Poor Sleep Hygiene Research Articles

Use of theories of health behavior in sleep promotion studies: A scoping review

Background: Sleep deprivation forms a vicious cycle with chronic diseases. This can be prevented by promoting behaviors conducive to restorative sleep. Although theories of health behavior can inform issues of behavior change, their use in the context of sleep promotion has not been yet comprehensively reviewed. Methods: A scoping review was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched: AgeLine, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO. Additional studies were identified through reference chaining. Studies were included if theories of health behavior were mentioned, referenced and applied in relation to a sleep behavior. Study characteristics and data on theoretical applications were collected using a charting form. Quantitative findings were analyzed through frequency count, while qualitative findings were thematically analyzed. Results: Thirty-five studies with various method designs were included. Most studies targeted adults with obstructive sleep apnea (n=18) and students at risk of poor sleep hygiene (n=12). The application of twenty-two theories of health behavior was identified with three main ways of informing sleep promotion initiatives. Most of the evidence obtained from theoretical applications related to how personal beliefs, intentions to change and social influences can explain adherence to treatment for obstructive sleep apnea or the adoption of healthy sleep hygiene, and how these factors can be changed via theory-based interventions and program evaluations. Conclusions: This study provides public health researchers and health promoters synthesized evidence to deploy theorybased interventions that address many factors shown to influence treatment adherence for obstructive sleep apnea and healthy sleep hygiene. Limited evidence is provided on sleep behaviors pertinent to individuals affected with insomnia.

Poor sleep quality and associated factors among prisoners of the Diredawa correctional facility in eastern Ethiopia

BackgroundImpaired sleep quality affects judgment, psychomotor skills, memory, decision-making, concentration, and attention. It might also contribute to the development of new physical health problems, as well as exacerbating already existing physical problems. Despite this, there is a scarcity of research done in Africa including Ethiopia that addressed this issue. So this study assessed the quality of sleep and related factors among prisoners of the Diredawa correctional facility, Diredawa, eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done using a simple random sampling technique to recruit 421 participants from May 21 to June 21; 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleeps Quality Index (PSFIG), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PQ-9), and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) were used to assess participants’ socio-demographic data, sleep quality, depression, and sleep hygiene, respectively. The collected data were entered into EPA-data 3.1 and analyzed by using SPAS-20. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with odds ratio and 95% CI were employed. The statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 421 out of 423 prisoners were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 99.5%. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 227 (53.9%) with 95% CI (49.2, 58.7). Having co-morbidity of depression (adjusted odds ratio; OAR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.38,8.76), lifetime use of cigarette (OAR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.21,5.58), marijuana and hashish (OAR = 5.02, 95% CI 1.63,15.46), current use of coffee (OAR = 2.75, CI 1.37, 7.05), poor sleep hygiene (OAR = 3.19, CI 1.32,7.69), committing assault crime (OAR = 4.12, CI 1.29,10.63) and crime of rape (OAR = 5.57, CI (1.45, 13.89) were the associated factors for poor sleep quality in this study.ConclusionMore than half of the participants (53.9%) have poor sleep quality. Depression, lifetime use of cigarettes, using cannabis and hashish, current use of coffee, poor sleep hygiene, and crime types were the associated factors that should be taken into consideration and evaluated early to minimize poor sleep quality.

Efektifitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Perilaku Sleep Hygiene Dan Kualitas Tidur Pada Remaja Dengan Gangguan Tidur

Sleep is one of the basic human needs that is important for physical growth and intellectual development of adolescents are prone to sleep disorders due to poor sleep hygiene behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of health education with booklet and audiovisual media on sleep hygiene behavior and sleep quality in adolescents with sleep disorders. The research design used was Quasy Experimental. The research will be conducted at the Karitas Catholic High School 3 Surabaya. Sampling with a saturated sampling technique consisting of 89 adolescents with sleep disorders. The independent variable of this study was health education using audiovisual media and booklets, while the dependent variable was sleep hygiene behavior and sleep quality. Sleep hygiene behavior was assessed using the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) questionnaire and sleep quality was measured using the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) instrument. Data analysis in this study used a univariate test on each variable and a bivariate test to determine differences in sleep hygiene behavior and sleep quality before and after the intervention and to test the effectiveness of audiovisuals and booklets on sleep hygiene behavior and adolescent sleep quality. The bivariate test used in this study was Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. Data processing and analysis using statistical data processing computer programs with a significance level of p &lt;0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Health education using the booklet and audiovisual media effectively improves adolescent sleep hygiene behavior with sleep disorders (p = 0.001). Health education with booklet and audiovisual media effectively improves the sleep quality of adolescents with sleep disorders (p = 0.001). There is no significant difference in sleep hygiene behavior and adolescent sleep quality given health education with booklet and audiovisual media (p = 0.59 ; p = 0.93). Health education with booklet and audiovisual media effectively improves sleep hygiene behavior and sleep quality of adolescents with sleep disorders

Understanding sleep facilitators, barriers, and cultural dimensions in Native American urban youth

ObjectivesAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are a high-risk group for sleep problems and associated chronic conditions. Urban AI/AN youth may face certain challenges, including specific psychosocial stressors (e.g., discrimination) and environmental factors (e.g., noise, light) that render them particularly vulnerable to poor sleep health. However, few studies have explored AI/AN adolescent sleep. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use systematic qualitative methods with AI/AN youth to explore their sleep environment and sleep behaviors. DesignIn-depth interviews with 26 youth. SettingTwo urban areas in Central and Southern California. ParticipantsUrban-dwelling AI/AN youth, age 12-16 years. InterventionN/A. MeasurementN/A. ResultsWe identified five main themes, each with subthemes: sleep patterns and desired sleep, sleep barriers inside the home, environmental factors, sleep facilitators, and cultural dimensions. Key concerns discussed were poor sleep hygiene, excessive use of electronics prior to bedtime, issues with temperature regulation, and noise both within and outside the home. Parents can be an important vehicle for messaging around sleep health and for behavior management. Participating adolescents also indicated differing levels of attachment to Native identity, suggesting that culturally-targeted sleep interventions should build in openness and flexibility to a range of identity starting points. Further, we identified cultural practices, such as sweat lodges and dreamcatchers, that could be incorporated in future sleep interventions for this population. ConclusionFindings increase our understanding of urban AI/AN youth's sleep environments and behaviors, thus potentially informing program development around sleep health for this vulnerable population.

The impact of childhood sexual abuse on sleep in adulthood

BackgroundIt has been documented that people reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) tend to report poor sleep quality as adults. However, there are many limitations to this research. ObjectiveThis study examines the relation of CSA to a range of sleep symptoms, addressing some of the limitations of prior research. Moreover, we examined several mechanisms through which CSA might be related to disturbed sleep. Participants and settingParticipants were a community sample of 234 U.S. residents, 124 who self-identified as women, 108 as men, 1 as genderqueer, and 1 who preferred not to say. Ages ranged from 21 to 71 (M = 35.19, SD = 10.42). MethodsParticiplants completed online measures of trauma, 21 different aspects of disturbed sleep, health behaviour, and sleep hygiene. ResultsMany of the variables did not meet the assumptions for parametric analyses; therefore, four groups were compared by means of Kruskal-Wallis omnibus tests: CSA, physical abuse (CPA), both CSA and CPA, no childhood trauma or abuse. There were no differences between those reporting CSA versus CPA while all abuse groups differed from those reporting no history of adverse experiences. Indirect effects were assessed using the PROCESS v3.5 Model 4 with 10,000 bootstrapped samples. Recent trauma, engaging in risky behaviours, and poor sleep hygiene all partially accounted for many of the relations between CSA and sleep complaints. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CSA is a general, non-specific risk factor for sleep disorders; however, this risk might be partially mitigated through improved sleep hygiene and risk management.

Sleep hygiene in paramedics: What do they know and what do they do?

ObjectivesShift workers routinely obtain inadequate sleep, which has major health and wellbeing consequences. Sleep hygiene describes a range of behaviours, lifestyle and environmental factors that can support optimal sleep. To date, limited research has examined sleep hygiene in shift workers. This study aimed to 1) assess the knowledge and understanding of sleep hygiene amongst shift working paramedics, as well as its perceived impact on sleep, and 2) investigate paramedics' engagement with sleep hygiene practices. Study DesignParticipants completed an online, cross-sectional survey. ParticipantsQueensland Ambulance Service paramedics (n = 184) who engage in shift work. MeasuresThe online survey included questions from the Standard Shiftwork Index and Sleep Hygiene Index. ResultsMost participants reported little or no understanding or knowledge of ‘sleep hygiene’ as a concept. Participants reported that sleep scheduling and bedroom environment (temperature, light, and noise) were the most impactful on sleep. Few participants reported nicotine and alcohol consumption, or daytime napping, whereas caffeine consumption and mentally-stimulating bedtime activities were more common. Participants who were young, single, and worked varying shift types (day, afternoon, and night) as part of their regular rosters demonstrated less knowledge regarding sleep hygiene, and were more likely to be exhibiting poor sleep hygiene engagement. ConclusionsParamedics demonstrated a limited level of understanding of sleep hygiene as a concept, and varied knowledge about the impacts of individual sleep hygiene factors. Further, paramedics demonstrated varied engagement with individual sleep hygiene practices. Future research should focus on the development of sleep hygiene interventions to optimise sleep in paramedics.

The immediate impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on subjective sleep status

BackgroundAn outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been ongoing in China since January 2020. The threat of infection affects the work and life of most of the population and may also damage sleep. This study aims to examine the subjective sleep status and mental health of the population during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodThe data were collected through an online questionnaire with a sample of 5461 individuals in China from February 5, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on their degree of threat from COVID-19: Group 1 was most closely associated with COVID-19, including inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19, first-line hospital workers and first-line management staff; Group 2 included outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 and patients who developed a fever and visited the hospital; Group 3 included people related to Group 1 or 2, such as their colleagues, relatives, friends and rescuers; and Group 4 was the farthest removed from contact with COVID-19, covering the general public affected by COVID-19 prevention strategies. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) were used. ResultsThreat degree of COVID-19 (groups) had significant correlations with insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Age, gender, and area (Hubei province or other provinces) had significant correlations with insomnia (p < 0.01). A total of 1380 (24.46%) participants were suspected of having major depression based on the PHQ-9. Additionally, 1042 (18.47%) participants were suspected of having generalized anxiety disorder based on the GAD-7. A total of 892 (15.8%) of the participants had Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) according to the ASDS. The prevalence of clinical insomnia during the outbreak was 20.05% (1131) according to the ISI. The factors of satisfaction with the current sleep pattern and how perceptible the symptoms of the current sleep pattern are to other people (p < 0.05) and the middle (difficulty staying asleep) and terminal (waking up too early) (p < 0.01) factors of the ISI were significantly different across groups. A total of 1129 (20.01%) participants spent more than one hour awake in bed. ConclusionThe results indicated that insomnia is more severe in people who are female, young, living in the epicenter and experiencing a high degree of threat from COVID-19. As prevention and treatment efforts continue with regard to COVID-19, the general public has developed poor sleep hygiene habits, which deserve attention.

0507 Mobile Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Efficient in Improving Sleep in Students

Abstract Introduction Academic achievements and social life on campus represent the main focus for students, while sleep is neglected. The emergence of social media, gaming reduces sleep opportunity, quality and ability. Students are sleep challenged and prone to develop chronic sleep difficulties in later life. Cognitive behavioral interventions are recognized as effective for insomnia and circadian misalignment. We aimed at detecting sleep difficulties, related habits, and at testing the efficacy of a mobile app in improving sleep in students with insomnia symptoms. Methods Observational study of US students who approached wellness staff and were offered the Refresh by Sleeprate mobile app that provides a sleep assessment followed by weekly cycles of personalized digital cognitive and behavioral reframing. The app collects perceived, and optional objective sleep data acquired using wearable devices. 892 students aged 18-30 years registered an account between Jan 1 and Oct 30, 2019. The study reports engagement data and outcomes of the assessment and the digital intervention. Results 507 completed their assessment (6.2 avg nights). 69% presented insomnia symptoms with or without circadian misalignment, 8% circadian misalignment, 12% sleep deprivation, 11% poor sleep hygiene. 192 (55.3% of students with insomnia symptoms) completed at least one week of intervention (5.6 weekly avg nights, 28 avg total nights). Sleep Latency (SL) in minutes decreased from 28.8 (21.5) (Mean/SD) to 22.1 (19.3), p&amp;lt;0.001. When the initial mean SL was longer than 30 minutes, the improvement was larger, from 53.9 (20.8) to 32.7 (25.4) (p&amp;lt;0.001). Mean perceived Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) longer than 30 minutes decreased from 46.3 (19.0) to 35.8 (21.4), p&amp;lt;0.05. Sleep Efficiency (SE) increased by 1.6% (p&amp;lt;0.002) for all, and by 7.1% (p&amp;lt;0.001) for SE&amp;lt;85%. Conclusion The mobile app used reveals sleep problems and is efficient in improving insomnia symptoms in those who remain engaged. 55% of those who started the program also completed it. Engagement remains the main barrier to sleep improvement at scale. Support N/A

1179 Barriers To Sleep Among Children Exposed To Adversity

Abstract Introduction Children exposed to adversity (e.g., homelessness, poverty) are at risk of poor sleep. Community settings that serve these children, both residential (e.g., foster care group homes, shelters) and non-residential (e.g., early care and education, schools), hold important understandings to the barriers to sleep they experience. We surveyed a heterogeneous national sample of community-based organizations (CBOs) in our Pajama Program sample to explore these barriers. Methods Pajama Program, a national 501(c)(3) nonprofit, administered an online needs assessment in May 2016 to staff at 3,911 CBOs. This poster reports on qualitative responses to the question, What are the primary barriers to sleep and bedtime among children your organization serves? Responses from residential and non-residential CBOs were analyzed separately. Two trained coders independently used the constant comparative method to analyze transcripts. Results Survey respondents (1,635) provided services in non-residential (42%), residential (18%) and combined (43%) settings. Organizations provided child welfare/foster care (20.6% of programs); transitional housing/shelter (20.5%); social services (15.6%); and early care and education (12.7%) services. Responses to the target open-ended item were from 127 non-residential and 55 residential programs. Sleep barriers common to both settings included: late/irregular bedtimes; no bedtime routine; lack of sleep education; housing/food insecurity; stress; disrupted/uncomfortable sleep; and adapting to new environments. Trauma was a barrier among residential (vs. non-residential) programs. Non-residential providers noted unstable family situations, bedding insecurity, and poor sleep hygiene. Conclusion Our research highlights barriers to sleep among children exposed to adversity, a largely understudied yet high risk group. Barriers reported by residential and non-residential CBOs were more similar than different. was Across program types and settings, CBOs expressed a need for sleep health education interventions for children and caregivers. Support Funding for this project was provided by Pajama Program, a national 501(c)(3) non-profit.

0217 Adolescents’ Evening Preference is Associated with Specific Sleep Hygiene Behaviours

Abstract Introduction Circadian tendencies are associated with individual differences in preferred timing of behaviour. Sleep hygiene encompasses a variety of habits that are necessary for healthy. Given the later bedtimes of individuals with evening circadian preferences, more time is spent being awake in the evening and this could be associated with increased or longer engagement in poor sleep hygiene. Specific sleep hygiene practices that are common in adolescents with high evening preferences may therefore be a target to improve sleep. However, the relationship between specific sleep hygiene behaviours and circadian preferences in adolescents has not been examined. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between circadian preference and specific domains of sleep hygiene behavior. Methods 127 adolescents (86 female) between 13 and 18 years old (M = 14.83, SD = 1.20) participated in the study. Circadian preferences were measured by the Morningness-Eveningness subscale of the School Sleep Habits Survey. Sleep hygiene was measured using the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS). Results Higher eveningness scores were significantly negatively associated with the ASHS physiological, behavioural arousal, cognitive emotional arousal, sleep environment, sleep stability, daytime sleep, substances use factors (r = -.20, p = &amp;lt;.05, r = -.27, p = &amp;lt;.01, r = -.32, p = &amp;lt;.01, r = -.18, p = &amp;lt;.05, r = -.41, p = &amp;lt;.01, r = -.28, p = &amp;lt;.01, r = 0.20, p = &amp;lt;.05 respectively) and with total sleep hygiene score (r = -.45, p = &amp;lt;.01). Conclusion Higher eveningness preferences in adolescents is significantly associated with poorer sleep hygiene in all domains with the exception of bedtime routine. Behavioural arousal, cognitive emotional, and sleep stability domains show the strongest inverse correlations. These findings could be used to inform the development of tailored sleep health interventions for adolescents with strong evening tendencies Support Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) support for Dr. Reut Gruber.

0180 Sleep, Sleepiness, and Sleep Hygiene Related to Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia)

Abstract Introduction Previously, active phone use at bedtime has been implicated in disrupted sleep and related complaints. To improve sleep, a recommendation following such findings is limiting phone use before and during bedtime. However, for those with the characteristic of “nomophobia”, fear of being out of mobile phone contact, this recommendation could exacerbate anxiety at and around bedtime and disrupt, rather than improve, sleep. In 2012, an estimated 77% of 18-24-year-olds could be identified as nomophobic. Because of the prevalence of nomophobia and its possible interaction with sleep, we explored the existence of nomophobia in a college-age population and its relationship to sleep, sleepiness, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Methods 327 university students (age: M=19.7 years, SD=3.78) recruited from introductory psychology courses and campus newsletters were given extra credit or a chance to win $25 gift cards for participation. Participants completed demographic information, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, questions regarding associated features of inadequate sleep hygiene, and the Sleep Hygiene Index. Additional sleep hygiene questions assessed frequency of active and passive technology use during sleep time. Results 89.4% of the participants had moderate or severe nomophobia. Greater nomophobia was significantly related to greater daytime sleepiness (ESS) (r(293)=.150, p&amp;lt;.05), associated features of poor sleep (daytime sleepiness: r(297)=.097, p&amp;lt;.05, and avolition: r(297)=.100, p&amp;lt;.05), more maladaptive sleep hygiene behaviors including active technology use during sleep time (r(298)=.249, p&amp;lt;.05), long daytime naps, inconsistent wake and bed times, using bed for non-sleep purposes, uncomfortable bed, and bedtime cognitive rumination (r’s=0.097 to 0.182). Conclusion Most participants experienced moderate to severe nomophobia with greater nomophobia associated with greater sleepiness, avolition, and poorer sleep hygiene. Nomophobia is likely to be an important consideration when treating sleep disorders and/or making any sleep hygiene recommendations. Support Hendrix College Charles Brewer Fund for Psychology

0197 Chronotype is Influenced by Behavioral Choices and Can Fluctuate Across the Semester in STEM Students

Abstract Introduction A delay in endogenous biological rhythms is assumed to cause undergraduate students to be “night owls,” but neurodevelopmental effects may only partially explain chronotype (circadian preference). Instead, perceived chronotype in students may result from poor sleep hygiene practices including bedtime social media use, afternoon caffeine consumption, and daytime napping. If so, then chronotype should be malleable in students to the extent that behavioral choices change. Methods We surveyed 1,120 undergraduate students who were enrolled in STEM courses across up to 3 time points during the semester. The survey assessed perceived chronotype (morning/evening type), global sleep quality, and daily habits that impact alertness and sleep hygiene (e.g., social media usage and timing, caffeine consumption and timing, and napping behavior). Results Relative to Morning Types, students who perceived themselves as being Evening Types showed 23.1% greater bedtime social media usage (t=3.14, p=.002), 35.1% greater daytime napping duration (t=4.44, p&amp;lt;.001), and a 44 minute later average time of caffeine consumption (even though total caffeine consumption was reduced; t=2.30, p=.022). Evening Types also reported lower subjective health (t=3.55, p&amp;lt;.001), with 14.2% of the association between chronotype and subjective health being mediated by bedtime social media use (direct effect: b=0.050, p=.002; indirect effect: b=0.009, p&amp;lt;.05). Ninety-one students reported switching from being Evening Types at baseline to Morning Types at a later survey; those who switched to Morning Types used less social media and consumed less caffeine after 5pm and they showed significant improvements across the semester in sleep duration, sleep quality, and exam scores (ps&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion Perceived chronotype is related to social media and caffeine consumption behaviors and is modifiable. Students who perceive themselves as night owls may find better health and academic success if they behave like morning larks. Support National Science Foundation (DRL 1920730)

0262 An Exploratory Examination of the Relationship Between Negative Affect, Stress and Emotional Reactivity, Mindfulness, and Sleep Incompatible Behaviors

Abstract Introduction Stress has been identified as a barrier to engaging in positive health behaviors. Sleep interventions, including sleep hygiene recommendations, highlight stress management as an important treatment component. However, the relationship between negative emotion, stress management or emotion regulation, and positive sleep behaviors has largely been unexamined. Therefore, the current study, through secondary analyses, examined the relationships between negative affect, stress and emotional reactivity and sleep incompatible behaviors. Lastly, the indirect effect that dispositional mindfulness, as a possible self-regulatory mechanism, may have on the relationship was also examined. It was hypothesized that greater levels of stress, emotional reactivity, and negative arousal along with lower levels of dispositional mindfulness would predict higher engagement in sleep incompatible behaviors. Methods Participants (n=308) identified mostly as female (55.8%) and White/Caucasian (83.2%) and with an average age of 36.76 (SD = 12.20). Participants completed the Perceived Stress and Reactivity Scale (PSRS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Sleep Behaviors Self-Rating Scale, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the relevant subscales from the PSRS, PANAS, and FFMQ to predict the occurrence of behaviors incompatible with healthy sleep. Results The hypothesis was partially supported. Results indicated that the model significantly predicted sleep incompatible behavior (R2= .108, F(9, 299) = 4.042, p &amp;lt; .001), with only negative affect (β= .163, t(299) = 2.555, p = .011) and nonreactivity (β= -.219, t(299) = -2.484, p = .014) remaining significant when all variables were entered in the model. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that negative affect and reactivity are significant predictors of engagement in poor sleep hygiene practices. They also suggest that certain facets of dispositional mindfulness has an indirect relationship with sleep incompatible behaviors. The results may contribute to the development of sleep health interventions and highlight the need for future research. Support N/A

Knowledge, practice and correlates of sleep hygiene among people living with HIV/AIDS attending anti-retroviral therapy at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSleep hygiene is a series of behavioral practices that can be performed by individuals with sleep complaints to prevent or reverse sleep difficulties. The feasibility, cost-effectiveness, absence of side effects and immediate responses to sleep problems make sleep hygiene practices more applicable than other treatment options for people living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is no evidence regarding sleep hygiene awareness and its practice in people with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, practice and correlates of sleep hygiene among adults attending outpatient anti-retroviral treatment at Zewditu Memorial Hospital.MethodsThis was an institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from 1st of May to 16th of June 2018 amongst people attending anti-retroviral therapy follow-up at Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit a total of 396 study participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Sleep Hygiene Index was used to measure the level of sleep hygiene of study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with sleep hygiene practice. In the multi-variable analysis, variables with P-values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant correlates of sleep hygiene practice with 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that there are limitations regarding the knowledge and practice of sleep hygiene of people with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. None of the participants attended training regarding sleep hygiene. More than half (51.3%) had poor sleep hygiene practice. Female sex [AOR = 5.80:95% CI (3.12, 10.7)], being single [AOR =2.29:95% CI (0.13, 9.51)], depression [AOR = 2.93: 95% CI (1.73, 4.96)] and current khat use [AOR = 3.30; 95% CI (1.67, 6.50)] were identified as statistically significant correlates of poor sleep hygiene practice.ConclusionsKnowledge regarding sleep hygiene is poor, and its practices are incorrect amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. These findings demonstrate a need for professionals to play a major role in addressing this problem by integrating sleep hygiene as an added treatment modality to the HIV/AIDS care service. Designing training programs and awareness creation strategies for people with HIV/AIDS to improve their sleep hygiene practice is also highly recommended.

Sleep Disorders in Adolescents.

Chronic sleep deprivation is a common, treatable condition among adolescents. Growing literature supports a myriad consequences that impact overall health, behavior, mood, and academic performance in this vulnerable age group during a time when there are rapid changes in physical development and emotional regulation. This article reviews the epidemiology and health effects of sleep deprivation in adolescents as well as common disorders leading to sleep loss and evidence to support treatment. Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.

Insomnia and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.

Citation:Li Y, Qin Q, Sun Q, Sanford LD, Vgontzas AN, Tang X. Insomnia and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(8):1417–1418.

Sleep disorders in myotonic dystrophies.

Myotonic dystrophies (DM), the most common muscular dystrophies, are known to have significant sleep disturbances. We analyzed the literature on sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in DM over the past 30 years. In this review we provide a brief overview of sleep, sleep disorders, and methods of assessment. We also analyze data regarding major sleep disorders in DM patients, including: sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), with both central and obstructive sleep apneas (CSA,OSA); EDS; sleep-related movement disorders; and poor sleep quality. We review the possible pathogenesis of these disorders and outline management strategies. We also consider possible future avenues for research. The findings highlight the complex set of sleep-related problems, including the primary abnormality of sleep control in myotonic dystrophies. In individual patients the roles of poor sleep hygiene, SDB, primary hypersomnia, and excess fatigue require careful assessment for appropriate management.

Poor Sleep Hygiene Is Associated With Decreased Discrimination and Inattention on Continuous Performance Task in Doctor of Physical Therapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Reduced sleep quality impairs learning, memory formation, attention, and executive function ability. Poor sleep quality or sleep hygiene has been shown to impair academic performance of undergraduate and medical students. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and cognitive performance in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. Fifty DPT students at the University of Kansas Medical Center completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) which is a test of sustained attention and the Trail-Making Task (TMT) to assess executive functioning. An actigraph was worn for one week to objectively characterize sleep outcomes. Spearman's correlations were performed to assess the association between self-report sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and outcomes on the cognitive tasks. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine group differences between sleep outcomes and cognitive performance for demographic variable categories. Twenty-three students (46%) reported poor sleep quality, and 27 participants (54%) had objectively-reported poor sleep quality. There was a significant positive correlation between SHI and Detectability (rs= 0.297, p= 0.036) and Omissions (rs=.343, p=0.015). There were group differences between sex and number of pets on the CPT outcomes, and there was a significant group difference between the number of drinks/week categories on the SHI. About half of the participants were identified as having poor sleep quality. Poorer sleep hygiene was associated with poorer discrimination and inattention, which could potentially impact the students' academic and clinical performance as well as their health and wellbeing. Also, certain demographic variables may modulate the results.

Sleep Habits in First Year Medical Students at AIIMS Patna and its Impact on their Academic Performance

Introduction: - Sleep is an important biological necessity. Sleep timing and duration affects many functions of our body like, endocrine, metabolic, and neurological functions which are critical to the maintenance of individual health. College students often have erratic sleep schedules, poor sleep hygiene and poor sleep quality, which might affect their performance and cognitive functions. Objective: To characterize sleep habits and day and night habits in medical students using sleep quality assessment (PQSI scale) and Epworth sleepiness scale; to estimate how subjective sleep quality is associated with sleep problems in students; to estimate how academic progress is associated with subjective sleep quality. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional design- A self-administered paper questionnaire was administered of first-year through finalyear MBBS students. Students data on sleep quality was collected routinely as part of orientation program to assess students’ need in department of Physiology. Data on academic performance (first professional marks) was accessed from examination controller. Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale scoring was done. Results: A total of 90 medical students of AIIMS Patna, aged 16 to 25 years completed the study. Sleep habits of students shows an extreme range of 2 to 4 hrs minimum sleep to 7 to 9 hrs of maximum sleep. Maximum students take 6 to 7 hrs sleep. No statistically significant difference in academic performance between the different Epworth sleepiness score is observed. Negative correlation was obtained between the PSQI and grade average.

The relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality among residents of an elderly care institution in DKI Jakarta

&lt;p class="AbstractContent"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Elderly are at risk of poor slepp quality and other health problems due to reduced sleep satisfaction. The objective of this study was to explore the association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in elderly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractContent"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in four elderly care institutions in Jakarta, Indonesia, involving a purposive sample of 103 elderly aged 60 to 111 years old. Data were collected using Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractContent"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Over half of the residents had poor sleep hygiene (51.5%) and more than three quarter (81.6%) had poor sleep quality. The study revealed that there was a highly significant relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality (p = 0.001). The study also showed that those with poor sleep hygiene were 7.834 times more likely to have poor sleep quality.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractContent"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Nurses need to include interventions that may address residents’ sleep problems. They also need to promote sleep hygiene and improve residents’ sleep quality.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;elderly, institution, sleep hygiene, sleep quality