slavic Digenis Akritis in the Muscovite Buovo d’Antona (Bova Korolevich)

Abstract The Byzantine Greek “romantic epic” Digenis Akritis and the Venetian romance Buovo d’Antona, translated into different Slavic languages under different circumstances and traversing Slavic space by different routes, reached Muscovy in the sixteenth century – each undergoing significant editing there and ultimately becoming textually entangled. It has not been noticed before that the editor of a Muscovite redaction of Buovo borrowed a number of passages from an early redaction of the “formulaically styled” Slavic Digenis. The encounter of Buovo with Digenis may help explain the former work’s subsequent popularity in Russia, as it transformed the courtly hero Buovo d’Antona into the Russian folk hero Bova Korolevich. It also helps sketch a context for the direct ancestor of the most important extant manuscript of the Slavic Digenis.

The reasons for the disqualification of horses from equestrian distance running competitions, depending on the length of the distance

Equestrian distance running is a non-Olympic sport, but it continues to gain popularity in Russia. The rules for conducting competitions and allowing animals to start are strictly regulated by the Equestrian Federation of Russia (FKSR) and the International Federation (FEI). However, veterinary aspects are taken into account very superficially in the regulations, which requires the introduction of in-depth scientific knowledge about injury prevention, diagnosis and treatment of horses participating in endurance competitions. The article provides information about the reasons for the disqualification of horses that participate in endurance competitions. In total, 120 animals were examined at major competitions in Russia and the Netherlands. The result of the conducted research has shown that most often horses are disqualified due to lameness and the symptom complex of colic, and in isolated cases, at long distances from 120 km, myoglobinuria is detected in horses, which is a very dangerous condition for the life and health of animals. Myoglobinuria in our studies was detected mainly in the hot season. There are also literature data that indicate that the results of equestrian distance running competitions are influenced by climate, weather conditions, and soil quality. At competitions, depending on the level of training and qualification, horses run distances from 40 to 160 km in 1 day. It is obvious that the body of animals is subjected to huge loads and in preparation for each distance it is necessary to develop the most optimal approaches in training, feeding and rehabilitation. It is known that when passing a distance of 160 km, horses, as a rule, lose weight. In this regard, it was decided to identify the most common reasons for the disqualification of horses from competitions, depending on the distance covered.

История рецепции Терри Пратчетта в России

The article aims to trace the history of the entry of Terry Pratchett, a famous British writer in the genre of comic fantasy, into Russian culture. Although Russian scholars have turned to the work of this writer before, studies of his reception in the Russian-language cultural field have not been conducted. The article considers the issue of reception in different aspects: (1) the publication of novels in Russian, (2) reviews of literary critics, (3) the reader’s reaction to Pratchett’s novels, (4) the interest of the academic community in the work of the writer. Despite the wide success in his homeland at the end of the 1980s due to the Discworld comic book series, the name of the writer remained virtually unknown to the mass reader until the end of the 1990s in Russia, which was due to the lack of Russian reader’s preparation to perceive the works created to parody the fantasy genre. This study allows us to say with confidence that Pratchett’s popularity in Russia continues to grow and has not reached its peak yet. Starting later, in comparison with other authors of fantasy, the reception of Pratchett developed at a rapid pace and went through three main stages in its development. At the stage of acquaintance with the author’s books, already well-known to the English-speaking world (which began in the mid-1990s), the reception consisted almost solely in the translation of Pratchett’s novels into Russian by professional translators and amateur enthusiasts who posted their translations on the Internet. At the next stage (which started in 2004), the translations were supplemented with critical responses and reviews by the columnists of the magazine The World of Fiction, which performed both an introductory function and the function of forming the reader’s opinion. Along with professional critics, the opinion of the mass reader was spontaneously formed on the Internet. During this period, Pratchett gradually became a cult figure, as evidenced by the reader’s excitement associated with his arrival in Russia, the emergence of fan communities and fanfiction. At the same time, a research field associated with the name of Pratchett began to form in academic circles, which indicates that the author was gradually turning into a classic. The third stage (which began in 2018) was marked by the completion of the publication in Russian of the main Pratchett’s books, but the publication of his biographies, previously unpublished short stories, as well as reprints and editions of new translated versions aimed at satisfying the current reader’s “communication hunger” with the works of their favourite writer emerged

Перекодировка, переакцентуация, творческое усвоение (Топос незавершенности открытий предшественников в творчестве русских модернистов)

The article focuses on cultural transfer — i. e. the process of “reformatting,” which ideas, texts and authors inevitably undergo while getting into a foreign context. Based on the analysis of Russian modernist literature, which intensively assimilated the ideas of Western literature, the article shows how major cultural phenomena became a “productive basis” both for literary achievements of equal merit and for “popular,” imitative ones. The paper draws particular attention to the fact that even early writings of some of Western European authors gained more popularity in Russia than in their home countries. However, due to the intensity of literary and social life in Russia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the readers’ receptivity to literary novelties also enhanced. Russian modernists turned to their European “teachers” in order to resolve new issues, but at the same time they reinterpreted them. The formation of Russian modernist aesthetics went hand in hand with a revision of aesthetic and ideological principles of European authors, and discussions about the ways of further development of Russian literature and the role, which the “transplantation” of the latest achievements of Western culture played in it, generated the basis for the first manifestations of the Russian version of modernist aesthetics.

И.Г. ЮНГ-ШТИЛЛИНГ И А.Т. БОЛОТОВ: РЕЦЕПЦИЯ ИДЕЙ НЕМЕЦКОГО МИСТИКА В НЕАКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ СРЕДЕ

German mystic and theosophist Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740–1817) gained immense popularity in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. This fact is proven by numerous translations of his works and reminiscences of his ideas in literary texts and memoirs of the time. Scientist, philosopher, and writer A.T. Bolotov (1738–1833) was his great admirer, follower, and popularizer. The reception of Jung-Stilling is reflected both in Bolotov’s poetic experiments and his works “The old man with his grandson, or Conversations of an old man with his young grandson” (1822), “Assumed events in the Afterlife” (1823) and “About the souls of dead people” (1823) written in the form of Platonic dialogues. Bolotov’s example makes it possible to analyze the reception of the German mystic’s ideas and their dissemination in the non-academic environment.

Evaluating potato varieties for their suitability for processing into potato chips and french fries under the conditions of Primorsky kray

Significance. Potato products seem to be gaining popularity in Russia, especially potato chips and french fries. The processing of potato into food products reduces storage losses and the amount of transportation needed and allows the nutritional potential of potato to be harnessed fully. However, only a minor part of all produced potato is processed in Primorsky kray by small-scale enterprises. The lack of high quality raw material is the main reason for that. The research aim was to evaluate potato varieties from our collection nursery for the traits that determine potato suitability for the production of potato chips and french fries.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the Department of potato breeding and horticulture, FSBIS “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, in 2019-2021. One hundred and eighty potato hybrids of various origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The evaluation was conducted according to the guidelines on the assessment of potato varieties for their suitability for processing and storage with a few additions.Results. The conditions in 2019 were the most favorable for yield formation in medium-early (32.3 t/ha), mid-season (31.9 t/ha) and medium-late (33.1 t/ha) varieties. Early varieties were observed to have the highest mean yield in 2021 (34.0 t/ha). Biochemical parameters (the dry matter content) and the content of reducing sugars were optimal (22-24 % and less than 0.26 %, respectively) in varieties Vektar, Zhuravinka, Darnitsa, Pamyati Rogacheva, Lady Rosetta, VR 808. The morphological parameters (the shape of tubers, the quantity and depth of potato eyes) of varieties Severnyi, Bryanskii delikates, Danaya, Kurazh, Sante, Dubrava, Nayada made them the most suitable for the production of potato chips. Varieties Kolette, Narka, Innovator, Vdokhnovenie were determined to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. Based on the complex of morphological and biochemical parameters, 29 potato varieties were selected for the production of potato chips and 26 varieties were approved for the production of french fries. The degree of suitability varied from 6.4 to 8 points. Under the conditions of Primorsky kray, varieties Sante, Tanai, Nayada. Alyaska, Krasa Meshchery, Kazachok generate the most interest for the production of potato chips. Varieties Liga, Vesna Belaya, Udacha, Utenok, Charodei, Ocharovanie, Rikarda appear to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. These varieties have a high degree of suitability after harvest and good yield.

What is wrong with Fomushka the Chimney-Sweep?. Why the first Russian translation of C. Kingsley’s The Water Babies was a flop

The article is concerned with the first Russian translation of Charles Kingsley’s (1819–1875) The Water Babies (1863), one of the most controversial children’s books written by a British author: rich in allusions and quotations and disguised as a fairy tale, it features a powerful social commentary and a stinging satire of the Victorian society. On the back of the popularity of British children’s books, the novel was translated and published in 1874 — the second major work by C. Kingsley (who had been generously promoted by A. Kraevsky on the pages of Otechestvennye Zapiski) to have been printed in Russia, and the first ever translation of The Water Babies. The book, under the Russian title of The Adventures of Fomushka, the Chimney-Sweep, above Ground and under Water [Priklyucheniya Fomushki-trubochista na zemle i pod vodoyu], was lavishly illustrated, boasted a large print run and was extensively advertised in periodicals; yet it proved to be a failure. Its publication undermined Kingsley’s popularity in Russia and allowed ‘pochvennichestvo’- leaning reviewers to question the value of English children’s literature in general.

SHARING ECONOMY: THE BASICS OF MARKET RELATIONS IN NEW ECONOMIC REALITY

The article examines the features of the behavioral and business model of joint consumption and its impact on the market. The subject of the study is the transformation of commoditymonetary relations occurring in the sharing economy. Global expansion of joint consumption in the world and its growing popularity in Russia, alongside the lack of relevant studies in Russian literature determines the relevance of the work. In order to study economic nature and market foundations of sharing economy, the authors apply an interdisciplinary approach as well as general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and modeling. To assess the viability of this model in the face of new challenges, methods of statistical data analysis and expert assessments are used. The authors argue that the basis of sharing economy is a rationalistic model of individual’s behavior who refuses to own excess property in favor of temporary access to the good to save resources and maximize utility. The basic principles of sharing economy (rationality, efficiency, profitability, urgency and trust), as well as specific interaction of its participants, have an impact on commodity-monetary relations, leading to the transformation of market fundamentals: a change in private property paradigm, a shift in subjective foundations of the market and in the standard exchange scheme, a partial removal of market «failures». Recent challenges provide a real test of sharing economy, and demonstrate high adaptive abilities, which allows us to look positively at the future of a new consumption model and opens interesting areas for further research.

“Попкорн-дипломатия”: роль американских блокбастеров в вопросах миропорядка

Tensions in U.S-Russia relations have been on the rise over the last years. This article attempts to examine them through the prism of the clash between two different world order paradigms. While Russia has been promoting the concept of multipolarity as the next step from unipolarity, the U.S. abides by the concept of a ‘rule-based order built after the WWII with the American singular leadership’. The author argues that among public diplomacy instruments one of the most powerful in terms of promoting the American-centric paradigm of the world order are blockbusters – ‘popcorn diplomacy’. The paper offers an insight into how Hollywood movies are linked with Washington’s narrative of the world order. First of all, author explains why cinema should be considered a part of the U.S. public diplomacy’s arsenal, presenting several examples of both official and unofficial collaboration between American government and movie pictures’ industry. Using the methods of the popular geopolitics theory and cultural hegemony theory and applying content-analysis to several American popular blockbusters (chosen on the basis of their global popularity and popularity in Russia in particular), the author identifies certain techniques that help advance the American perception of the world and manipulate the public opinion in U.S. national interests. Specifically, article pays attention to what kind of picture is being presented to audience through movies via multiplication of geopolitical clichés, manipulation of historical facts and exploiting the symbolism of fictional plots that can be easily interpreted in terms of the U.S. national interests and foreign policy doctrine. In conclusion, the article discusses what risks and opportunities this policy poses for Russia.

РЕЦЕПЦИЯ ДРАМАТУРГИИ МАКСА ДРЕЙЕРА В РУССКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ В НАЧАЛЕ XX В. (1900-1914)

The article deals with the socio-cultural peculiarities of the perception of the German writer Max Dreyer in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. The research focuses on the theatrical discourse in the magazines and newspapers of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The study showed that the author, little known today, enjoyed wide popularity in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. His plays were performed in many theaters, both in the capital and in regions. A quick and lively response to foreign theatrical novelties and their transfer to the Russian stage was a general cultural trend of the era. This is the era of the rise of public interest in the theater and in contemporary Russian and Western drama novelties. The vector of socio-cultural development is what predetermined the demand for the German playwright in Russia. In Germany Dreyer’s most popular play was “The Trial Candidate”, in Russia, “The Seventeen Year Olds”. One of the most important factors in its success was that Dreyer’s work fell in line with major trends and preferences in the theatrical repertoire. His interest in the question of women, the problems of contradiction between dream and reality, the theme of a pure soul suffering from lies and social conventions was common

Huck Finn’s Adventures in the Land of the Soviet People

Mark Twain enjoyed immense popularity in Russia from the moment his writings became available in translation starting in 1872. The prerevolutionary fascination with his works only intensified after the emergence of the Soviet State, as Twain's critical stance towards the realities of American life, his antiracism, and his disdain for organized religion, made him extremely palatable to the new socialist government. Between 1918 and the end of 1958, more than 10.2 million copies of his books were published in the USSR. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer dominated the market with eighteen editions during that same period, but Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was quite popular as well. This essay focuses on Daruzes’s popular 1955 translation of Huck Finn in order to examine and challenge Sarukhanyan’s conclusions about the universal embrace and deep intercultural understanding of the novel in the Soviet Union. A comparison with the 1911 translation by Mikhail Engelgardt helps highlight the problems in the Russian representation of Twain’s heroes and topics, and the effects of specific translation choices on the overall message of the text.

A “moral state” or a new theocracy after all? Polemical notes in connection with the new concept of Russian statehood

The article contains a review of Sergey N. Baburin's monograph “The Moral State. The Rus-sian view on the values of constitutionalism”. The review is presented in the form of a po-lemic about the concept of the so-called moral state, which has recently gained some pop-ularity in Russia due to the strengthening of conservative-traditionalist principles in the country's domestic and foreign policy.

Civil War as Musical Comedy: The Representation of the Ukrainian Revolution in the Soviet Film Wedding in Malinovka (1967)

This article explains the continued popularity in Russia of the 1967 Soviet film Wedding in Malinovka by analyzing its reliance on the traditional Russian cultural stereotype of Ukraine embedded in the burlesque style of kotliarevshchyna. The threat that the Ukrainian Revolution historically represented to Soviet Russian identity is normalised in the film, as well as in the 1936 eponymous operetta on which it is based, by framing it as an ethnic musical sitcom with dances. Although the two main yokels of the musical hail from a long line of Ukrainian and Jewish characters of popular theatre, both are also deeply ambivalent: one is a trickster who suddenly embraces the Bolshevik cause, while the other is the funniest and least threatening villain in Soviet film.

Acquisition of English Argument Patterns By Russian EFL Students

Foreign (especially English) language learning has witnessed growing popularity in Russia over the last decades due to the enormous change in economic, political, legal, and cultural domains in the current period. The increasing need for good English speaking and writing skills put forward a demand for the accurate use of lexical items and grammatical structures by those who study English as a foreign language (EFL). Lexical and grammatical accuracy acquires a crucial importance in reasoning and argumentation. A slapdash word or syntactic construction in the argument structure may submit the listener to a conclusion, which is completely different from what the speaker implied. Such issues may be particularly frustrating in academic, legal, business, medical, and other types of institutional discourse. The rules of Aristotelian logic, underlying the good majority of reasoning structures, are generic. Therefore, it is a certain difference between the two languages, native (Russian) and foreign (English), that makes Russian students of English misinterprete logical chains and use irrelevant lexical items and grammatical constructions.

Пушкин и Жорж Санд

The proposed article reveals the problem of objective perception of Pushkin's skeptical attitude to the personality of George Sand and her novels. In some mystical way this skeptical attitude was connected with poet’s attitude to the personality of Anna Kern and her work as George Sand’s translator and in the same time (as Pushkin guesed) with her being George Sand’s “copy”. But Anna Kern was not “a copy” of George Sand. She was 5 years older, and her multitude love stories (including her love story with Pushkin himself) preceded the world-known George Sand’s love stories – in her life and in her novels as well. Simultaneously Pushkin created a novel in George Sand’s genre – histoire d’amour sur fond champêtre (this genre was in fact created by George Sand): “Dubrovskiy, le roman infini”. This unfinished novel gives us a key to the nature of Pushkin's skeptical attitude – neither to the personality of George Sand nor to her novels – but to some values propagated by Franch writer, especially the free interpretation of married women’s duties. George Sand’s popularity all over Europe (including Russia) promoted the dissimination of those values. The comparison of Pushkin's “Dubrovskiy” with George Sand’s “Valentine” (1832) brings some clarification of the matter. Plot and social and historic background of “Dubrovskiy” and “Valentine” are almost the same, and it is no coincidence. Pushkin chooses for “Dubrovskiy” the circumstances which give him an opportunity for polemic with George Sand’s “Valentine”. But the polemic begins where “Dubrovskiy” is left finished (rather unfinished). A mistery of the unfinished Pushkin’s novel has never been resolved ever since. Well-known Pushkin’s plan of it’s final part is nothing more than a stingy outline. Nevertheless the context of other Pushkin’s works and his biography gives us some opportunities for a reconstruction of his arguments (subjective and objective as well) in his polemic with George Sand. А comparison of Pushkin’s “Dubrovskiy” with Pushkin’s “Snowstorm” and a final part of “Evgeniy Onegin” clearly shows author’s intentions in the unfinished novel. Dostoyevskiy (in his speech devoted to the opening of Pushkin’s monument in Moscow) had announced the matter in such words: “A Russian woman is not a French one”. Given George Sand’s popularity in Russia in the second part of 19 century it can be argued that Dostoyevskiy had in mind Pushkin’s discussion on the so called “woman`s question” with the author of “Valentine”.

Special Aspects of the Incidence of Acute Intestinal Infections in the Population of the Tuapsinsky District

Summary. Introduction: Identification of hygienic determinants of the epidemic process and their inducing factors is an urgent regional problem that ensures a decrease in infectious disease rates in modern conditions. One of the priority tasks of the Russian economy is the development of beach tourism in coastal areas. Medical tourism is gaining more and more popularity in Russia: this direction is one of the most promising and demanded. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, 45 % of Russian tourists prefer beach holidays. Development of a competitive, highly efficient tourist and recreational complex is impossible without a modern approach to assessing safety of recreational water facilities for the population and minimizing risks of adverse health effects of recreational water use in holidaymakers. The anthropogenic factor influences reliability of assessments of the local hygienic and epidemic situation. The establishment of cause-effect relationships between the environment and the disease is the basis for elaborating preventive actions. The objective of our study was to analyze the incidence of acute intestinal infections in the local population of the Black Sea coast of the Tuapsinsky district, Krasnodar Krai, and visitors from other regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We applied epidemiological and statistical methods of analyzing disease incidence taking into account terrain features, age of patients, and seasons of the year. Laboratory test results were used to confirm the etiology of diseases registered in the district. Results: We established season- and age-specific increase in the incidence of acute intestinal infections among groups of the local population having excluded cases among the visitors. The incidence was noted for a high rate of acute intestinal infections caused by potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses in coastal areas with a developed resort and spa infrastructure as compared to the mountainous areas. We also observed a recent rising trend in the incidence of viral gastrointestinal infections with rotaviruses accounting for 89.8 % of all cases of acute intestinal infections in 2018. Discussion: Our findings were used to develop appropriate preventive measures and to make managerial decisions on surveillance of the recreational facilities in order to prevent the risk of gastrointestinal infections in the area and to create a safe environment for tourists. Conclusions: In the summer months, acute intestinal infections in the area were induced by potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The majority of cases were registered among holidaymakers while children aged 1-6 years were most at risk for gastrointestinal infections.