Popliteal Cyst Research Articles

Risk factors for residual popliteal cyst after arthroscopic decompression and cystectomy: Associated with degenerative cartilage lesions

BackgroundIn previous studies, good results have been reported after arthroscopic treatment of popliteal cysts and concomitant intra-articular pathology. However, only a few studies have reported the associated factors with residual popliteal cysts. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and radiographic outcomes and investigate the factors associated with the recurrence of popliteal cyst after arthroscopic cyst decompression and cyst wall resection. HypothesisThe authors hypothesized that residual popliteal cyst after arthroscopic decompression and cystectomy would be associated with degenerative cartilage lesions. Patients and methodsFrom December 2010 to December 2018, 54 patients with popliteal cysts were treated with arthroscopic decompression and cyst wall resection through an additional posteromedial cystic portal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography was used to observe whether the popliteal cyst had disappeared or decreased. The maximum diameter of the popliteal cyst was measured after surgery. The patients were classified into the disappeared and reduced groups according to the treatment outcome. Age, sex, symptom duration, preoperative degenerative changes based on the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, cartilage lesions according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades, synovitis, functional outcomes, and associated intra-articular lesions were compared between the two groups. The functional outcome was evaluated on the basis of the Rauschning and Lindgren knee score. The study included 22 men and 32 women, with mean age of 49.6 years (range, 5–82 years). According to the ICRS grade system, 28 (51.8%) patients had grade 0 to II, 26 (48.2%) patients had grade III to IV. ResultsFollow-up radiographic evaluation revealed that the cyst had completely disappeared in 20 patients (37%) and reduced in size in 34 (63%). The mean cyst size was decreased significantly from 5.7cm (range, 1.7–15cm) to 1.7cm (range, 0–6.4cm), and the Rauschning and Lindgren knee score showed improved clinical features in all the patients. Between the disappeared and reduced groups, the presence of degenerative cartilage lesions (p=0.022, odds ratio 8.702, 95% confidence interval: 1.368–55.362) showed statistically significant differences. DiscussionThrough the posteromedial cystic portal, cysts were completely removed in approximately 40% of patients, and the size was reduced in 60% of patients. Presence of degenerative cartilage lesion represents an associated risk factor for residual popliteal cyst. These findings could be helpful in ensuring explaining poor prognostic factors. Level of evidenceIIIb; retrospective cohort study.

Arthroscopic cystectomy and valve excision of popliteal cysts complemented with management of intra-articular pathologies: a low recurrence rate and good functional outcomes in a series of ninety seven cases

PurposeArthroscopy in popliteal cyst surgery enables addressing all components of its pathomechanism: the cyst wall, valvular mechanism, and concomitant intra-articular pathologies. Techniques differ as to the management of the cyst wall and the valvular mechanism. This study aimed to assess the recurrence rate and functional outcomes of a cyst wall and valve excising arthroscopic technique with concurrent intra-articular pathology management. The secondary purpose was to assess cyst and valve morphology and concomitant intra-articular findings.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2012, 118 patients with symptomatic popliteal cysts refractory to at least three months of guided physiotherapy were operated on by a single surgeon using a cyst wall and valve excising arthroscopic technique with intra-articular pathology management. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at a mean follow-up of 39 months (range 12–71) by ultrasound, Rauschning and Lindgren, Lysholm, and VAS of perceived satisfaction scales.ResultsNinety-seven out of 118 cases were available for follow-up. Recurrence was observed on ultrasound in 12/97 cases (12.4%); however, it was symptomatic only in 2/97 cases (2.1%). Mean scores improved: Rauschning and Lindgren from 2.2 to 0.4, Lysholm from 54 to 86, and VAS of perceived satisfaction from 5.0 to 9.0. No persistent complications occurred. Arthroscopy revealed simple cyst morphology in 72/97 (74.2%) and presence of a valvular mechanism in all cases. The most prevalent intra-articular pathologies were medial meniscus (48.5%) and chondral lesions (33.0%). There were significantly more recurrences in grade III–IV chondral lesions (p = 0.03).ConclusionsArthroscopic popliteal cyst treatment had a low recurrence rate and good functional outcomes. Severe chondral lesions increase the risk of cyst recurrence.

Giant Baker’s Cyst open surgery excision: A case report

We report the case of a 55-year-old patient with a giant popliteal cyst associated with grade 2 gonarthrosis, causing pain and discomfort on knee flexion. MRI revealed a voluminous cloistered cystic mass communicating with the joint cavity, unmodified after contrast, measuring 200×80mm, associated with femorotibial and femoropatellar chondropathy. the patient underwent complete open surgical excision of the cyst with repair of the capsule. After 06 months of follow-up no recurrence of the cyst was observed. The aim of this article is to present a successful surgical management of a symptomatic giant popliteal cyst.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Ganglion Cyst of the Knee

Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissue formations arising from the joint capsule or tendon sheath containing mucinous fluid. Most common locations are on the dorsum of the wrist, palm, and the dorsolateral aspect of the foot. Ganglion cysts within the knee joint are unusual findings and may produce clinical manifestations which mimic internal derangement of the knee. We present here a case of 85-year-old female came with complaints of swelling near the right knee. On examination the swelling was seen in medial aspect of right knee about 7x8cm. Fine Needle Aspiration was done and 2ml of gelatinous material obtained. Cytomorphological features are suggestive of Ganglionic cyst of Right Knee, which was then correlated and confirmed by MRI. Ganglion cyst of the knee usually present in locations atypical for popliteal cysts. It is important to derive the cystic nature of the lesion and its association with intra-articular diseases, for which FNAC plays an important role.

RNA-Seq Reveals the mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs Expression Profile of Knee Joint Synovial Tissue in Osteoarthritis Patients

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease common in the elderly population and imposes significant health and economic burden. Total joint replacement is the only currently available treatment but does not prevent cartilage degeneration. The molecular mechanism of OA, especially the role of inflammation in disease progression, is incompletely understood. We collected knee joint synovial tissue samples of eight OA patients and two patients with popliteal cysts (controls), measured the expression levels of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in these tissues by RNA-seq, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key pathways. In the OA group, 343 mRNAs, 270 lncRNAs, and 247 miRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 232 mRNAs, 109 lncRNAs, and 157 miRNAs were significantly downregulated. mRNAs potentially targeted by lncRNAs were predicted. Nineteen overlapped miRNAs were screened based on our sample data and GSE 143514 data. Pathway enrichment and functional annotation analyses showed that the inflammation-related transcripts CHST11, ALDH1A2, TREM1, IL-1β, IL-8, CCL5, LIF, miR-146a-5p, miR-335-5p, lncRNA GAS5, LINC02288, and LOC101928134 were differentially expressed. In this study, inflammation-related DEGs and non-coding RNAs were identified in synovial samples, suggesting that competing endogenous RNAs have a role in OA. TREM1, LIF, miR146-5a, and GAS5 were identified to be OA-related genes and potential regulatory pathways. This research helps elucidate the pathogenesis of OA and identify novel therapeutic targets for this disorder.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Internal Derangements and Other Knee Pathologies in Adult Nigerians.

Knee joint pathologies/injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in adults worldwide. The aetiologies of knee joint disorders are diverse. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated method of detecting and characterizing knee pathologies. This study was conducted to document the clinical presentation and MRI patterns of knee joint abnormalities in a group of adults in Lagos, Nigeria, and to juxtapose it with reports from other climes. A retrospective hospital-based analysis of the knee MRI of 158 adult Nigerians was conducted in a single health facility. The clinical history and knee MRI findings were extracted, analyzed, and documented. Statistical significance was established at P≤0.05. There were 158 participants comprising 92 males (58.2%) and 66 females (41.8%) between the ages of 18 and 79. The mean age of the males was 44.75 ± 14.41 years, while that of the females was 47.76 ± 13.72 years (P = 0.19). A history of previous trauma was elicited in 135 (85.4%) participants. Eighty-two right knees (51.9%) and 76 left knees (48.1%) were examined. The dominant joint pathologies detected include effusion (77.2%), medial meniscopathy (48.1%), tibial abnormalities (46.2%), femoral abnormalities (46.2%), patella abnormalities (46.2%), anterior cruciate ligament disorders (37.3%), lateral meniscopathy (27.2%), medial collateral ligament disorders (22.2%), and popliteal (Baker's) cysts (15.8%). ACL abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in male subjects. Knees with ruptured sACL had significantly more joint effusion and injuries to the medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial retinacular ligament (MRL), femur, tibia, and fibula. There was no significant difference in the frequency of abnormalities between the right and left knees. Joint effusion, medial meniscopathy, osseous abnormalities (tibia, femur, patella), ACL abnormalities, lateral meniscopathy, and MCL abnormalities, in decreasing order, were the most frequent pathologies in the knee joints evaluated.

Massive Ecchymosis on the Calf Caused by Ruptured Popliteal Cyst

Massive Ecchymosis on the Calf Caused by Ruptured Popliteal Cyst

An Effective Surgical Strategy for Anteromedial Osteoarthritis of the Knee with Simultaneous Popliteal Cysts Drainage

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an established treatment option for anteromedial osteoarthritis, and popliteal cysts are a common finding in the knee among patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain. The two are so closely related that popliteal cysts are commonly discovered during the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty preoperative examination. However, only a few reports exist on the management and outcome of popliteal cysts in the patients receiving UKA for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and popliteal cysts. As such, it is crucial to evaluate different treatment strategies and their management of popliteal cysts. In this paper, we evaluate a surgical strategy for patients with knee anteromedial osteoarthritis and symptomatic popliteal cysts. These patients were treated with UKA and internal drainage of the popliteal cyst. The results shown here, spanning 1-year post-operation follow-up, demonstrated that UKA and internal drainage is an effective surgical protocol for treating anteromedial osteoarthritis with symptomatic popliteal cysts.

Baker’s Cyst in Left Popliteal Fossa: A Case Report

INTRODUCTION: A popliteal cyst, also called a Baker cyst, is a benign uncontrolled swelling of the gluteus medius sac in the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee described this excess fluid and subsequent sac formation outside of the kneecap in the commencement.A Baker's (popliteal) cyst is a swelling of the knee's gastrocnemius-semimembranous bursa, which connects to the back of the synovial membrane. It commonly presents as a painless swelling in the popliteal fossa. Adults almost always develop an edema as a result of pathological changes to the knee joint. Sometimes, the cyst enlarges to the position in which it ruptures, releasing synovial fluid into the surrounding tissues and present physiologically as acute thrombophlebitis. Popliteal cyst infection is a rare complication that is often related to septic arthritis. Popliteal joint cysts, also known to as Baker's cysts, are sporadically together with intra-articular knee conditions like osteoarthritis and dislocated patella. Anatomically, the borders of the cyst resemble synovial tissue, and there may be chronic, non-specific inflammation. Even if they are not visible in the knee joint, osteocartilaginous loose bodies may be present within the cyst.CLINICAL FINDING: Pain in the back of knee were the main complaints of a 48-year-old female admitted to Tertiary Rural Hospital.DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Chest x-ray and blood test including all tests are done. Were all performed as part of the physical evaluation to prevent acute and chronic post-surgical discomfort following Excision of Bakers cyst.THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION: Post operative treatment advised 6 hours iv fluids normal saline, ringer lactate 500ml, antacids, antiemetic, analgesic given frequently advised as the first line of treatment following excision of baker cyst . It gives superior pain relief and allows for a speedier recovery.OUTCOMES: Patient condition was poor.CONCLUSION: Baker cyst is a benign uncontrolled enlargement of the bursa in the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee that is diagnosed in the hospital on the IPD based on the patient having symptoms of swelling and pain in the back of knee. Based on a patient admitted to Tertiary Rural Hospital for diagnostic tests are done as per doctor order blood test, surgery of the excision of cyst . To reduce acute and chronic post-surgical pain after excision baker cyst. Post operative medications advised.

Arthroscopic internal drainage of popliteal cysts with cyst wall resection in pediatric patients.

To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic internal drainage (AID) and cyst wall resection (CWR) in children with popliteal cysts. This study included 16 pediatric patients with popliteal cysts and received arthroscopy using the double posteromedial (PM) portal system during June 2020 and June 2021 at The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command. Among these pediatric patients, 14 were males and two were females, with the mean age of nine years (range: 7-12 years). The left knee was affected in 12 cases, while the right knee was involved in the rest four cases. All patients underwent MR imaging before the procedure to assess whether there was intra-articular trauma and whether the popliteal cyst communicated with the knee-joint cavity. The MRI results showed that each patient had a simple popliteal cyst that involved a single knee joint without intra-articular trauma, which was classified as Grade-1 (n=3), Grade-2 (n =10) or Grade-3 (n =3) according to the Rauschning and Lindgren grading of knee joint symptoms. Arthroscopy was performed through anterolateral (AL) and PM portals to the knee joint for AID plus CWR, and the surgical outcomes were evaluated based on the Rauschning and Lindgren criteria. No major vascular or nerve injury occurred during the operation. Postoperative complications such as wound infection and lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis were not recorded in these patients. Complications involving the saphenous nerve or the great saphenous vein or pseudocyst formation were not observed during the follow-up period. All patients completed the follow-up ranging from 3-12 months and were identified to have grade-0 (n=15) and grade-1 (n=1) popliteal cysts based on the Rauschning and Lindgren criteria, indicating significant improvement compared with the preoperative levels (all p<0.05). Moreover, no recurrence was recorded after operation. AID plus CWR is a minimally invasive and safe approach for pediatric patients with popliteal cysts to promote postoperative recovery and reduce the recurrence rate.

An arthroscopic Resection Technique for Popliteal Cysts

When treating a popliteal cyst in the knee joint, it is often necessary to simultaneously treat the intra-articular lesions so as to reduce the recurrence of the cyst after the operation. Herein, we propose an arthroscopic resection technique for popliteal cyst, in which the position of the popliteal cyst is indirectly located by finding out the location of the semimembranosus tendon during the operation, thereby completing the arthroscopic resection of the popliteal cyst. This method does not involve the posteromedial compartment of the knee joint. Arthroscopic treatment can be performed on the combined intra-articular lesions through anteromedial and anterolateral approaches before or after popliteal cyst resection.

Treatment Of A Cruciate Associated Cyst In A Collegiate Rower

HISTORY: A 20 year old female collegiate rower presents to the training room with gradual onset of right knee pain and decreased range of motion. She is unable to identify specific time or mechanism of injury. Her pain is in the posterior knee and worsens with knee flexion and extension against resistance. She particularly notices this while on the ergometer and has had to completely halt her training regimen. She has no history of prior knee injury. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: The right knee is without obvious deformity, erythema or effusion. There is tenderness to palpation of the popliteal space, there is no palpable lesion. Range of motion is limited at full flexion. She has pain with full flexion and extension against resistance. Lachman is intact though produces pain. Posterior drawer and valgus/varus testing are intact. The remainder of the knee exam is unremarkable. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. ACL sprain. 2. Popliteal cyst 3. Meniscus injury TEST AND RESULTS: Point of care US: No effusion. No Baker's cyst. Xray right knee: No osseous abnormalities. MRI right knee: Cystic lesion centered at the junction of the posteromedial ACL and lateral meniscal root bundles FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Ganglion cyst associated with the ACL/meniscus. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: The athlete worked closely with her ATs on a rehab protocol with no improvement in symptoms. Injection therapy with corticosteroid versus arthroscopic intervention were discussed. Ultimately, she was taken to the operating room for successful arthroscopic debridement of the cyst. She was able to return to rowing within weeks of surgery and did not miss any competition.

Popliteal cysts are not a risk factor for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis

Popliteal cysts (PC) result from distension of the gastrocnemio-semimembranosous bursa. Published reports indicate coincident PC and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Whether the presence of PC increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains unclear. Lower extremity venous Duplex ultrasound (DUS) reports were evaluated across the Mayo Clinic Enterprise (Rochester, Minnesota, Jacksonville, Florida, Scottsdale, Arizona, and the Mayo Clinic Health System) in patients ≥ 18 years of age. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms were created and validated to identify acute lower extremity DVT and PC from these reports. To determine whether there is a link between PC and lower extremity DVT, the frequency of PC among cases (ultrasounds with acute DVT) were compared to controls (ultrasounds without acute DVT). A total of 357,703 lower extremities venous DUS were performed in 237,052 patients (mean age 63.3 ± 16.6, 54.4% were female) between 1992 and 2021. Acute DVT was identified in 32,572 (9.1%) DUS, and PC in 32,448 (9.1%). PC were seen in a lower frequency (8.0%) of ultrasounds with acute DVT than those without (9.2%) acute DVT (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.89, p < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for age, sex, and race, PCs were not positively associated with acute DVT (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.88). PC are an incidental finding or an alternative diagnosis on lower extremity venous DUS, a finding that increases significantly with age. PC were not a risk factor in the development of lower extremity DVT.

Comparison of arthroscopic internal drainage and open excision for the treatment of popliteal cysts

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to introduce the arthroscopic internal drainage with anterior-anteromedial approach for the treatment of popliteal cysts in children. To compare its clinical efficacy with open surgery.MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study of 102 patients diagnosed with popliteal cysts from January 2018 to February 2020 who received surgery. The study included 27 cases with minimally invasive group (MI group) and 75 cases with open surgery group (OS group). The MI group included 21 males and 6 females, age 6.71 ± 2.16 years who received arthroscopic internal drainage of the cysts to adequately widen the valve opening between the cyst and the articular cavity, excised the fibrous diaphragm without complete excision of the cyst wall. The OS group included 57 males and 18 females, age 6.21 ± 1.67 years who received open excision. The clinical parameters regarding the preoperative characteristics and surgical results were compared. Ultrasound or MRI was used to identify the recurrence of the popliteal cysts. Rauschning-Lindgren grade was recorded to evaluate the clinical outcome.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 24 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, left and right sides, disease time, cyst size, length of hospitalization, preoperative Rauschning-Lindgren grade (p > 0.05). At the last follow-up, the preoperative and postoperative Rauschning-Lindgren grade was improved in both groups. Compared with the OS group, operation time was significantly shortened in the MI group (28.89 ± 4.51 min vs 52.96 ± 29.72 min, p < 0.05). The MI group was superior to the OS group in terms of blood loss and plaster fixation, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). There was obvious difference in recurrence rate between the two groups (0% vs 17.33%, p = 0.018). No postoperative complications occurred during the follow-up period.ConclusionsCompared with open excision, the treatment of popliteal cyst in children by arthroscopic internal drainage to expand the articular cavity and eliminate the “one-way valve” mechanism between the cyst and the articular cavity exhibits better clinical outcomes and significantly reduces the recurrence rate, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.

The Treatment of Baker’s Cyst in The Presence of Knee Joint Effusion

A Baker’s Cyst or popliteal cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms at the posterior aspect of the knee in the popliteal fossa between the semimembranosus and medial head of the gastrocnemius [1-3]. Adults between the ages of 35 and 70 tend to be affected more; the incidence is between 10% and 41%, while the prevalence is 5% [4, 5]. Women are more affected than men as they are more likely to develop arthritis [2, 6]. Baker’s Cyst is commonly found in association with knee joint disorders such as meniscus tears and osteoarthritis [2, 3, 6]. During its development, a connection between the knee joint and the cyst is formed and a one-way “valve effect” allows for the flow of synovial fluid from the anterior to the posterior aspect of the knee. The valve opens and closes via flexion and extension, respectively; fluid influx occurs during flexion due to negative intra-articular pressure and stops with extension due to positive intra-articular pressure [2, 7]. Common symptoms include a swelling or lump behind the knee; knee/calf pain; fluid accumulation around the knee; and clicking, locking, or buckling of the knee joint [2].

Vascular Surgery of Limbs in Antananarivo: Indications and Outcomes

Background : The aim of this study was to describe the indications and outcomes for vascular surgery of limbs in Antananarivo. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study for a period of 6 years (01 January 2015 to 31 December 2020), performed at Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Teaching Hospital Antananarivo, including all patients underwent arterial procedures of limbs. Demographic data, surgical indications, cardiovascular risk factors and history of cardiovascular disease, reason of admission, diagnostic imaging, surgical procedures and outcomes were analyzed. Results : One hundred eighty-nine patients were recorded, including 141 males (74.60%) and 48 women (25.39%). The average age was 48.27years old. The commonest indications of surgical vascular procedures were trauma (33.86%), diabetic peripheral arteriopathy (38.09%) and peripheral arterial disease (12.16%). The most common modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were diabetes mellitus (53.43%), high blood pressure (51.85%), smoking (33.86%). Fourty-one patients (21.69%) had a history of cardiovascular disease. Gangrene (46.03%) and external bleeding (32.27%) were the commonest reason of admission. Surgical procedures were amputation (51.85%), arterial repair (32.80%), Fogarty thromboembolectomy (8.99%), ligation (13.15%) and popliteal cyst excision (3.17%). All revascularization procedures were performed by an open surgery. The overall limb salvage rate was 96.82%. Conclusion: Trauma and diabetic peripheral arteriopathy were the commonest indication of vascular surgery of limbs. Open repair surgery remain the surgical procedure to perform vascular surgery of limbs in our context. Keywords: Peripheral arterial. Trauma. Gangrene. Amputation. Revascularization. Surgery

"Secondary Lipoma Arborescens of the Knee Associate with Giant Popliteal Synovial Cyst. A Case Presentation"

Lipoma arborescens is a rare, mainly intra-articular lesion characterized by diffuse replacement of subsynovial tissue by mature fat cells. It can be primary or secondary. The secondary type of lipoma arborescens is the more common. It is associated with an underlying chronic joint inflammation and irritation and is usually affecting the elderly patients. In this paper, we report an unusual case of Lipoma arborescens secondary to gouty arthritis affecting the left knee of a young male associated with a giant popliteal cyst and degenerative changes. An open synovectomy and excision of the popliteal cyst was performed.

Preliminary Study on Grading Diagnosis of Early Knee Osteoarthritis by Shear Wave Elastography.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common chronic bone joint disease. The WHO points out that KOA has become the fourth most disabling disease in the world, and the main clinical treatment is prevention. At present, the clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis with deformation is mainly made by X-ray and two-dimensional ultrasound, and the preventive treatment effect is not good. Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been widely used in clinical practice for its advantages of noninvasive, simple, rapid, and high accuracy in soft tissue hardness. This study investigates the feasibility of using SWE in the grading diagnosis of KOA and the detection of early skeletal muscle injury. 60 patients were enrolled with unilateral KOA who met the inclusion criteria. Routine scanning and SWE exploration were carried out and compared between the affected and healthy knee joints. The measurements included morphology, damage degree of cartilage, joint effusion, joint synovial thickness, the degree of meniscus convexity, and shear wave speed (SWS) in the tendon attachment area of the quadriceps femoris superior patella, and tendon thickness and SWS between and within groups. The affected was scored according to the ultrasonic characteristics. The correlation between them was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of SWE in grading the diagnosis of KOA. 57 cases had knee cavity effusion (57/60, 95.0%), 58 cases had knee cartilage injury (58/60, 96.6%), and 35 cases had a lateral process of the medial meniscus (35/60, 53.3%); 30 cases had synovial hyperplasia (30/60, 50%), 21 cases had osteophyte formation (21/60, 35%), and no one had a popliteal cyst. There was no significant difference in tendon thickness between and within groups (p > 0.05), but a significant difference in SWS (p < 0.01); the SWS of the quadriceps femoris tendon is negatively correlated with ultrasound score (r = 0.955, p < 0.01). There is a strong negative correlation between SWS and the degree of KOA. It can be used in the grading diagnosis of KOA to help find more early strain points.

Associated Factors with Residual Popliteal Cyst after Arthroscopic Decompression and Cystectomy

Associated Factors with Residual Popliteal Cyst after Arthroscopic Decompression and Cystectomy

A case of popliteal cyst with intermittent claudication

A case of popliteal cyst with intermittent claudication