Popular Search Engines Research Articles

Creating a Compelling Data Story: Inside a Search Engine's Ad Sales Strategy

The case revolves around a marketing/sales executive who works in the Ad Sales wing of a popular search engine. Over the course of the case, the protagonist realizes that their marketing strategy needs to refocus on a different vertical than the one they have been paying the most attention to. He had done the required data analysis and feels the data strongly points to a need for change in their strategy. However, he needs to convincing the higher management by put together a compelling pitch using storytelling elements, so that the message in his data gets across clearly, compelling them to act.

Como ensinar design interespécies? O ensino formal em biodesign

The community of biodesign (interspecies design collaborations) seems to be heading toward solid self-organization and formalization. Some authors speculate that the approximation to biology could mark the design practice of the 21st century. It seems relevant to understand how teaching and learning are happening in biodesign to develop how it could be further introduced in design curricula. It doesn’t seem that an analysis of formal education was made yet. To address this research gap, this paper aims to understand the formal education scene in biodesign through an analysis of some of the main biodesign courses and programs. The methodological strategy is a systematic and a narrative review through a popular search engine. 16 results were analyzed: 1 Masterclass for Professionals, 8 courses, 1 undergraduate course (Major), 4 master’s, and 2 Ph.D. programs

Usability of Patient Education–Oriented Cataract Surgery Websites

PurposeTo assess the web accessibility and readability of patient-oriented educational websites for cataract surgery. DesignCross-sectional electronic survey. SubjectsWebsites with information dedicated to educating patients about cataract surgery. MethodsAn incognito search for “cataract surgery” was performed using a popular search engine. The top 100 patient-oriented cataract surgery websites that came up were included and categorized as institutional, private practice, or medical organization according to authorship. Each site was assessed for readability using four standardized reading grade-level formulas. Accessibility was assessed through multilingual availability, accessibility menu availability, complementary educational video availability, and conformance and adherence to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. A standard t-test and chi-squared analysis were performed to assess the significance of differences with regard to readability and accessibility among the three authorship categories. Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures were the website’s average reading grade level, number of accessibility violations, multilingual availability, accessibility menu availability, complementary educational video availability, accessibility conformance level, and violation of the perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust (POUR) principles according to the WCAG 2.0. Results32, 55, and 13 sites were affiliated with institutions, private practice, and other medical organizations, respectively. The overall mean reading grade was 11.8 ± 1.6, with higher reading levels observed in private practice websites compared to institutions and medical organizations combined (12.1 vs. 11.4; P=0.03). Fewer private practice websites had multiple language options compared to institutional and medical organization websites combined (5.5% vs. 20.0%; P=0.03). More private practice websites had accessibility menus than institutions and medical organizations combined (27.3% vs. 8.9%; P=0.038). The overall mean number of WCAG 2.0 POUR principle violations was 17.1 ± 23.1 with no significant difference among groups. Eighty-five percent of websites violated the perceivable principle. ConclusionsAvailable patient-oriented online information for cataract surgery may not be comprehensible to the general public. Readability and accessibility aspects should be considered when designing these resources.

Online Patient Education Resources for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Assessment of the Accuracy and Reliability of Information on the Internet Over the Past Decade.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of patient education materials accessible through popular online search engines regarding anteriorcruciateligament (ACL) injuries and anteriorcruciateligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: Two search terms ("ACL surgery" and "ACL reconstruction") were entered into three search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing). The quality of information was scored using a novel scoring system developed and overseen by sports medicine orthopedic clinical research fellows and fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons. Website quality, credibility, and readability were further assessed by the DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL), respectively. The Health On the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification was also utilized to assess the transparency of health information for each website. We evaluated 39 websites. The average score for all websites was 11.2±5.6 out of 28 total points. Six out of the 39 websites (41%) were HONcodecertified. The websites that contained HONcode certification had a higher average JAMA benchmark score (3.5±0.7) and DISCERN score (44.6±14.7) when compared to the websites without the certification, 2.2±1.2and 37.6 ± 15.9for JAMA and DISCERN, respectively. The mean JAMA benchmark score was 2.7±1.2 (67.5%) for all websites out of a possible four points. The average FKRGL for all 39 websites was 10.0±2.0 (range: 5.4-13). The quality of patient education materials accessible on the internet regarding ACL injuries and ACLR can be misleading and directly impact the patient's decision-making process essential to the patient-physician relationship over the past decade. The internet can be a helpful online resource, however, surgeon clarification and consultation with qualified healthcare professionals are strongly recommended prior to clinical decision-making regarding potential treatment options.

Internet Health Resources on Nocturnal Enuresis: A Readability, Quality, and Accuracy Analysis.

Nocturnal enuresis is a common yet quality-of-life-limiting pediatric condition. There is an increasing trend for parents to obtain information on the disease's nature and treatment options via the internet. However, the quality of health-related information on the internet varies greatly and is largely uncontrolled and unregulated. With this study, a readability, quality, and accuracy evaluation of the health information regarding nocturnal enuresis is carried out. A questionnaire was administered to parents and patients with nocturnal enuresis to determine their use of the internet to research their condition. The most common search terms were determined, and the first 30 websites returned by the most popular search engines were used to assess the quality of information about nocturnal enuresis. Each site was categorized by type and assessed for readability using the Gunning fog score, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and Dale-Chall score; for quality using the DISCERN score; and for accuracy by comparison to the International Children's Continence Society guidelines by three experienced pediatric urologists and nephrologists. A total of 30 websites were assessed and classified into five categories: professional (n = 13), nonprofit (n = 8), commercial (n = 4), government (n = 3), and other (n = 2). The information was considered difficult for the public to comprehend, with mean Gunning fog, SMOG index, and Dale-Chall scores of 12.1 ± 4.3, 14.1 ± 4.3, and 8.1 ± 1.3, respectively. The mean summed DISCERN score was 41 ± 11.6 out of 75. Only seven (23%) websites were considered of good quality (DISCERN score > 50). The mean accuracy score of the websites was 3.2 ± 0.6 out of 5. Commercial websites were of the poorest quality and accuracy. Websites generally scored well in providing their aims and identifying treatment benefits and options, while they lacked references and information regarding treatment risks and mechanisms. Online information about nocturnal enuresis exists for parents; however, most websites are of suboptimal quality, readability, and accuracy. Pediatric surgeons should be aware of parents' health-information-seeking behavior and be proactive in guiding parents to identify high-quality resources.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM BROWN ALGAE

Recently, macroalgae has found extensive utilization within the domain of biotechnology. Based on their variety of bioactive components, species of class Phaeophyceae are involved in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Studies have proved that these unique compounds show beneficial activities for human health. With peculiar properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral activities, and related functionalities, each compound holds potential value for human health. This review discusses the bioactive compounds of brown algae and the recent multiple applications of those components that make up algae’s potential in industrial companies. The review was conducted by searching and selecting references related to the content of interest with popular web search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed.

Insights from the media into the bird trade in India: an analysis of reported seizures

AbstractIndia has an extensive bird trade that provides income and livelihoods for many people but involves considerable unregulated and illegal activity, threatening both native and exotic species and posing potential health risks to people and wildlife. Action to curb illegal trade is vital, but there is currently a lack of information on trade routes and the species involved to inform the development of strategies to address such trade. We therefore examined media reports of bird trade seizures published during 2010–2020 as a cost-effective approach to gaining insights into the composition and structure of the bird trade in India. We collected 182 media reports referring to 109 seizure events by searching for keywords on popular search engines and Indian newspaper websites. We found that 25,850 birds were seized, most frequently members of the family Psittacidae. Of the 58 species identified, 18 were native and 40 non-native to India. The greatest numbers of birds were seized in Uttar Pradesh. Analyses of trade networks indicate that Uttar Pradesh is an important trade hotspot particularly for native species and has strong transnational connections with neighbouring Nepal. We identified West Bengal as an important trade hotspot, particularly for non-native species, probably because of its extensive land borders with neighbouring countries, including Bangladesh. Our study highlights priority areas for interventions as well as key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate the development of strategies to manage illegal, unsustainable and otherwise harmful trading of birds.

Online resources for information on shoulder arthroplasty: an assessment of quality and readability.

Many patients use online resources to educate themselves on surgical procedures and make well-informed healthcare decisions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality and readability of online resources exploring shoulder arthroplasty. An internet search pertaining to shoulder arthroplasty (partial, anatomic, and reverse) was conducted using the three most popular online search engines. The top 25 results generated from each term in each search engine were included. Webpages were excluded if they were duplicates, advertised by search engines, subpages of other pages, required payments or subscription, or were irrelevant to our scope. Webpages were classified into different source categories. Quality of information was assessed by HONcode certification, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, and DISCERN benchmark criteria. Webpage readability was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES). Our final dataset included 125 web pages. Academic sources were the most common with 45 web pages (36.0%) followed by physician/private practice with 39 web pages (31.2%). The mean JAMA and DISCERN scores for all web pages were 1.96±1.31 and 51.4±10.7, respectively. The total mean FRES score was 44.0±11.0. Only nine web pages (7.2%) were HONcode certified. Websites specified for healthcare professionals had the highest JAMA and DISCERN scores with means of 2.92±0.90 and 57.96±8.91, respectively (P<0.001). HONcode-certified webpages had higher quality and readability scores than other web pages. Web-based patient resources for shoulder arthroplasty information did not show high-quality scores and easy readability. When presenting medical information, sources should maintain a balance between readability and quality and should seek HONcode certification as it helps establish the reliability and accessibility of the presented information. Level of evidence: IV.

AlphaPeptStats: an open-source Python package for automated and scalable statistical analysis of mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

The widespread application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in biomedical research increasingly requires robust, transparent, and streamlined solutions to extract statistically reliable insights. We have designed and implemented AlphaPeptStats, an inclusive Python package with currently with broad functionalities for normalization, imputation, visualization, and statistical analysis of label-free proteomics data. It modularly builds on the established stack of Python scientific libraries and is accompanied by a rigorous testing framework with 98% test coverage. It imports the output of a range of popular search engines. Data can be filtered and normalized according to user specifications. At its heart, AlphaPeptStats provides a wide range of robust statistical algorithms such as t-tests, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and multiple covariate analysis-all in an automatable manner. Data visualization capabilities include heat maps, volcano plots, and scatter plots in publication-ready format. AlphaPeptStats advances proteomic research through its robust tools that enable researchers to manually or automatically explore complex datasets to identify interesting patterns and outliers. AlphaPeptStats is implemented in Python and part of the AlphaPept framework. It is released under a permissive Apache license. The source code and one-click installers are freely available and on GitHub athttps://github.com/MannLabs/alphapeptstats.

A qualitative evaluation of internet information on hip and knee osteoarthritis.

Hip and knee arthritis are two of the most common conditions that result in referral to orthopaedic outpatient clinics. Many patients now use the internet to research their condition and to inform their decision about treatment options. This has implications for the process of informed consent. To assess the quality of patient information on the internet regarding hip and knee arthritis. 'Hip arthritis' and 'Knee arthritis' were entered as search terms into a popular search engine. To adjust for temporal variation, the process was repeated one month and one year later. Of the 200 results analysed, 83 websites met the inclusion criteria. The quality of patient information presented on these websites was assessed using a validated scoring instrument by two independent observers. Most websites assessed were of poor quality; nearly half of all websites did not mention any risks or complications associated with surgical intervention for these conditions. As part of their professional obligation to provide a robust process of informed consent, clinicians should be aware of the variable quality of patient information available on the internet. As such, they should be prepared to advise their patients about quality websites where reliable information can be sought.

Into the Unknown: Exploration of Search Engines’ Responses to Users with Depression and Anxiety

Researchers worldwide have explored the behavioral nuances that emerge from interactions of individuals afflicted by mental health disorders (MHD) with persuasive technologies, mainly social media. Yet, there is a gap in the analysis pertaining to a persuasive technology that is part of their everyday lives: web search engines (SE). Each day, users with MHD embark on information seeking journeys using popular SE, like Google or Bing. Every step of the search process for better or worse has the potential to influence a searcher’s mindset. In this work, we empirically investigate what subliminal stimulus SE present to these vulnerable individuals during their searches. For this, we use synthetic queries to produce associated query suggestions and search engine results pages. Then we infer the subliminal stimulus present in text from SE, i.e., query suggestions, snippets, and web resources. Findings from our empirical analysis reveal that the subliminal stimulus displayed by SE at different stages of the information seeking process differ between MHD searchers and our control group composed of “average” SE users. Outcomes from this work showcase open problems related to query suggestions, search engine result pages, and ranking that the information retrieval community needs to address so that SE can better support individuals with MHD.

Using Retrieved Sources for Semantic and Lexical Plagiarism Detection

Plagiarism is described as using someone else's ideas or work without their permission. Using lexical and semantic text similarity notions, this paper presents a plagiarism detection system for examining suspicious texts against available sources on the Web. The user can upload suspicious files in pdf or docx formats. The system will search three popular search engines for the source text (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) and try to identify the top five results for each search engine on the first retrieved page. The corpus is made up of the downloaded files and scraped web page text of the search engines' results. The corpus text and suspicious documents will then be encoded as vectors. For lexical plagiarism detection, the system will leverage Jaccard similarity and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) techniques, while for semantic plagiarism detection, Doc2Vec and Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (SBERT) intelligent text representation models will be used. Following that, the system compares the suspicious text to the corpus text. Finally, a generated plagiarism report will show the total plagiarism ratio, the plagiarism ratio from each source, and other details.

Mistle: bringing spectral library predictions to metaproteomics with an efficient search index.

Deep learning has moved to the forefront of tandem mass spectrometry-driven proteomics and authentic prediction for peptide fragmentation is more feasible than ever. Still, at this point spectral prediction is mainly used to validate database search results or for confined search spaces. Fully predicted spectral libraries have not yet been efficiently adapted to large search space problems that often occur in metaproteomics or proteogenomics. In this study, we showcase a workflow that uses Prosit for spectral library predictions on two common metaproteomes and implement an indexing and search algorithm, Mistle, to efficiently identify experimental mass spectra within the library. Hence, the workflow emulates a classic protein sequence database search with protein digestion but builds a searchable index from spectral predictions as an in-between step. We compare Mistle to popular search engines, both on a spectral and database search level, and provide evidence that this approach is more accurate than a database search using MSFragger. Mistle outperforms other spectral library search engines in terms of run time and proves to be extremely memory efficient with a 4- to 22-fold decrease in RAM usage. This makes Mistle universally applicable to large search spaces, e.g. covering comprehensive sequence databases of diverse microbiomes. Mistle is freely available on GitHub at https://github.com/BAMeScience/Mistle.

Overview of ICARUS-A Curated, Open Access, Online Repository for Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Data.

Atmospheric simulation chambers continue to be indispensable tools for research in the atmospheric sciences. Insights from chamber studies are integrated into atmospheric chemical transport models, which are used for science-informed policy decisions. However, a centralized data management and access infrastructure for their scientific products had not been available in the United States and many parts of the world. ICARUS (Integrated Chamber Atmospheric data Repository for Unified Science) is an open access, searchable, web-based infrastructure for storing, sharing, discovering, and utilizing atmospheric chamber data [https://icarus.ucdavis.edu]. ICARUS has two parts: a data intake portal and a search and discovery portal. Data in ICARUS are curated, uniform, interactive, indexed on popular search engines, mirrored by other repositories, version-tracked, vocabulary-controlled, and citable. ICARUS hosts both legacy data and new data in compliance with open access data mandates. Targeted data discovery is available based on key experimental parameters, including organic reactants and mixtures that are managed using the PubChem chemical database, oxidant information, nitrogen oxide (NOx) content, alkylperoxy radical (RO2) fate, seed particle information, environmental conditions, and reaction categories. A discipline-specific repository such as ICARUS with high amounts of metadata works to support the evaluation and revision of atmospheric model mechanisms, intercomparison of data and models, and the development of new model frameworks that can have more predictive power in the current and future atmosphere. The open accessibility and interactive nature of ICARUS data may also be useful for teaching, data mining, and training machine learning models.

Enrichr-KG: bridging enrichment analysis across multiple libraries.

Gene and protein set enrichment analysis is a critical step in the analysis of data collected from omics experiments. Enrichr is a popular gene set enrichment analysis web-server search engine that contains hundreds of thousands of annotated gene sets. While Enrichr has been useful in providing enrichment analysis with many gene set libraries from different categories, integrating enrichment results across libraries and domains of knowledge can further hypothesis generation. To this end, Enrichr-KG is a knowledge graph database and a web-server application that combines selected gene set libraries from Enrichr for integrative enrichment analysis and visualization. The enrichment results are presented as subgraphs made of nodes and links that connect genes to their enriched terms. In addition, users of Enrichr-KG can add gene-gene links, as well as predicted genesto the subgraphs. This graphical representation of cross-library results with enriched and predicted genes can illuminate hidden associations between genes and annotated enriched terms from across datasets and resources. Enrichr-KG currently serves 26 gene set libraries from different categories that include transcription, pathways, ontologies, diseases/drugs, and cell types. To demonstrate the utility of Enrichr-KG we provide several case studies. Enrichr-KG is freely available at: https://maayanlab.cloud/enrichr-kg.

Assessment of Available Online Website and YouTube Resources for Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Over the last decade, patients displayed a greater tendency to search for online information related to their health before seeking advice from a clinician. This study aims to determine the current quality and educational content of online patient information for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). In March 2022, the three most popular search engines by market shares (Google, Yahoo! and Bing) and the video platform YouTube were interrogated for the term "abdominal aortic aneurysm". Validated scoring tools were used to assess quality and readability of the top 50 results for each search engine and to evaluate reliability and educational quality of the first 20 YouTube videos returned by the search. A custom-made scoring system was used to assess content. 45 unique websites were analysed, 29% of which held Health on the Net (HoN) Certification. Median FRE (IQR) was 56.4 (50.4-62.75), with the average website falling under the "difficult to read" category. Median Michigan score (IQR) was 38.5 (32-43.5), reflecting "weak" quality. Websites with higher content-specific score had significantly higher median Michigan score. Sixty percent of websites discussed benefit and risks related to AAA treatment and only 31% discussed advantages and disadvantages of open vs endovascular treatment. No websites mentioned the volume-outcome relationship in aneurysm surgery. 8 unique YouTube videos were assessed. Median JAMA score (IQR) was 2 (2-2.25). Median Global Quality Score (GQS) score (IQR) was 3 (2-4). Median content score was 1 (0-2). The current average online information on AAA is of 'weak' quality and 'difficult' (i.e., above the standard reading ability of a 13 to 15 years old) readability. Healthcare providers should focus on the provision of better AAA-focused patient information (e.g. appropriately referenced, regularly reviewed and limiting advertisements where possible). The involvement of patient advisory groups during resource development is highly recommended.

Interest in Historical Figures on the World Wide Web as a Marker of Historical Consciousness in Contemporary Ukraine

The purpose of the article – to determine the specifics and intensity of interest in M. Hrushevskyi from 2004 to 2022 based on statistical data from the Google search engine.&#x0D; The scientific novelty of the study consists in clarifying the peculiarities of M. Hrushevskyi’s reception in cyberspace, manifested in the frequency of searching for information about him using the popular Google search engine, as well as Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia.&#x0D; Conclusions. At the end of our research, we conclude that M. Hrushevskyi appears to be a well-known and important figure to Ukrainian users, but on the contrary, does not generate much interest amongst Internet users from other countries. As we can see from the acquired results, search queries concerning M. Hrushevskyi are mainly dominated by scientific and didactic topics. Therefore, a certain working hypothesis can be derived in that the discourse dealing with M. Hrushevskyi is not noticeably politicized, as might be expected given his dizzying career during the revolutionary years. Instead, the discourse relates more to education, cultural heritage research, memory and history. The obtained data will be useful primarily to sociologists working on establishing the attitude change dynamics of Ukrainians towards our most famous historical figures.

The Relationship between Search Engines and Entrepreneurship Development: A Granger-VECM Approach

The decision to set-up a business as a sole proprietor—also individual entrepreneur or sole trader—is a consequential one for every nascent entrepreneur. Sole proprietorship businesses have remained the most popular business structure in many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia, and are vital to the sustainable development of countries and regions. In this research, we developed a model to investigate if increased online interest in sole proprietorships led to the creation of new sole proprietorship businesses in four regions of Russia. Search engine data were retrieved from Russia’s most popular search engine, Yandex, whereas data on newly registered individual entrepreneurship businesses were retrieved from Russia’s Federal Tax Service. Our model was comprised of a range of statistical methods, including the augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, the Johansen cointegration test, the Granger causality Wald test, and the vector error correction model. The results revealed a unidirectional causal relationship between search engine data and newly established individual entrepreneurship businesses. This means that interest in individual entrepreneurship, measured through search engine data, influenced the creation of new individual entrepreneurship businesses. This research provides a pioneering empirical investigation of the topic in post-Soviet states, and its main contribution includes introducing search engine data as a key tool for assessing entrepreneurial intention.

Readability and quality of online patient health information on parotidectomy.

Complications of parotidectomy can have a massive impact on patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the readability and quality of online health information on parotidectomy. The search terms 'parotidectomy', 'parotid surgery', 'parotidectomy patient information' and 'parotid surgery patient information' were parsed through three popular search engines. The websites were analysed using readability scores of the Flesch Reading Ease test and the Gunning Fog Index. The DISCERN instrument was used to assess quality and reliability. The average Flesch Reading Ease score was 50.2 ± 9.0, indicating that the materials were fairly difficult to read, the Gunning Fog Index score showed that the patient health information was suitable for an individual above 12th grade level, and the DISCERN score indicated that the online patient health information had fair quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in Flesch Reading Ease and DISCERN tool scores according to website category (p < 0.05). Current online patient health information on parotidectomy is too difficult for the public to understand, and it exceeds the reading levels recommended by Health Education England and the American Medical Association.

Qualitative Assessment of Quality and Readability of Patient-Directed Online Resources for Cochlear Implants in Children.

Children with sensorineural hearing loss can benefit from cochlear implantation (CI). Patients can obtain direct access to medical information on the internet. However, the internet is uncontrolled, and the quality and readability of information are unpredictable. The quality and readability of websites providing information about CI in children were assessed in this study. Cross-sectional study. Online search. The 3 most popular search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) were queried with the phrases "cochlear implant" and "cochlear implant in children." The DISCERN instrument was used to assess the information quality. The readability was evaluated using 5 validated readability indices. Of 103 websites, the median DISCERN quality score was 33 (interquartile range [IQR], 27-41). Only 5 websites were considered to be of good quality, and 1 was excellent. The median readability school grade was 11th (IQR, 10-12), which fell within the range defined as difficult. No website was at or below the recommended sixth-grade level. There was no correlation between readability and the DISCERN scores (r = -0.105, p = .291). Our study suggests that most websites with information on CI for children are of variable quality and are written beyond the reading ability of the general population. Website builders should focus on improving the readability of their online material to help the average reader understand and benefit from the content.