Popular Newspapers Research Articles

«The New York Times»: the experience of editorship formula formation in the ХІХ-th с.

Nowadays, the global newspapers market is considered to be in deep crisis as shown by the decrease in circulations, narrowing of the distribution areas, and the advertising market capacity decrease. At the same time, the quality newspapers that cover social and political issues, (e.g. The New York Times) stay very influential and effective in terms of financial indicators. The determination of factors that allow such newspapers to operate effectively in conditions of market decrease is an important task for both researchers and actors of media space. The paper herein is aimed at discovering of such factors with the use of the studies of The New York Times as the most influential newspaper in the US. The subject is studied with the use of researches on newspaper’s genesis and Adolph Ochs’s influence on setting the factors that have been supporting the newspaper effective operations so far. The biographical and ideographical approaches are used to determine the basics that Adolph Ochs used to reform the newspaper in XIX century. The results herein show that Ochs used the business-oriented approach for the newspaper: he used the popular newspapers optimization methods for the quality press (lowered the retail price, increased the advertising space, increased the size of advertisements, and optimized the delivery methods) but aimed at intellectuals as a main target audience. Ochs showed that the use of appropriate informational and economical politics allows the newspaper to be successful on informational market since US society demanded for the quality journalistic. The understanding of the development strategy of one of the leading newspaper that remains successful in modern conditions of media space transformation is beneficial not only for the building of competition practice but for the modernization of local and national segments of newspaper industry. The paper’s results may be used for adjusting the strategies of existing media and for the comparison of the basics specified herein with the basics of other quality newspapers.

Who first created the Chinese term for psychology-Xin Li Xue?

Shu-Chang Yan's (2018) recent article challenged the popular notion that the formal translation of psychology into Chinese-Xin Li Xue ()-was first made by the Japanese scholar Nishi Amane (1829-1897) in 1875 (Nishi, 1875; Zhao, 1983, 1991) when translating Joseph Haven's Mental Philosophy (see Haven, 1869; Howland, 2002; Koizumi, 1971). In the archive of Shanghai News, a popular newspaper in 19th- and 20th-century Shanghai (see Ye, 2017; Zhao & Zhang, 2004), Yan discovered that a Chinese intellectual with the penname of Zhi Quan Ju Shi () had already used Xin Li Xue as the name for psychology or mental philosophy on November 28, 1872- 3 years earlier than Nishi's book Haven's Psychology. The 1872 article was about the author's conversation with a Western missionary on the relation between science and the church in the West and a similar prospect in China- that is, that science was gaining the momentum to push aside religion. In the article, Zhi Quan Ju Shi designated some disciplines, including chemistry, astronomy, and psychology, with the same terms used in modern China. Yan thus argued that before Nishi's translation of psychology was widely accepted in China, Zhi Quan Ju Shi had already coined the same term and published it in mass media. Yan then continued to explore who used the penname of Zhi Quan Ju Shi in Shanghai News. Finally, Yan explained why Zhu's publication of the term did not have as profound an influence as Nishi's book. At the end of the 19th century, with the import of psychological knowledge, some Western missionaries and Chinese intellectuals translated the subject into other terms similar to Xin Li Xue, such as Xin Ling Xue () by C. W. Mateer in 1876 and Yongjing Yan in 1889 and Xin Xue () by Yan Fu in 1886 (see Wang, 2015; Zhao, 1983). They were all products of traditional Chinese culture encountering Western psychology. However, those terms were not widely accepted because the contributors were dictionary editors or newspaper journalists outside psychological institutions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Restoring Arabic vowels through omission-tolerant dictionary lookup

Vowels in Arabic are optional orthographic symbols written as diacritics above or below letters. In Arabic texts, typically more than 97 percent of written words do not explicitly show any of the vowels they contain; that is to say, depending on the author, genre and field, less than 3 percent of words include any explicit vowel. Although numerous studies have been published on the issue of restoring the omitted vowels in speech technologies, little attention has been given to this problem in papers dedicated to written Arabic technologies.f In this research, we present Arabic-Unitex, an Arabic Language Resource, with emphasis on vowel representation and encoding. Specifically, we present two dozens of rules formalizing a detailed description of vowel omission in written text. They are typographical rules integrated into large-coverage resources for morphological annotation. For restoring vowels, our resources are capable of identifying words in which the vowels are not shown, as well as words in which the vowels are partially or fully included. By taking into account these rules, our resources are able to compute and restore for each word form a list of compatible fully vowelized candidates through omission-tolerant dictionary lookup. Our program performs the analysis of 5000 words/second for running text (20 pages/second). Based on these comprehensive linguistic resources, we created a spell checker that detects any invalid/misplaced vowel in a fully or partially vowelized form. Finally, our resources provide a lexical coverage of more than 99 percent of the words used in popular newspapers, and restore vowels in words (out of context) simply and efficiently.

‘Think imperially’: Indian journalists’ goodwill visits to White Australia, 1927 and 1947

ABSTRACTAcademic research on the White Australia Policy has spanned the history of Asian migration and policy-making initiatives in Australia. However, the role of popular transnational media images and stories of the past that inform the socio-cultural understanding of Australia–India cross-cultural relations has been under evaluated. In this paper, using unexplored archival material from popular newspaper reports and columns, I will examine the ‘goodwill visits’ of two Indian journalists, K. K. Lalkaka and Sir R. Srinivasa Sarma, to Australia in 1927 and 1947. By assessing the role of these two journalists, this paper will highlight transnational issues such as migration, ethnicity, race, class and trade between the two countries. Borrowing from Vineet Thakur’s research highlighting the role of first diplomats in the pre-independence era India, this article will contribute to the field of history in Indian diplomatic studies and historiography of Australian–Indian cross-cultural relations.

Культура сприймання та аналізу медіатекстів популярних видань медичної тематики

Nowadays, in society, an increase in the volume of information and unrestricted access to it requires an adequate level of information perception culture, hence the education of a competent media consumer, the formation of his personal media culture. The question of the formation of individual media culture among the readers of the medical press is not sufficiently highlighted in the scientific and methodological literature, which predetermined the choice of the topic of research.The article analyzes the concept of media culture in the information society and its interrelation with the general, informational and communicative culture. The components of media culture are defined — media awareness and media literacy. The composition of popular newspapers and medical magazines of 2019 are considered, the classification characteristics for their division.The purpose of the article is to determine the essence, specificity of the culture of perceiving media texts of popular medical issues, and to characterize such publications. The study of the culture of media perception of periodicals on medical topics deepens and clarifies the theory of social communications, provides practical material for theoretical generalizations.The publications are analyzed in the presence of different formats — only printed editions or printed editions and their electronic analogues. Great value and demand among readers have platforms where you can quickly exchange information, receive answers to questions, expert advice.On the subject are singled out one-level and various-mathematical publications. According to the linguistic feature, only Ukrainian-language publications and those published in several languages (Russian, English and German), or only in Russian, are highlighted. The thematic content of the publications is determined, it is accentuated on their cognitive and educational functions.The types of media consumers are indicated by the level of perception of information and the development of media culture. The stages of perceiving media texts of the non-specialized press on medical topics are generalized and systematized.The motivation for the consumption of media products is described. Problems in media perception are encountered by readers of popular medical issues. It is noted that the result of conscious perception of the content and form of media texts is changes in the outlook of media consumers, their emotions and behavior. It is about development: self-knowledge, self-education, self-education of media consumers in order to regulate their own health; communicative abilities, realized in the creation of their own media text; creative expression.The problems of information culture in popular editions of medical subjects (inaccurate interpretation of certain problems, representation of hypotheses as established facts, manipulation of the consciousness of readers), which adversely affect the media perception of readers are revealed.

Decreased Sun’s activity will lead to a small ice age

Due to the cold weather in 2014 and 2018-2019, millions of people around the world began to pay attention to the problem of «global cooling». In our country this problem has become known thanks to the publications of an article of physicist H. Abdussamatov in «Science and Life» (2009) and an interview with an English Professor of Mathematics V. Zharkova in a popular Russian newspaper «Komsomolskaya Pravda» (2018). During the preparation of the materials, we talked with many climate researchers in Russia and abroad, and we met some unanimous opinions based on the firm belief that climate warming will occur. The point of view of «climate warming» is so widespread that it seems a self-evident truth, it is unequivocal and does not need special evidence, and any attempt to challenge it may seem a hopeless effort. But Russian physicist H. Abdussamatov and English Professor of Mathematics V. Zharkova firmly claim the onset of global cooling in the middle of this century. We asked them to tell us about the latest results of their research. The Sun determines the Earth’s climate

Communication as travel: The genre of letters to the dead in public media

The phenomenon of personally addressing the dead through letters published in public media is a prevalent communicative practice that has earned little academic notice. This practice disrupts some common communication principles and provides us with new understandings of how communication works – by travelling, rather than reaching an end. To encapsulate and characterize this phenomenon, this article focuses on an Israeli case study of letters written to the dead and published in popular newspapers. I use a media ecology approach to phenomenologically classify five sets of characteristics in order to stimulate future discussion and analysis.

Representation of Women in the News: Balancing between Career and Family Life

An in-depth literature review showed that women, despite their increasingly prominent roles worldwide, continue to be persistently underrepresented and stereotyped in news media. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the representation of women changed over time in two Dutch-speaking Belgian newspapers <em>De Standaard </em>and <em>Het Laatste Nieuws</em>. An automated quantitative content analysis revealed that there is no increase of the number of women in the newspapers between 2005 and 2015. On the contrary, women are significantly less represented over time in the popular newspaper<em> Het Laatste Nieuws</em>. A qualitative analysis on two cases about women stepping into a leadership position—in 2012 (Catherine De Bolle<em> </em>as head of the Federal police) and in 2014 (Dominique Leroy<em> </em>as CEO of a Belgian telecom company)—showed that the press emphasised their femininity, their being a role model for other women, their being part of a family and having certain looks. Moreover, these women are clearly portrayed as ‘the best candidate’ pointing at the selection procedures and their capabilities to perform professionally. Probably, this strong emphasis is a way of justifying that these women are not selected because of positive discrimination. Further analysis of cases of both men and women stepping into top positions across countries and media platforms is recommended.

IMPACT OF NEWSPAPER COVERAGE ON THEATRE PUBLICITY, POPULARITY AND PATRONAGE IN NIGERIA

This study examined and measured the impact of newspaper coverage on theatre publicity, popularity and patronage in Nigeria. The work appraises the extent to which Nigerian newspapers (by extension, the media) are contributing toward enhancing theatre publicity, popularity and patronage in Nigeria. The study utilized questions such as: do newspapers presently give attention to and thus provide publicity to theatres and their programmes? Is such attention worthwhile (adequate) under the present scheme of things or need to be intensified? How often do newspapers report theatre events? Do newspapers report theatre events more as features than as straight news, editorial or letters to editors? Coding schedule was used as the measuring instrument for data collection. A purposively selected sample comprising three Nigerian newspapers was studied. Content analysis research method was applied in carrying out the study. The study revealed that the contribution(s) of Nigerian newspapers to theatre popularity and patronage through publicity provided by their news coverage/feature stories is very minimal and grossly inadequate premised on the following findings: they do not give prominent attention to theatre events and programmes. They hardly report (place) news about theatre events and programmes on the front pages. They do not frequently report theatre events and programmes. Furthermore, they do not utilize features in presenting theatre events or programmes stories. The study therefore recommended that theatre producers and managers should intensify newspaper publicity options by setting up private newspapers or establishing mutually beneficial links with popular newspapers in view of promoting theatre publicity, popularity and patronage in Nigeria.

Media portrayals of mental disorder in Saudi Arabia: a review of popular newspapers.

Newspapers are influential sources of information and opinion on mental health, but careless reporting may reinforce stigma. This review examined portrayals of mental disorder in Saudi Arabian newspapers. A cross-sectional sample (N = 200) of relevant articles was obtained from four of the most popular newspapers. These were categorised for descriptive and thematic analysis, using an established framework. The theme of highest frequency was advocacy, actions, and concerns; such articles were likely to have a positive impact by raising public awareness. Similarly, numerous reports with the theme of treatment and recovery informed readers of developments in mental health care, potentially breaking down barriers to seeking help. The theme of blame was found in a quarter of the articles; in addition to discussing environmental and genetic factors, there were several commentaries or reports on spiritual possession, which could perpetuate stigmatising ideas. While portrayals of mental disorder in Saudi newspapers show similarities to media coverage in other countries, distinct cultural perspectives were evident, including the prevailing notion of the 'evil eye'. The authors recommend collaboration of mental health experts, patients and family carers to devise guidelines for more accurate reporting of mental disorder by Saudi media.

NGO–school interactions as portrayed by elite and popular press in Israel and England

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to map, characterize and conceptualize the press discourse of NGO–school interactions within public education in Israel and in England.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a corpus of articles published in key elite and popular daily newspapers in Israel and in England. The data were analyzed through two complementary methodologies, framing analysis (FA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA).FindingsSignificant differences were observed in the way the topic is framed in the articles, in particular between the different types of newspapers. The elite newspapers (Ha’aretz and The Guardian) tended to frame the events in a thematic manner even when they contained episodic discussions, while the popular newspapers (Yedioth Aharonoth and The Times) tended to cover the events episodically with no thematic coverage whatsoever. CDA of news items identified two major themes: financial issues, and problematization vs normalization discourse. Consistent with the FA, CDA revealed differences in the approaches advocated by popular and elite news outlets in covering news concerning NGO–school relations in each of the examined countries.Originality/valueIt is shown how popular newspapers offer the masses that depend on it a narrow and inferior coverage, of the problematic relations formed between NGOs and schools. A discussion of possible implications of the findings is presented, in light of the growing prominence of external entities in public education.

Women Reading Popular Press: an Analysis of Merapi and Pos Kota readers

This research examines how women read the popular press. The main question of this research is to what extent the popular press has relevance and functional values for women readers? The study was conducted on the readers of two popular newspapers in Indonesia, Merapi in Yogyakarta and Pos Kota in Jakarta. Through in-depth interviews, the study found that women have a pleasure of reading popular press because of its relevance and functionality. Although most of the news tells about crime and violence, those themes are relevant and functional for their daily life. The informants read almost all the criminal news. According to them, the criminal news provide information about what is happening in their environment so that they can always be careful, mainly related to the supervision of their children. In contrast, women do not particularly like political news because it is irrelevant to their life. In this case, political news is considered as male domain. The cultural factors also provide relevance for women readers, especially Merapi. The women who read Merapi very enjoy reading mystery stories, Jagad Lelembut, which is closely related to their local culture contexts.Keywords: popular press; women readers; Pos Kota; Merapi; relevance; functionality.

28 June in the Serbian calendar of 1985-1991

The article is devoted to the formation of the contemporary Vidovdan tradition in the Socialist Republic of Serbia in 1985-1991. Beings the key date in modern Serbian national history, 28 June was used to provide commemorative practices by various Serbian forces during the decomposition of centralised power in Yugoslavia in that period. The process of codifying of a new national mythology precipitated by the disintegration processes in the SFRY after the death of Tito, is examined on the background of the political discourse in Serbia. The research uses sources such as the public speeches and writings of leading political figures (above all Slobodan Milosevic), which are openly available, for example the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and which were published in the three most popular newspapers in the Socialist Republic of Serbia: Борба (Struggle), Политика (Politics) and Вечерње новости (Evening News) and the two main newspapers of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo: Rilindja (Revival) and Jeдинство (Unity). The research concludes that it is obvious that the establishing of a tradition of celebrating the anniversary of the Kosovo Battle as an annual public holiday is directly related to the interests of the political forces in SR Serbia.

Content Analysis of Selected Kannada Newspapers

The present study was conducted in Haveri district of Karnataka state. Three popular Kannada newspapers (Prajavani, Vijayavani and Udayavani) were selected for study based on their highest circulation for the period of 9 months (April to December) for content analysis. Data were collected from Monday and Tuesday. Only agriculture information published in agriculture column during selected time were countable part of the study. The result clearly showed that space provided for the agriculture information was very less (5.72%) from three selected newspapers. Prajavani provided more space (7.67%) for agriculture information when compared to other two newspapers.

The role of suggestion in public opinion shaping of the audience of the Internet editions

Introduction. Mass-and socially communicative technologies, that produce the content of modern mass media, are aimed at changing the beliefs, worldview, value orientations of the society, formation of certain behavioral patterns, and transformation of public opinion. Consumers of information, in particular, the audience of Internet editions, become an object of external influences and information aggression. Thus, a comprehensive study of the influence of semantic and structural organization of the content of the modern mass media on public opinion formation is really an actual and urgent task. The purpose of our research is to determine the role of such kind of manipulative technology as a suggestion in shaping the public opinion of the content consumers of the Internet editions (on the material of the electronic versions of the popular newspapers «The Guardian», «USA Today», «China Daily», «The Day», «Moscow Times»). In addition to theoretical, the basic methods of research were also empirical, in particular sociological research, for which the questionnaire was compiled. The respondents were offered to answer 13 questions, 10 of which were of a closed type and 3 questions on an assessment by a scale from 1 to 10. The questionnaire consisted of two blocks. The first block «Target Survey» contained 5 questions, the second block «Associative experiment» – 8 questions Anonymous survey was conducted in December 2018 – March 2019. The audience of the survey consisted of postgraduate students of different specialties, lecturers, and students of the departments of Germanic philology, journalism, and philology at Sumy State University (1st, 2nd, and 3d year students). According to the results of the survey, the most popular sources of information are social networks and electronic information portals, and newspapers. The level of confidence in the popular mass media is 75 %, while most consumers trust electronic information portals and newspapers. The level of influence on the personal opinion of the consumers of information is 60 %. The overall efficiency of the suggestion is 80 %. By the level of influence in its initial effect on the change and formation of reactions, the most effective instruments of suggestion at the lexical level are irony, emotionally-marked vocabulary, contrasts, set-expressions, metaphor-symbols, and also the instruments at the communicative-strategic level (emotionally-evaluative judgments). Keywords: public opinion, Internet editions, content, suggestion, survey.

Potrait of Women’s Morality in Short Stories Published in Indonesian Newspapers

Potrait of Women’s Morality in Short Stories Published in Indonesian Newspapers Aji Septiaji., Zuriyati, Aceng Rahmat Abstract This study is encouraged by the concept of morality towards men and women which proposed by Gilligan and Kohlberg. According to Gilligan, women’s orientation includes caring, such as affection, attention, and responsibility towards others. The issue of women in the critique of feminism is dominated by equality and justice in the social strata that men and women should have equal rights. This study focus on the concept of morality proposed by Gilligan which believes that women’s attitudes are categorized in three aspects, namely preconvention (individualist), conventional (willing to sacrifice), post conventional (decision making). A number of female figures were analyzed in Indonesian newspapers, Kompasis a popular newspapers in Indonesia that issues short story weekly. The method employed in this study is content analysis. There were 23 out of 130 short stories which analyzed based on 2010-2015 collection of selected short storiesin Kompas. The results of the study show that the individualistic (pre-conventional) attitude of women is caused by her self-interest, security, and worry. Women’s sacrifice (conventional) is caused by compassion and affection. Meanwhile, the decision (post-conventional) of women is caused by reciprocal relationships with feelings of regret, happiness, hesitation, confidence, despair, and resignation. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v7n1a13

Leer el gran libro de la vida. La decodificación del genoma humano en la prensa francesa

<p>Durante una conferencia de prensa de gran impacto, el 26 de junio de 2000 se anunció la decodificación casi completa del genoma humano en forma conjunta por parte de un consorcio público internacional, el Proyecto Genoma Humano, y Celera Genomics, una compañía privada. Con similar repercusión, en febrero de 2001 se repitió el anuncio con motivo de la publicación de los resultados en las revistas Science y Nature. Los principales medios de comunicación informaron y comentaron extensamente esos acontecimientos.<br />En este trabajo analizamos los artículos aparecidos en los principales periódicos franceses (La Croix, Le Figaro, L’ Humanité, Libération, Le Monde y Le Parisien) en ocasión de dichos anuncios, abordando tanto las metáforas movilizadas alrededor del proyecto Genoma, las infografías y las explicaciones de su valor científico como sus análisis de la repercusión de semejante hito. De hecho, pocos periódicos recuerdan a sus lectores que el ser humano no está totalmente inscrito en sus genes, y que su historia y su entorno lo marcan tanto como su código genético. Siempre vigente, resurge la vieja discusión acerca de lo innato y lo adquirido. El sentido mismo de lo que es el ADN, el soporte material de una parte más o menos grande de lo que se trasmite de generación en generación, difiere según los periódicos y según los lectores. La visión de los investigadores y la confianza que podemos o debemos brindarles, la importancia de la aventura intelectual o de las aplicaciones concretas y los riesgos potenciales entran en las diferentes representaciones de esta “avanzada” de la ciencia.<br />En la cobertura periodística hallamos diferentes filosofías sobre el ser humano. Los periódicos populares siguen preocupados por las perspectivas eugenistas; aquellos con fuertes referencias morales (cualesquiera sean éstas, desde L’Humanité a La Croix o Le Figaro) recuerdan con energía el papel de la historia y del entorno en la formación del hombre, allí donde otros, Libération en particular, tienden a verla inscrito en sus genes. Se aprecia, pues, una gran diversidad de discursos que expresan diferentes visiones de la ciencia. De forma sistemática la prensa popular toma cierta distancia del mundo científico, recordando los cuestionamientos de orden ético que plantean sus trabajos. Los periódicos considerados de élite se muestran más cercanos a las instituciones, políticas o científicas, más prestos a brindar su confianza a los investigadores, con ciertos matices. En suma, los discursos mediáticos ostentan las huellas de las preguntas y las vacilaciones de una sociedad que se enfrenta a unas ciencias de la vida que interrogan y llevan más lejos los límites de la humanidad.</p>

Asymmetric Effects of Policy Uncertainty on the Demand for Money in the United States

A comprehensive measure of economic uncertainty, known as “Policy Uncertainty”, which was constructed by the Economic Policy Uncertainty Group by searching popular newspapers for uncertain terms associated with economic factors and its impact on macro variables, is gaining momentum. Although some researchers have assessed its impact on the demand for money in a few countries, we considered the U.S.A. demand for money one more time and showed that when a linear money demand was estimated, policy uncertainty had no long-run effects. However, when a nonlinear model was estimated, the results showed that while increased policy uncertainty induces the public to hold less money in the long run, decreased uncertainty has no long-run effects, a clear sign of asymmetric response.

Publicidade e representação social da Naturologia em jornais e revistas não acadêmicas no Brasil

Objetivo: Identificar as representações sociais acerca da Naturologiadivulgados na mídia digital por jornais e revistas não acadêmicas no Brasil. Método: Pesquisa do tipo documental, realizada no acervo digital das revistas e jornais de maior circulação no Brasil. Os dados referentes à amostra de notícias foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ® e analisados a partir da freqüência, ocorrência e similitude entre os termos. A análise foi feita a luz da teoria da representação social por meio dos mecanismos de ancoragem e objetivação.Resultados: Foi possível identificar que a naturologia é representada em 4 grandes grupos (p<0,0001): formação profissional na área (31,0%), regulamentação governamental (26,7%), ensino de técnicas autoaplicáveis (25,4%), e práticas em grupos específicos (16,9%). Os assuntos são abordados objetivando apresentar a naturopatia como uma opção extra ao alcance do bem-estar. Conclusão: As representações da mídia colaboraram na apresentação da naturologiacomo uma formação acadêmica cercada de regulamentos, o que é um aspecto positivo, porém ainda é forte o caráter complementar e com aspectos negativos como temas centrais. Assim, considerando a influência destas mídias, faz-se necessário maior aprofundamento e acerca da representação social da Naturologia.

Obraz Polaka-imigranta przedstawiony na łamach Dialy Mail i The Sun podczas kampanii wyborczej w Wielkiej Brytanii w 2015 roku

Polish mass immigration to the United Kingdom after 2004 according to the British media, has had a big impact on changing the look of the contemporary Britain. Polish immigrants apear in a public debate but more often are not presented in a good light. The purpose of this paper is to examine the image of the Polish immigrants presented mainly by Daily Mail, one of the most popular newspapers in the UK, which has got a big impact on forming a negative attitude towards Eastern Europeans. The paper doesn’t describe the the scale of the Polish immigration in the UK but it tries to show the way of perception of Poles by British tabloids.