Beyond the prematurity several factors can interfere with the neurobehavioral responses of newborn infants in their early days of life [1]. Indeed, although the modern medicine have reduced the impact of many preand peri-natal risks factors, there are many others – such as adverse effects of prenatal toxic substances, fetal growth problems, hyperbilirubinemia, perinatal asphyxia, acute fetal distress and gestational and pre-gestational diabetes – that remained unchanged [2]. The possible influence of these factors on infants’ behavioral response profiles suggests that, even if born at term, these infants are at-risks of adverse outcomes [3]. For istance, several studies about infants of drugs-addicted mothers indicate neurobehavioral problems in the neonatal period; the most common findings in the infant’s neurobehavior are problems of states regulation, irritability, difficult consolability, instable motor control [1]. This neurobehavioral dysregulation predicts behavior problems in childhood and long term cognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbances [4]. It has been suggested that these behavior outcomes are originated by multiple pathways, direct and indirect [5]: the direct path is tought to be a “true” teratogenic drugs effect, including epigenetic mechanisms [6], whereas the indirect path is represented by a cascade of social, environmental, maternal (e.g., mother’s psychic state) conditions that can interfere with a normal attacchment process [7]. Indeed, newborn behavioral dysegulation may interfere with the first steps of bonding because the parents may have difficulties to know the infant’s competencies or to be unable to see them for their emotional state: the inadequate capacity of understanding infants’ signals, the difficulty of effective soothing and regulating the infant behavior may lead to increasing maternal stress and to lowered maternal self-esteem and, consequently, hamper a harmonious mother–infant relation. Similar features emerge in the SGA/IUGR population. These infants exhibit a reduced or instable motor activity, lower capacity to respond to external stimuli, self-quieting difficulties, poor state regulation, more stress/abstinence signs [3]. These neurobehavioral features reduce, as in drug-addicted mothers, the mothers’s ability “to understand” their baby and to establish a good relation with him/her. Mother–baby bonding appears at risk even in the populations of adolescent mothers who are generally emotionally immature [8] and frequently affected by psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, post-traumativ stress disorder. The bonding is further threatened since these infants are disorganized, excitable, harder to comfort than other