Popov Island Research Articles

Results on growing the seedlings of laminaria Saccharina japonica in the Center of Mariculture on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea)

Results on growing the seedlings of laminaria Saccharina japonica in the Center of Mariculture on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea)

Diplostomum cf. vanelli Yamaguti, 1935 (Trematoda: Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886): Morpho-Molecular Data and Life Cycle

Furcocercariae, of the trematodes from the family Diplostomidae, were found in freshwater snails—Radix auricularia, which were collected in a reservoir located on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). The life cycle was experimentally reproduced for the first time, while morphometric data for the development stages were studied and described for the newly discovered trematode. Moreover, molecular data for nuclear and mitochondrial markers were also obtained. It was determined that the morphometric characteristics of the trematode coincided with the species Diplostomum cf. vanelli, the molecular data analysis validates the species independence. Furthermore, the study highlights the issue of species identification in the Diplostomum genus.

Characteristics of fucus algae cenopopulations near the Popov island of the White Sea

The aim: Determination of the biological characteristics of fucus algae cenopopulations for the development of recommendations for their rational exploitation. Method: The original data obtained in 2020–2022 according to the recommended methods of fisheries research were used. Novelty: The size, age and sex structures of cenopopulations and reproduction of three species of fucus algaeof the intertidal zone of the White Sea are analyzed. Result: Studies in 2020–2022 in the intertidal zone of Popov Island confirmed the stable state of cenopopulations of commercial fucus algae. Fucus algae settlements in the littoral is a fishing area with dense thickets, an estimated specific stock of 630.3 t/km. Extended sporulation of F. vesiculosus in the area of Popov Island from June to the end of October allows the formation of several age generations of seedlings. Together with vegetative reproduction, this significantly increases the survival of the cenopopulation and its resistance to climatic influences. The age of fertility in the studied areas is less than according to the literature data. In terms of resistance to environmental impact and survival, the dominant species can be put in the following order based on the characteristics of reproduction, area and density of juvenile settlements, and abundance in the intertidal zone: Fucus vesiculosus → Ascophyllum nodosum → Fucus distichus. Practical significance: Based on the data on the reproduction of commercial fucus algae near the Karelian coast of the Onega Bay, it is recommended to start harvesting algae in the littoral no earlier than July 1 after the end of the generative period in the most vulnerable species.

Role of external factors for cultivation of pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> at a hatchery in Primorye. 1. The influence of temperature on development, growth and survival of embryos and larvae

The influence of temperature on development, growth and survival of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas embryos and larvae is investigated in controlled conditions at a hatchery located in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) — the TINRO subdivision for mariculture on Popov Island in July-August, 2019. The oyster embryos and larvae obtained from natural producers in the process of artificial spawning were grown under temperature of 21–22 оC (close to natural conditions in the coastal waters of Primorye) and 24–25 оC. The higher temperature had a positive effect on development and growth rate of embryos and larvae. Under the temperature of 24–25 оC, the embryogenesis was completed earlier by 2 hours, the transition to the D-veliger stage — by 8 hours, the stage of veliconch was reached in 1 day earlier, the stage of pediveliger — in 4 days earlier than under the temperature of 21–22 оC. The daily size increments were larger under the higher temperature, with the most significant differences at the stages of veliger (6.4 vs 4.2 µm day–1) and veliconch (14.3 vs 10.9 µm day–1), with no difference at the stage of pediveliger. The greatest average daily increment was reached with exotrophic nutrition (at the veliconch stage) in both cases. The larval mortality was higher under the higher temperature in 1.3 times at the stages from fertilized egg to D-veliger and in 1.4 times at the stages from D-veliger to pediveliger because of intensification of metabolic processes and the water pollution in the tanks for growing, with the largest difference at the stages of veliger and veliconch, as well, as the longest ones. There is concluded that the temperature of 24–25 оC lays within the range of optimal conditions for embryonic and larval development of pacific oyster (within the biokinetic zone) and this temperature is recommended for cultivation of this species in Primorye hatcheries, with selection of optimal parameters for the rearing.

Fauna and Abundance of Ixodid Ticks and Their Infection with Human Pathogens on Popov Island, Primorskii Territory

Fauna and Abundance of Ixodid Ticks and Their Infection with Human Pathogens on Popov Island, Primorskii Territory

Lamellicorn Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of the Islands of the Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan (Primorsky Krai of Russia)

The species diversity of lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) on the 20 islands of Peter the Great Gulf was considered and analyzed for the first time, where 83 species from 38 genera were identified. There are 60 species (72.3%) and 20 genera (52.6%) are new for the fauna of the islands, with reference to the literature data. The total fauna with Russky Island (21 islands) includes 87 species from 38 genera of 13 subfamilies and four families of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The diversity and degree of study of the group on individual islands is very uneven. Russky Island with 80 species (92% of the total fauna of 21 islands), Popov Island with 42 species (48.3%) and Putyatin Island with 39 species (44.8%) have the most species-rich fauna. On the islands of Kozlov, Rikord, Zheltukhin, and Durnovo, one species was recorded (1.1%). The Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802 is dominates the fauna of 21 islands—77 species (88.5%), other families are represented by a single species: Trogidae Macleay, 1819—5 species (5.7%), Lucanidae Latreille, 1804—3 species (3.5%), Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802—2 species (2.3%). Scarabaeinae with 15 species (19.5%), Aphodiinae Leach, 1815 with 14 species (18.2%), and Rhizotroginae with 13 species (16.9%) are dominant in the Scarabaeidae fauna. The article deals with the annotated list of species and the studied material, discusses the ecological and zoogeographical features of the local faunas of Scarabaeoidea and features of the faunagenesis of the study area. The local Scarabaeoidea faunas of the islands are characterized by a significant depletion and mosaic composition of the species composition in comparison with the continental fauna. Despite the peculiarity of the climatic conditions of the islands and their significant isolation from the continental coast, the insular faunas of Scarabaeoidea demonstrate a high degree of similarity to the area, and have a logical structure with the continental fauna of lamellicorn beetles due to the geological youth of the island. The islands appeared during the post-Pleistocene transgression of the sea 11 to 8.5 thousand years ago.

New data on species composition of fish in the Alekseev Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea)

By monitoring of fish in the Alekseev Bay of Popov Island with the long-time underwater video observation system, greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) (Carangidae) was registered in the second time in Peter the Great Bay and several species were registered in the first time in the Alekseev Bay ( Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pholis crassispina, Gymnogobius heptacanthus, Salangichthys microdon, and Liparis agassizii ). The list of fish species for the Alekseev Bay is widened to 60 species.

Use of smart grid based wind resources in isolated power systems

The optimization of both power consumption and balance of Smart Grid is required for online power control considering the use of alternative energy sources. A concept of “generating consumers” has been introduced for active consumers, leading to flexibly regulating the power flows, equalizing the load schedule, and minimizing the financial costs of consumed power. This study aimed to develop a new mathematical model of optimal both power consumption and balance considering the participation of “generating consumer” in the form of wind resources, which presents the intelligent system with a bidirectional power flow. The approach proposes a priority system to choose the optimal generation source, minimizing its material and financial costs based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and holon concept. A high potential of own wind sources has been examined in a coastal zone of the Far East and on the Russky and Popov Islands. As result, Russky Island doesn't receive any additional income (max −433 EUR) since its power consumption cannot be covered even with bidirectional power flows while the Popov Island gains income (max 468 EUR) due to existing power excess. The efficiency of the developed software has been validated by using the gradient descent algorithm.

Ecological-faunistic analysis of root nematodes from coniferous-broadleaved forests on the Popov Island in the Japan Sea

Ecological-faunistic analysis of root nematodes from coniferous-broadleaved forests on the Popov Island in the Japan Sea

Содержание белка в надземных частях некоторых дикорастущих видов бобовых Дальнего Востока и Восточной Сибири

The article presents data on the protein content in the above-ground parts of plants of 86 samples of 16 wild species of the legume family growing in natural habitats in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. The studied species were Lathyrus davidii, L. humilis, L. japonicus, L. komarovii, L. palustris, L. pilosus, L. pratensis, L. quinquenervius, Thermopsis lupinoides, Vicia amoena, V. baicalensis, V. ohwiana, V. pseudorobus, V. subrotunda, V. unijuga, V. venosa. As a result, a great diversity was revealed in terms of protein content in plants. The variability of this character reliably depended both on the belonging of the sample to a particular taxon and on its origin. The best protein content (> 20%) were found in the species: T. lupinoides, V. amoena, V. venosa and L. davidii and in populations – V. pseudorobus from China (> 26%), L. japonicus from Popov island and Khasansky district (> 25%), V. baicalensis from Irkutsk region (> 20%), L. pilosus from the Kamchatka Peninsula (20%).

Growth and survival of the hatchery juveniles of pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> (Thunberg, 1793) in Peter the Great Bay

Growth and survival rates of juveniles of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas are estimated for the first time in conditions of Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea). The data were collected at artificial hatchery in the Aquaculture Center located on Popov Island in 2019. The juveniles were settled and reared on two types of substrate: 1) perforated plastic plates with the diameter of 30 cm (area 7.1 dm2), and 2) scallop shells with the height about 10 cm (average area 0.8 dm2) mounted in the western Peter the Great Bay (Voevoda Bay) in September 2019. Before placing in this site, the average height of the juveniles’ shells did not exceed 7 mm. In July 2020, after the 9-month exposure of the collectors with spat in the Voevoda Bay, the height increased in 12–18 times and reached 55–90 mm on the substrate 1 and 25–65 mm on the substrate 2. Then the oysters reared on the substrate 1 were replaced from the plastic plates to the cage shelves and the cages were moved to the Stark Strait. Difference in the growth rate became more apparent in September 2020, when the height of shells settled on the plastic plates reached 67 mm, on average (73 % in the range 50–85 mm) and for the shells settled on the scallops — 32 mm, on average (72 % in the range 20–45 mm). The shell height increased to 76.6 and 52.4 mm, respectively, to the end of October 2020. Finally, about 59 % of the oysters reared on the substrate 1 and cage shelves and 9 % of the oysters reared on the substrate 2 reached the commercial size (80–100 mm). Their survival in the period from mid-October 2019 to July 2020 is estimated as 46.9 % (28.8–98.2 %) for the substrate 1 and 33.5 % (4.0–78.3 %) for the substrate 2. On the substrate 1, survival of the mollusks attached to lower surface of the plates was twice higher. The survival had a tendency to decrease with increasing of the juveniles density. The experiment showed good viability for artificially hatched juveniles of pacific oyster in conditions of Peter the Great Bay. Their growth in the Voevoda Bay and the Stark Strait, with necessary technological measures, as replacing, thinning, and substrate cleaning from fouling, allows to produce oysters with the commercial size.

Growth and survival of the hatchery larvae of pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> under different concentrations of microalgae and salinity in conditions of southern Primorye

Growth and survival rates for larvae of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) hatched in artificial conditions are estimated for the stages of development from D-veliger to pediveliger. The experiment was conducted in the Mariculture Center located on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) for 2 regimes of feeding and water salinity of 26 and 32 ppt. Microalgae Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros muelleri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated in the Mariculture Center were used as a feed in both regimes, in different concentrations. The maximum concentration was 4-fold higher than the minimum one: daily doses of food were 20 and 5 thousand cells/mL for veligers, 40 and 10 thousand cells/mL for early veliconkhes, and 80 and 20 thousand cells/mL for late veliconkhes, respectively, whereas 80 thousand cells/mL for all larvae in transition to pediveliger stage. Statistically significant difference of the growth rate was found for cases with different food concentration (p < 0.05). The larvae with better feeding had higher growth rate under salinity of both 26 and 32 ppt. Besides, the lowered salinity (26 ppt) had some positive effect for growth in the regime of better feeding. Survival rate of the larvae from D-veliger to pediveliger was high under all regimes of the experiment and was estimated for the minimal diet as 77.4 and 64.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively, and for the maximum diet as 81.2 and 80.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively. According to the experiment results, deficit of food at early stages of the oyster larval development affects negatively on their growth but does not have significant impact on their survival.

First record of the rare sea snail Liostomia minutissima Golikov in Golikov et Scarlato, 1967 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae) from the intertidal zone of the Russian seas

A rare small-sized species of gastropod mollusk, the sea snail Liostomia minutissima Golikov in Golikov et Scarlato, 1967 (Pyramidellidae), was found in the intertidal zone off the Likander Peninsula, Popov Island, Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) in 2019. This finding is the first record of the species for the intertidal fauna inhabiting the seas of Russia. Live individuals were collected from the rocky bottom in the middle horizon of the intertidal zone occupied by a community of the red algae Neorhodomela aculeata+Corallina pilulifera and other five species of small-sized gastropods. Shells of L. minutissima are grayish-white in color, shiny, from 1.55 to 1.7 mm in height. This finding was made among islands in the central part of Peter the Great Bay, where the bivalve mollusk Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927), also new to the fauna of Russia, was previously discovered in the subtidal zone. The wide variety of available biotopes, active hydrodynamics, specific system of currents, and a moderate level of anthropogenic pressure are the major factors that make this area, along with the southwestern Peter the Great Bay, an interesting place where new malacological findings should be expected.

Application of swarm intelligence algorithms to energy management of prosumers with wind power plants

The paper considers the problem of optimal control of a prosumer with a wind power plant in smart grid. It is shown that control can be performed in non-deterministic conditions due to the impossibility of accurate forecasting of the generation from renewable plants. A control model based on a priority queue of logical rules with structural-parametric optimization is applied. The optimization problem is considered from a separate prosumer, not from the entire distributed system. The solution of the optimization problem is performed by three swarm intelligence algorithms. Computational experiments were carried out for models of wind energy systems on Russky Island and Popov Island (Far East). The results obtained showed the high effectiveness of the swarm intelligence algorithms that demonstrated reliable and fast convergence to the global extreme of the optimization problem under different scenarios and parameters of prosumers. Also, we analyzed the influence of accumulator capacity on the variability of prosumers. The variability, in turn, affects the increase of the prosumer benefits from the interaction with the external global power system and neighboring prosumers.

Principles of sustainable development of the autonomous island territories of the Gulf of Peter the Great

This article explores the prerequisites for sustainable development of island territories of the Gulf of Peter the Great that retained their autonomy from continental Vladivostok – AskoldIsland, Popov Island, Reyneke Island, Rikord Island, Putyanin Island. A brief overview is provided on the development of islands in prerevolutionary and Soviet period, as well as at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries. It is noted, that the initial period of islands territorial development (late XIX – early XX centuries) is characterized with sustainable natural resource management based on consideration of the local landscape, natural and climatic conditions. Computer modeling of the annual course of wind and insolation regime of island territories is conducted for elaboration of the advanced models of sustainable natural resource management. This allowed determining comfort and discomfort landscape areas of the indicated islands for the three main seasons – winter, spring-summer, and summer. Typical terrain contributes to localization of the comfort and discomfort zones. At the same time, comfort and discomfort zone would be specific for each of the three seasons, which should be considered in arranging various types of recreation activities. Based on the results of studying the peculiarities of socioeconomic development of the islands and their landscape-climatic specificity, the author highlights three groups of islands and suggests models of sustainable development for each group: 1) Model of full-scale economic-recreational development with restoration of the collapsed ecological framework  (Popov Island and Putyanin Island); 2) Model of autonomous development with restoration of the collapsed ecological framework (Reyneke Islan); 3) Model of economical development (Askold Island, Rikord Island). The author develops the schemes of territorial development of the islands, and suggests projects on formation of sustainable environment of rural localities and tourist routs.

Control of Power Prosumer Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithms

The development of renewable energy and Smart Grid leads to the emergence of prosumers or power generating consumers, which are involved in the processes of bidirectional exchange of electricity and information. The work is devoted to the problem of optimal control of a power generating consumer in Smart Grid. The distinctive research features are the solution of the optimal control problem in conditions of difficult prediction of wind power plant generation, the usage of Swarm Intelligence algorithms to build a system of control rules, and the study of the obtained models on data from two different generating consumers: one on about Russky Island, the second on Popov Island (Far East). We selected a list of priority rules as a decision-making model and applied Particle Swarm Optimization, Bees Algorithm, and Firefly Optimization to build and optimize this model. The computer modeling with the usage of two mounts dataset showed that the proposed approach could significantly increase the revenue of the generating consumers considered.

Влияние режимов работы гибридных энергетических комплексов на основе возобновляемых источников энергии на определение типа аккумуляторов энергии

The aim of the work is to study the performance characteristics of generating units operating on the basis of renewable energy sources (RES) as part of a hybrid energy complex and to determine the requirements posed by these generating units to the storage systems in terms of stored energy amounts and power absorption and delivering conditions on long, medium and short intervals of time. Using the data from a real consumer located on Popov Island, the relevant energy complexes were modeled, and their operating modes were calculated and analyzed. The technical requirements posed by the RES-based installations to the performance characteristics of energy storage devices in terms of stored energy amounts and power absorption and delivering conditions on different time intervals are determined. The obtained results are important for elaborating efficient energy storage systems for RES-based hybrid energy complexes for improving their reliability and technical and economic efficiency. It has been established, based on the calculations and analysis of the RES-based hybrid energy complex operation modes, that for meeting the hybrid energy complex requirements, the complex should be fitted with a hybrid energy storage system combining various sources of electrical energy. Some of them, in view of their high energy capacity (e.g., hydrogen electric energy storage devices), can be considered as energy sources for seasonal and daily regulation, and others (supercapacitors) can be regarded as power sources to be used in the modes of absorbing and delivering power pulses on second time intervals.

MONITORING OF FISH IN THE COASTAL BIOTOPES OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF FAR EASTERN MARINE RESERVE (PETER THE GREAT BAY, JAPAN SEA)

Fish counts by SCUBA visual methods are conducted in the coastal biotopes at Furugelm and Popov Islands and in the Sivuchia, Kalevala, and Pemzovaya Bays in the western Peter the Great Bay in July-August of 2012 and 2014. In total, 23 fish species were registered on transects at Furugelm Island and 11 species at Popov Island in 2012, and in 2014 — 17 fish species at Furugelm Island, 16 at Popov Island, 9 in the Sivuchia Bay, 6 in the Kalevala Bay, and 11 in the Pemzovaya Bay. Species composition of fish had moderate or high similarity between transects (35 pairs with Sorensen-Chekanowski index 0.3–0.5 and 25 pairs with higher values). The species diversity and its similarity were conditioned by bottom structure and presence or absence of sea grasses and algae. The highest fish biomass was observed in the Pemzovaya Bay (29.2 g/m 2 , mainly large-sized Sebastes schlegelii) and at Furugelm Island (21.2 g/m 2 , mainly S. taczanowskii and nesting males of Hexagrammos otakii), but the biomass values < 10 g/m 2 prevailed. Generally, the observed fish diversity, density, and biomass are lower in compare with the mid 1990s because of partial degradation of their habitats (disappearance of eelgrass Zostera marina) and water warming that prevents migrations of some coldwater fishes to the shallows. The most prominent decreasing is noted for Sebastes taczanowskii adults and juveniles, previously high abundant on rocky grounds, and for flounders on sandy grounds. So far as the changes of fish abundance and diversity have natural reasons, there is concluded that the effect of protection regime in the marine reserve is insignificant for fish populations.

Natural and anthropogenic development factors for geosystems of Popov Island (the Sea of Japan).

Natural and anthropogenic development factors for geosystems of Popov Island (the Sea of Japan).

Mercury in the sea water of the Amur Bay (the Sea of Japan): Recent content and geochemical processes

Determined is the recent content of mercury in the sea water of the Amur Bay and in the local test area on Popov Island. The speciation of mercury is computed and its geochemical behavior in the marine environment is considered. The computed mercury concentration corresponds to the recent global values. High mercury content was found in the natural water layer close to natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural sources are the outcrops of deep fault structures represented by mylonitization zones.