Poppy Seed Research Articles

Türk Mutfağında Füzyon Uygulamalarına Yaklaşım Ölçeğinin Geçerlenmesi

This study aimed to validate the Approach to fusion applications in Turkish scale and determine individuals' approach to fusion cuisine applications (new foods). In this context, fusion cuisine applications using products from Turkish cuisine making use of Italian and French cuisine were determined. The study sample consisted of 257 individuals, 110 females and 147 males, from among civil servants working in the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Ankara who participated voluntarily using the convenience sampling method. The validity and reliability coefficient of the measuring tool for approach to fusion applications in Turkish cuisine in this study was found to be suitable. Looking at the gender variable in the subscale of the Approach to fusion practices in Turkish scale, consisting of expressions such as I will try pancakes with poppy seeds, I will try breadcrumbs and sesame, and I will try biscotti prepared with dried fruits, men were found to be more innovative than women with products that were a fusion of Turkish and French cuisine. Looking at the variable in the subscale of the Approach to fusion practices in Turkish scale, it was determined that individuals with experience abroad are more skeptical than those without such experience. In the traditionalist subscale of the Approach to fusion applications in Turkish scale, consisting of expressions such as I will not try vegetable Frittata (Italian omelets) prepared with ostrich eggs, I will not try lamb skewers marinated in Chianti, women were found to be less traditional than men with products that were a fusion of Turkish and Italian cuisine. Fusion cuisine practices in Turkish cuisine are a new culinary trend for societies that are accustomed to traditional cuisine culture, and all the products offered in this trend can be seen as new gastronomic products.

Design and testing of a prototype foot orthosis that uses the principle of granular jamming.

A mechanical testing protocol was used to compare the material properties of commercially available foams with that of a newly designed granular jamming orthosis prototypes. Foot orthoses have an inherent limitation of predetermined mechanical material properties coupled with a fixed orthotic interface shape that cannot be readily changed. To develop and test a novel orthotic insole design concept that incorporates principles of granular jamming. Granular media were used in combination with vacuum pressure to create a variable stiffness granular foot orthosis. Four types of granular media (rice, poppy seeds, micropolystyrene, and polystyrene beads) were tested in different prototype configurations varying in volume fill and particulate size. Stress-strain curves were obtained from uniaxial compression tests to characterize granular foot orthosis prototypes in comparison with commercial orthotic foams. Increasing vacuum pressure increased prototype stiffness for most configurations. A single granular jamming orthosis could exhibit energy absorption values that spanned the entire commercial foam performance range, and in some cases extended far beyond the upper values of the tested foams. The results suggest that granular jamming principles can provide clinicians the capability for rapid selection of mechanical properties over a wide range of orthosis stiffnesses. Importantly, patients could don the orthosis because the clinician makes real-time assessments and adjustments in the clinic.

Reduction of Morphine During Baking? Response: Commentary: Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds.

Reduction of Morphine During Baking? Response: Commentary: Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds.

A morphometric approach to track opium poppy domestication

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum) was likely domesticated in the Western Mediterranean, where its putative wild ancestor is indigenous, and then spread to central and northern Europe. While opium poppy seeds are regularly identified in archaeobotanical studies, the absence of morphological criteria to distinguish the seeds of wild and domestic forms prevents the documentation of their respective historical and geographical occurrences and of the process of opium domestication as a whole. To fill this gap and better understand the status of this crop in the Neolithic, we combined seed outline analyses, namely elliptic Fourier transforms, with other morphometric descriptors to describe and identify Papaver setigerum, Papaver somniferum and other Papaver taxa. The combination of all measured parameters gives the most precise predictions for the identification of all seven taxa. We finally provide a case study on a Neolithic assemblage from a pile-dwelling site in Switzerland (Zurich-Parkhaus Opéra, ca. 3170 BC). Our results indicate the presence of mixed populations of domestic and wild seeds belonging to the P. somniferum group, suggesting that the plant was already in the process of domestication at the end of 4th millennium BC. Altogether, these results pave the way to understand the geography and history of the poppy domestication and its spread into Europe.

Drug Policy in India: An Analysis

AbstractThe Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, or NDPS Act, was enacted to control addictive drugs and prohibit their possession, dispersion, sale, import, and trade in India. Psychotropic agents have the potential to change an individual’s consciousness, while narcotic drugs relieve anxiety. The Indian Parliament passed the NDPS Act on November 14, 1985. Nonetheless, these types of drugs are important in the practice of medicine. Consequently, the Act contains provisions for the cultivation of cannabis, poppy, and coca seeds and the production of certain psychotropic medicines used for medical purposes. The Act’s primary objective is to regulate the manufacturing, ownership, selling, and transportation of narcotics and psychotropic drugs. The Act forbids the selling of nearly 200 psychotropic medications, resulting in these drugs being inaccessible over the counter to the general public. These medications are only available for use with a prescription. Violations of this law can result in a sentence of incarceration or a fine, or both, depending on the offense’s severity, which is determined by the severity of the situation at hand. If the drugs are being used for personal benefit, the penalty can be minimized. Furthermore, the legislation has been revised several times since its inception.

Reinvigorating Modern Breadmaking Based on Ancient Practices and Plant Ingredients, with Implementation of a Physicochemical Approach.

In this study, the potential use of ancient plant ingredients in emerging bakery products based on possible prehistoric and/or ancient practices of grinding and breadmaking was explored. Various ancient grains, nuts and seeds (einkorn wheat, barley, acorn, lentil, poppy seeds, linseed) were ground using prehistoric grinding tool replicas. Barley-based sourdough prepared by multiple back-slopping steps was added to dough made from einkorn alone or mixed with the above ingredients (20% level) or commercial flours alone (common wheat, spelt, barley). Sieving analysis showed that 40% of the einkorn flour particles were >400 μm, whereas commercial barley and common wheat flours were finer. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that lentil flour exhibited higher melting peak temperature and lower apparent enthalpy of starch gelatinization. Among all bread formulations tested, barley dough exhibited the highest elastic modulus and complex viscosity, as determined by dynamic rheometry; einkorn breads fortified with linseed and barley had the softest and hardest crust, respectively, as indicated by texture analysis; and common wheat gave the highest loaf-specific volume. Barley sourdough inclusion into einkorn dough did not affect the extent of starch retrogradation in the baked product. Generally, incorporation of ancient plant ingredients into contemporary bread formulations seems to be feasible.

Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherols, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Evaluation of Low Morphine Yielding Varieties of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Seeds and Oils

Low morphine yielding winter ('Zeno Morphex') and summer ('Viola', 'Mieszko', 'Borowski') poppy varieties were investigated for their chemical composition and sensory properties. The oil content of the 13 seed samples as well as that of fatty acids, tocopherols, and volatile compounds in the respective oils were determined, and the sensory profiles of the seeds and oils were established. Linoleic acid made up 70.7-75.2% of the fatty acids. High amounts of γ-tocopherol were detected, especially in variety 'Viola' (287 ± 34 mg kg-1), while δ-tocopherol was only present in 'Zeno Morphex' (3.9 ± 0.6 mg kg-1). The most abundant volatiles were caproic acid (1.4-148 μg g-1), hexanal (0.9-15.2 μg g-1), 1-hexanol (0.3-20.1 μg g-1), limonene (1.3-9.4 μg g-1), and 2-pentylfuran (1.0-7.8 μg g-1). The sensory panel distinguished samples in particular by fatty/oily, rancid, sweet, and green attributes, the green aroma being correlated to three methoxypyrazines only present in summer poppies.

Interpreting Urine Drug Test Results in the Context of Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy and Poppy Seed Consumption

Interpreting Urine Drug Test Results in the Context of Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy and Poppy Seed Consumption

Allergie aux graines : revue de la littérature

IntroductionSeeds are increasingly being used in modern diets for their health benefits. However, they are mainly responsible for IgE-mediated food allergies. MethodA review of the literature concerning sesame, sunflower, pumpkin, flax, poppy, amaranth, chia, hemp, millet, buckwheat, nigella and quinoa seeds was carried out. ResultsThe description of seed allergies in the literature is limited to sporadic cases reported worldwide. Only sesame was the most studied. In Israel, sesame allergy is the 2nd most common allergen responsible for food allergy in children and the 3rd in Saudi Arabia. The French Allergo-Vigilance Network reports cases of anaphylaxis, grade 2 and 3 according to Ring and Messmer's classification, in children and adults for sunflower, pumpkin, flax, amaranth, millet, buckwheat and quinoa seeds. Sesame and sunflower oils have been implicated in some reactions. Some seeds show crossreactivity with other allergens that need to be checked for during the allergological assessment. Specific IgE is all available except for amaranth, chia and hemp seeds. ConclusionAllergic reactions to seeds are severe because the proteins involved are storage proteins and LTPs. The only seeds with mandatory declaration on industrial product labels are sesame seeds. Clinicians need to be aware of these emerging food allergies and should systematically look for them in allergological exploration.

Commentary: Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds.

Commentary: Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds.

Opioid exposure associated with poppy consumption reported to poison control centers and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Objective To assess characteristics of exposures to contaminated poppy and identify trends in exposure and poppy-related deaths. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of adverse events associated with exposure to poppy products (primarily poppy seeds) from the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS), 2000–2018, supplemented with analysis of overdoses and deaths related to poppy from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) (2004–2018), and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (1968–2018). Results There were 591 NPDS exposure cases involving poppy between 2000 and 2018 including 392 in persons aged 13+. Rates of intentional exposures in NPDS increased among the age 13+ group over the study period. Most intentional exposures occurred in males in their teens and twenties. NPDS included 18 overdoses and three deaths likely attributable to poppy, most involving poppy seed tea. CAERS and FAERS included five additional deaths likely attributable to opioids in poppy. Conclusions Including previously reported cases, there are now at least 19 U.S. deaths associated with poppy seeds in the literature. We recommend that practitioners working in opioid treatment and recovery be alert to use of poppy to treat pain and symptoms of withdrawal.

Food Sovereignty as Anti-Colonial Resistance: Culinary Reappropriation of Poppy Seeds in Bengal

Throughout the nineteenth century, British exploitation of arable Bengali land for exportation of the cash crop opium contributed to famines that displaced staples of pre-colonial Bengali cuisine. From poppy seeds, a residual by-product of opium production, the Bengali people established a new dish, posto, to survive the famine and revitalize their food culture. Through this case study, we elucidate the compelling connection between food and memory. Community collaboration in the recipe making and editing process, an effort spearheaded by Bengali women, transformed posto’s initial memory of historical trauma to one of comfort and nostalgia. To evidence this claim, we conduct a qualitative analysis of the poppy seed’s influence in diverse contemporary Bengali media. In existing literature, culinary decolonization is commonly visualized as the restoration of traditional foodways, but this literature does not account for other modes of overcoming colonial oppression through food. To address this gap, we present a novel mechanism, “culinary reappropriation,” by which indigenous populations, most notably Bengal, appropriated colonial goods into their foodways and repudiated colonial power dynamics.

Treatment of opium addiction in persian medicine: A review study.

Drug abuse is one of the most important threats to human beings today, leading to disability and even early death. In the past, opium had only therapeutic uses, but now, drug addiction is one of the major public health problems in Iran. Opium and its derivatives are the most commonly used illicit drugs in this country. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the treatment strategies of opium addiction from the perspective of Persian medicine. In this narrative review, the search was conducted using appropriate keywords in the authoritative books of Persian medicine documentations of databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, American Academy of Medical Sciences, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes with keywords of opioid and opium since 2000 AD. In Persian medicine books, “Afioon” means poppy plant (Papaver somniferum), which is called opium in English and “Theriac” in Persian. To quit, they should be gradually reduced and replaced with appropriate spices such as henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) seeds or mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) fruit or root or poppy (P. somniferum) seeds or poppy shell or Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds, or castor testis or nutmeg (Myristans fragrans) fruit or ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum) seeds or baked bread. Opioid quit should be gradual and delayed in time of consumption and gradual reduction of opium levels, and bodies that have become lean for a long time will gradually recover with adequate nutrition over time.

A Study on the Development of Functionally Improved Low Fat Spent Broiler Breeder Hen Chicken Sausages Added with Ground Poppy Seed

A Study on the Development of Functionally Improved Low Fat Spent Broiler Breeder Hen Chicken Sausages Added with Ground Poppy Seed

Plant use in Muslim Spain: Preliminary results from the medieval town of Madīnat Ilbīra

The paper presents preliminary results of archaeobotanical studies carried out at the Madīnat Ilbīra site in Spain. The functioning of the town, which was the capital of one of the administrative districts (kūras) of al- Andalus, falls in the period between the second half of the 9th century and the 11th century. However, the analysed soil samples were collected from archaeological contexts dated mostly to the last decades of the 10th century and to the 11th century. The samples yielded an interesting set of data about the preserved plant remains. Although the taxonomic diversity of the plants is not high, the analysis revealed remains of naked and hulled wheat (emmer wheat), millet, poppy seeds, perhaps peas, cucumber or melon, and grapevine. Although crop plants played an important role in the everyday diet of the town inhabitants, wild plants also were probably collected and used. The latter are represented in the analysed materials by, for example, wild strawberry, common mallow and common purslane. The preserved charcoal remains confirm the use of different species of wood as fuel.

Physicochemical and sensory quality of gluten‐free cakes supplemented with grape seed, pomegranate seed, poppy seed, flaxseed, and turmeric

In this study, gluten-free flour mixture (75% rice flour + 15% chickpea flour + 10% carrot flour) was replaced separately with 5% of grape seed, pomegranate seed, flaxseed, poppy seed, and turmeric to improve the nutritional composition of gluten-free cakes. Incorporation of flaxseed and turmeric caused a decrease in the volume index compared to the gluten-free control sample. The protein and fat content of the cake samples prepared with flaxseed and poppy seed were found to be higher than the gluten-free control samples. Significant increases (p < .05) were determined in antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of gluten-free cake samples in all supplementations. Flaxseed and poppy seed increased Ca, Mg, and P contents of cake samples. The hardness values of cake samples increased with the use of grape seed, pomegranate seed, flaxseed, poppy seed, and turmeric. Gluten-free cakes containing flaxseed and poppy seed were highly appreciated by panelists. Practical Applications Grape seed and pomegranate seed by-products of the food industry, poppy seeds, flax seeds, and turmeric are valuable ingredients due to their rich content of bioactive substances. The use of these additives improved in the nutritional composition of the gluten-free cake samples. People with gluten-related disorders will have the opportunity to meet their nutritional needs with the consumption of these products. Enrichment of cakes especially with poppy seed and flaxseed has revealed successful results in terms of both nutritional and sensory properties. A new cereal-based products has been developed for the gluten-free functional product market.

Procedures for DNA Extraction from Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and Poppy Seed-Containing Products.

Several commonly used extraction procedures and commercial kits were compared for extraction of DNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds, ground seeds, pollen grains, poppy seed filling from a bakery product, and poppy oil. The newly developed extraction protocol was much simpler, reduced the cost and time required for DNA extraction from the native and ground seeds, and pollen grains. The quality of extracted DNA by newly developed protocol was better or comparable to the most efficient ones. After being extended by a simple purification step on a silica membrane column, the newly developed protocol was also very effective in extracting of poppy DNA from poppy seed filling. DNA extracted from this poppy matrix was amplifiable by PCR analysis. DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil and suitable for amplifications was obtained only by methods developed previously for olive oil. Extracted poppy DNA from all tested matrices was analysed by PCR using primers flanking a microsatellite locus (156 bp) and two different fragments of the reference tubulin gene (553 bp and 96 bp). The long fragment of the reference gene was amplified in DNA extracted from native seeds, ground seeds, and pollen grains. Poppy DNA extracted from the filling of bakery product was confirmed only by amplification of short fragments (96 bp and 156 bp). DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil was determined also only by amplification of these two short fragments.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis among Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

Background: The poppy seeds commonly known as ‘khus-khus’ or ‘postadana’, obtained from opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is known one of the world’s oldest medicinal plant. Its alkaloids, seeds and oil used since time immemorial for therapeutic, food stuffs and economical purpose. An effective breeding program plays an important role for selection, genetic improvement and development of high yielding cultivars/variety in opium poppy. Therefore, a study was conceded out to evaluate the genetic variability, path analysis for different agronomic traits along with their major chemical constituents of opium alkaloids in 30 accessions/landraces of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) collected from different geographical places of India. Methods: The 30 genotypes of Opium poppy including different breeding lines and landraces collected from different places were grown in year (2017-18) in randomized complete-block designs (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow. Morpho-metric data were recorded on five competitive randomly selected plants in each line for following thirteen traits. Dried husk/straw capsules were chemically analyzed through HPLC. The pooled mean data were statistically analysed by using Windostat statistical software 4.0 versions available at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSIR-CIMAP Lucknow. Result: Variation among the mean of thirty diverse genetic stocks was highly significant (p less than 0.01) for all thirteen traits. High heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) and Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for the traits Thebaine and Nosacapine. The results of associations studies revealed that the trait capsule/plant was positively and significantly correlated with seed (g)yield/plant (gm) and nosacapine at both genotypic and phenotypic level. According to results, a significant genetic variability was also present among 30 accessions, simple selection can be employed to improve seed yield along with alkaloids yield.

N-Way NIR Data Treatment through PARAFAC in the Evaluation of Protective Effect of Antioxidants in Soybean Oil.

The use of chemometric tools is progressing to scientific areas where analytical chemistry is present, such as food science. In analytical food evaluation, oils represent an important field, allowing the exploration of the antioxidant effects of herbs and seeds. However, traditional methodologies have some drawbacks which must be overcome, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, the use of solvents/reagents, and the generation of toxic waste. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect provided by plant-based substances (directly, or as extracts), including pumpkin seeds, poppy seeds, dehydrated goji berry, and Provençal herbs, against the oxidation of antioxidant-free soybean oil. Synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene were also considered. The evaluation was made through thermal degradation of soybean oil at different temperatures, and near-infrared spectroscopy was employed in an n-way mode, coupled with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to extract nontrivial information. The results for PARAFAC indicated that factor 1 shows oxidation product information, while factor 2 presents results regarding the antioxidant effect. The plant-based extract was more effective in improving the frying stability of soybean oil. It was also possible to observe that while the oxidation product concentration increased, the antioxidant concentration decreased as the temperature increased. The proposed method is shown to be a simple and fast way to obtain information on the protective effects of antioxidant additives in edible oils, and has an encouraging potential for use in other applications.

Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds.

The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codeine are the most pharmacologically active and have been detected in biological matrices collected in workplace and roadside drug testing resulting in positive opiate results. The European Food Safety Authority introduced an acute reference dose of 10 μg morphine/kg of body weight as a safe level for morphine in food products. In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in comparison with harvested, untreated seeds.