Poorer Sections Research Articles

Management Practices at Poultry Demonstration Centres for Boosting Backyard Poultry Farming System in Ramban District of Jammu & Kashmir, India: A Review

The Backyard poultry farming is an age-old practice in India and plays an important role to reduce poverty among the most under-privileged sections of the Jammu & Kashmir, particularly in far flung areas of rural J&K, India. There is not any specific arrangement required for backyard poultry farming and is mostly popular in backward and resource-deprived areas of J&K and provides rural families with good source of income, healthy food sources in terms of meat and eggs. Backyard poultry farming improves the status of women in rural communities, creates jobs for rural residents, and closes the gap between supply and demand for chicken products, such as meat and eggs. The high mortality rate among chicks due to frequent disease outbreaks, lack of a framework, lower potential of Desi chickens, lack of scientific information, predation, hunger, climate change, and year-round fluctuations in feed supply and price are some of the major drawbacks of backyard poultry farming in J&K. This farming needs to be improved because it is the best way for J&K's marginal and small farmers to supplement their income with relatively little investment. Nonetheless, the J&K government has started 29 projects under the Holistic Agriculture growth Programme (HADP), of which P25 is only focused on the growth of poultry in J&K. Backyard poultry farming results in socio-economic development, nutritional and livelihood security, empowerment of women etc. among rural people. Birds are kept mostly on scavenging system, where they acquire their feeds through natural foraging, kitchen wastes etc. Rural poultry farming has been responsible to produce 40 per cent meat and 44 per cent egg requirement in J&K. Chicken eggs and meat are the only cheapest and best sources of protein, vitamin and minerals with high biological value for rural poor and marginal sections of people. The additional income earned from indigenous chicken farming has improved their socio- economic stability.

Green Growth in Jordan: Leveraging Waste Management for Sustainability, Poverty Reduction, and Social Development

This paper examines Jordan's social development in the context of ecology and waste recycling through an analysis of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan's 2021-2025 National Green Growth Plan, which prioritizes green growth. The study addresses Jordan's environmental challenges, including high waste generation, limited recycling infrastructure, and the socio-economic impacts of the Syrian refugee crisis, emphasizing the need for strategic waste management to achieve national development goals. The methodology employed involved a comprehensive review of recent literature, a detailed analysis of waste generation and recycling data, and an evaluation of green growth strategies outlined in Jordan's national plans. To enrich the study, global best practices and case studies were incorporated to propose actionable solutions. The findings of the study highlight several barriers, including inadequate infrastructure, limited public awareness, and poor private sector involvement. The study identifies waste collection and recycling as potential avenues for poverty reduction, economic innovation, and reducing reliance on imported materials. The study recommends the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) initiatives, the enhancement of public awareness, and the leveraging of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) for the efficient management of waste. The promotion of private sector partnerships and the engagement of vulnerable communities can drive sustainable growth, positioning Jordan for a greener economy.

Educating for Social Justice Lawyering and Community Legal Empowerment: Learnings from India and Bangladesh

The access to justice crisis is severe in India and Bangladesh. Both of these countries have enormous unmet legal needs. To ensure access to justice, three components need to be fulfilled: The existence of a legal institutional framework, awareness among citizens regarding this framework and its processes and citizens’ effective access to them. The state is obligated to ensure that there is access to justice, especially for the poor sections of society. Law schools have an important role to play in providing solutions to this crisis. Clinical legal education (CLE) programmes in law schools, with their mission of providing skill-based training to law students, and legal services to underserved communities are well positioned to respond to the needs of access to justice. This article examines the challenges to social justice lawyering and community empowerment in India and Bangladesh and compares the status of CLE’s response to them in both countries. It recommends three solutions for ‘socially relevant legal education’ and to resolve the access to justice crisis. First, the institutional support for CLE programmes needs to be improved. Second, sustained sources of funding are imperative for the development of such programmes. Third, the regulators of legal education should take serious measures to bridge the gap between academia and practice in the legal profession.

Nested multilevel modelling study of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption among middle aged and elderly Indian adults: distribution, determinants and socioeconomic disparities

IntroductionThe Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) shows a drop in tobacco use worldwide. Despite the drop, there still continues to be a significant number of tobacco users in India. Research on tobacco use among young persons is commonly prioritised in India, while studies on tobacco use among middle-aged (45–59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) adults are noticeably lacking. We have conducted this study with objective to estimate the distribution, determinants and socioeconomic inequalities of smoking (SM) and smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption across Indian states and union territories.MethodsThis study was based on 66,606 participants aged ≥ 45 years using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)-1 (2017–2018) data. Distribution of tobacco consumption (any form, smoking (SM), smokeless (SLT) and both) was documented as per Indian states and union territories with spatial distribution by Indian map. Demographic, socioeconomic, health related and behavioural determinants were established using nested multilevel regression modelling. Socioeconomic disparities were documented using concentration curve. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsOverall, 36.78% participants documented using any form of tobacco; with higher consumption of SLT (19.88%) than smoking/SM (13.92%). Only 2.98% consumed both. Mizoram had highest consumption of tobacco in any form (78.21%) and smoking (35.18%). Elderly participants had higher odds of consuming tobacco (any 1.23 (1.18–1.28), SM 1.99 (1.14–1.27), SLT 1.08 (1.03–1.14) and both 1.27 (1.14–1.40 times) than middle aged participants. Females, OBC (other backward castes), urban residence had lower odds in all the categories, while being widow/ separated/ divorced, belonging to Muslim community, having clerical and skilled occupation, poor self-rated health, comorbidity and multimorbidity had higher odds. With decrease in the wealth index, educational status and frequency of physical activity the odds of tobacco consumption increased. The odds of higher tobacco consumption were documented from northeast region (2.56 (2.37–2.76) higher than north). Alcohol consumption had the highest odds (4.94 (4.69–5.21)). Participants exposed to media had lower odds (11% lower) of consuming tobacco. The socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco consumption were significantly distributed more among the poorest (any -0.064 (-0.072 to -0.056) and SLT -0.069 (-0.072 to -0.056)).ConclusionPrioritising tobacco prevention and increasing availability and accessibility of cessation programmes that are suited with unique requirements and circumstances, even for elderly population, are essential focusing on the higher determinants across poorest section in the country.

Prevalence Of Anemia, Its Diagnose, Causes and Treatment: - A Case Study of Faridabad District In Haryana

Epidemiological information and disease prevalence studies have always been vital for planning control strategies and monitoring the impact of interventions to control such diseases. The present study is an outcome of a medical camp done under the aegis of PMGY an NGO model worldwide. Being assisted by hospitals and clinics run by the state and philanthropists, the NGO provides charitable medical services, free treatment, free medicines, and even free food and clothes to underprivileged sections of society. Keeping in view the mission of the NGO, and the poor mass of underprivileged people, this study has been devised to assess the prevalence, symptoms, causes and treatment of anemia in Faridabad mostly for two reasons. Firstly, because the locality is the operating field of the NGO and secondly, because anemia is at the highest prevalence, as found in our first observation of patients coming to the slum outreach camps and clinics under study. This will help make effective strategies of intervention, control and dissemination of health-related awareness &amp; better preventative care and treatment to the target group i.e. the poor and underprivileged sections of the society. This cross-sectional study focuses on residents of the Faridabad district who were clinically assessed and treated for free. Seven rural and 19 urban clusters where nearly 750 people with underprivileged backgrounds came forward for the study. People with ongoing ailments were assessed alongside healthy individuals who required regular health checkups with utmost precaution to prevent community transmission. The treatment protocol revolved around palliative and curative treatment for symptomatic cases and preventative care only, when necessary, for asymptomatic cases.

Revolutionising the Indian Government School System with the Help of AI and other New Age Technological Developments

Education is essential for individuals to participate in a democratic society, enjoy their rights and fulfil their responsibilities. -John Dewey For a man to be able to negotiate a community life in fulfilling ways and develop a sense of autonomy is the elementary purpose of education. Hence a strong public education system is a requisite for the needs of all, even for the poor and marginalised sections of the society. The norm followed in India is to run behind private education institutes and run away from government schools because of the inadequate infrastructure and demotivated staff. Hence to break these shackles of stereotype mindset, implementing AI at government schools to maximise the quality of education and reach every part of the number one populous country stands important. Not just reaching a large number but also to alter the age-old pattern of learning, with the aid of new technologies and AI the learning process could be given a new direction where the needs of each learner will be met based upon their grasping and understanding of the subject. AI will also play a crucial role in beating the shortage of staff. Private organisations have adopted VR and AR to create immersive and engaging learning experiences, while other new-age technologies such as cloud computing, learning analytics, and blockchain are also used to achieve monopoly in the private education industry. The Indian government should invest in developing and implementing AI-powered learning platforms and other new-age technologies in government schools to serve every Indian who can not afford private institutions. The government should also provide training to teachers on how to use these technologies effectively with certification. By doing so, the Indian government can help to ensure that all students have access to a high-quality modern education. For a country as massive as India in terms of population and democracy both, implementing it is not an easy task, but if changes are made in the legislation to revolutionise the Government school system in India , days are not far where AI will take the whole education system on to an affirmative path. This whole research paper is an analysed perspective of the same topic.

PERFORMANCE, GUT MICROBIAL POPULATION AND HISTOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED PROBIOTICS AND ORGANIC ACID SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

This study evaluated the effects of sodium acetate and probiotics on performance, gut histology and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty, one-day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to one of the four treatments: Negative control(basal), positive control (antibiotics), sodium acetate and probiotics with six replicates of ten birds each in a study that lasted for 42 days. Feed intake was not affected at starter phase. The body weight gain (BWG) of birds fed sodium acetate (648.63g/bird) was higher (P&lt;0.05) compared to 463.58g/bird (negative control), 460.32g/bird (positive control), and 461.81g/bird (probiotics). At finisher phase, the feed conversion ratio of birds were not affected. The body weight gain of birds fed the different feed additives showed significant (P&lt;0.05) differences. It was observed that birds fed sodium acetate had higher (P&lt;0.05) BWG (965.83g/bird) compared to control (721.43g/bird), antibiotics (762.44g/bird) and probiotics (770.77g/bird) supplemented diets. Sample sectioning of the ileum of birds fed the control diet showed no observable lesion, poor section and a thinned villi. However, birds that fed with diet containing probiotics showed moderate villi atrophy, while birds fed sodium acetate diet showed no observation lesion. Lactobacillus count in birds fed sodium acetate (13.15) and probiotics (15.27) were higher (P&lt;0.05) compared to other treatments. However E. coli, Salmonella and fungi population did not differ (P&gt;0.05) significantly in birds fed different dietary treatments. The total bacteria count (TBC) observed in birds fed the negative control (basal) was higher (P&lt;0.05) than TBC of birds in other diets. A healthy gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens was achieved using sodium acetate and probiotics.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF POPULATION AND LITERACY IN BANKURA DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Population change and literacy status of the people are two key determinants of the overall development of any region. This study aims to analyze the changing pattern of growth and the changes in literacy rate over a period of time in the district of Bankura based on secondary database from Census of India 2011. The study shows Bankura has always experienced a normal unevenness in terms of spatial distribution. It has a population density of 464 persons/sq. km in 2001 that increased to 523 persons/sq. km in 2011. Bankura exhibits a low decadal growth rate of 12.64% in 2001-2011. The literacy rate of Bankura has increased from 52.04% in 1991 to 63.84% in 2001 and 70.95% in 2011. Among all the blocks bankura district, Kotulpur block ranks first in terms of total literacy rate, male literacy rate and female literacy rate. However Bankura scores low on the overall female literacy side. Literacy rate has increased as a result of wide spread of free school education and mass literacy campaign through direct involvement of the poor and weaker section of the society mainly with the help of panchayets.

IMPACT OF SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN HANDICRAFT ARTISANS OF MANIPUR

Handicraft is a labour-intensive sub-sector with high potential of employment for poor section of society in rural areas. It is economically important because of the low capital investment, high value addition and negotiable import content and high potential for export earnings. Skills development and knowledge are the driving forces of economic growth as well as social development for a nation. Traditionally, the artisans have been backbone of the Economy of the Indian rural society. It is fact that young people are the innovators, creators, leaders, and builders of the future. But they can transform the future only if they have innovative skills, health standard, decision-making, financial aid as well as real choices in life. Over the past few years, we have repeatedly placed excessive faith in India's demographic dividend. Some even take it too far, and predict how this will lead us to economic super dome. Current study mainly, focusing on skill development among handicraft artisans and its impact on employment generation especially in Manipur State. It throws the light on impact of government training centres on artisans, income of skilled artisans and unskilled artisans and younger generations concerns whether they are inclined towards handicraft sector or not. The sample artisans are taken from the two districts of Manipur.

Study on Universal Health Coverage Scheme in India – The Stumper to Private Hospitals

Background Many governments have introduced health insurance schemes for the poor sections of society to save them from catastrophic health expenditure. Private hospitals play a key role in India, as they are in significant number in secondary and tertiary care services. Private hospitals have to fund their infrastructure, staff salaries from the revenue of previous year. In this study, we compared money received by a private medical college hospital bed through government insurance scheme patient and private paying patient. Methods Observational study, comparing money reimbursed for top ten procedures treated in private medical college hospitals by Ayushman Bharat (AB) fund and the price offered by a paying patient in similar bed. Results On average 600 patients received medical care through the AB scheme per month at our tertiary care super-specialty hospital. Highest numbers were seen in specialties like cardiovascular, and cancer treatments and infectious diseases under general medicine specialty. The costs considered were surgeon’s cost, medicines, devices, and hospitalization costs. The laparoscopic procedures were incurring a loss of 130%, knee replacements about 50%, coronary bypass grafting thankfully due to controlling of prices by central government is incurring a loss of 10%. The package amount offered accounts to 26–52% only of the costs incurred by the private hospitals. Conclusion The private academic hospitals need 25% to 50% more than current prices offered, across various procedures.

5 - Recalibrating the labyrinths of migration and health in West Africa

The discourses and practices surrounding migration and health have taken a dramatic turn since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Experts are more concerned about the consequences of the pandemic on these factors in Africa, given the continent’s weak economies and poor health sector, which portends a difficult post-pandemic recovery. However, the discussions have not engaged with two key effects of the coronavirus: the health implications not only on the general populace but also along border towns, and the dilemma of a ‘new’ (il)legal migration. Drawing on Ghana’s border policing as a Covid-19 pandemic governance strategy, coupled with existing debates on health, politics, migration and development, we argue that border policing is likely to create two emerging threats. First, it could cause a ‘new’ health dilemma – hindering long-standing cross-border healthcare access by ECOWAS citizens. Second, sustained border restrictions could deepen the intricacies of migration in West Africa, including the promotion of ‘elite migrants’ over migrants who are seeking a basic livelihood, the changing fate of undocumented migrants, new security threats at border town , and a possible redefinition of traditional rural–urban migration in Africa.

Determinants of Food Security Status of Agricultural Households: An Empirical Investigation from Kuttanad Wetland System in Kerala, India

Recent debates highlight that agriculture-based strategies can enhance food security. Thus, this article examined the incidence and determinants of food security of agricultural households in Kuttanad, a wetland region situated in the southern part of the state of Kerala in India. Towards this objective, we have collected food consumption data from households and converted them into an equivalent amount of calorie intake. Further, we define food security in terms of calorie adequacy using the minimum calorie norm of 1,800 kcal suggested by the Food and Agricultural Organization for India. Our empirical results reveal that 37% of the sample households are food insecure. The incidence of food insecurity is higher among poor sections like labour households, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), and Scheduled Castes families. Results of Probit regression show that below poverty line and AAY families are less likely to be food secure than above poverty line families. The purchase of cereals from the Public Distribution System is found to have a positive impact on the food security status of the households. Both farm income and non-farm income positively influence the probability of food security. The study concludes that there are impediments to realizing the linkages between agriculture and food security. JEL Classification: Q10, Q18, I32, C25

Does energy transition reduce carbon inequality? A global analysis.

Energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables is instrumental in mitigating climate change. Low-income countries have a higher share of renewable energy in their total energy consumption than rich countries (WDI, 2023). Thus, it is imperative to examine the role of energy transition in affecting relative CO2 emissions between rich and poor sections of the societies across income groups of the countries. In this context, our study contributes by constructing the carbon inequality models with renewable and non-renewable energy consumption as prime explanatory variables separately for 114 countries over a data period 1990-2019. The models are estimated individually for high-middle-low-income countries by controlling for foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, and innovations. Starting with preliminary econometric operations, we employ the dynamic simulated panel autoregressive distributed lag approach and Driscoll-Kraay standard error regression for empirical investigation. We find that energy transition reduces carbon inequality globally. Innovation has a negative impact, economic growth has a positive impact on carbon inequality, and FDI has an asymmetric impact based on the income level of the countries. The crucial global policy implications are discussed.

О влиянии гормональной контрацепции на здоровье девушек-подростков.

The article presents an analysis of modern foreign scientific literature on the effect of hormonal contraception on the health of teenage girls; states the need to support expanded clinical research before implementing recommendations for the use of hormonal contraceptives among adolescents and to allocate funding for programs to promote, encourage, and distribute hormonal contraception among adolescents as the main means of preventing abortion. Given that WHO recognizes the lack of strong evidence of funding for programs promoting hormonal contraception promoted by international organizations, aimed primarily at the poor and marginalized sections of the population, in our country these programs should be considered unacceptable, and especially in general educational organizations. Today, more than ever, joint efforts are needed on the part of health authorities, education, family and society to promote preventive educational and health activities in order to inform adolescents about the risks of hormonal contraception on health, as well as to develop in young people a responsible attitude towards their health, starting a family and future motherhood.

Corruption in Formal Adult Education in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable National Development

This position paper took a cursory view of corruption, examined adult education, assessed corruption in formal adult education and highlighted the implications for sustainable national development in Nigeria. The paper concluded that concerted efforts must be put in place in order to curb the menace of corruption in adult education. Adult education is the poorest sector in education in terms of allocation of financial resources. Government allocates meagre financial resources annually to adult education organizations, yet corrupt financial practices are perpetrated by the operators of adult education institutions in Nigeria. There is equally the challenge of cheating in examination and examination malpractice. These have stifled the developmental needs of the country to be provided by adult education. It was suggested that the EFCC and ICPC should beam their searchlight on adult education sector of education with a view to recovering stolen funds arresting and prosecuting offenders of embezzlement and misappropriation of education funds; adult learners found guilty of corrupt practices should have their admission revoked; adult educators found guilty of the monetary extortion should be relieved of their jobs; and government should make it as a point of duty to allocate 3% of her education budget to adult education annually.

Hierarchical PVDF/ZnO/Ag/ZIF-8 nanofiber membrane used in trace-level Raman detection of H2S

surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of gases has always been difficult due to the low affinity and poor Raman cross section of the moving molecules. To mitigate the impact of these problems on detection of gases, a structure of zinc oxide/silver nanowires coated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZnO NWs/Ag/ZIF-8) was constructed on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membrane (PVDF/ZnO NWs/Ag/ZIF-8) and in detail researched in this work. Benefitting from the quadruple synergistic effect of efficient Knudsen diffusion of gas molecules inside ZIF-8, enrichment of ZIF-8 microsponges for gaseous molecules, regulation of ZIF-8 dielectric layer for light and reverse light scattering of ZnO NW/Ag tip, the structure was proven to have precise co-confinement on both hot spots and gaseous molecules. As a result, this PVDF/ZnO NWs/Ag/ZIF-8 achieved excellent detection for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with a limit of detection of 1 × 10−10 v/v and the minimum relative standard deviation value of ca. 7.13 %. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, in practical application, we designed and assembled our substrate (3.5 cm × 3.5 cm) into a SERS face mask and realized efficient monitoring of H2S in human’s exhaled breath.

Blighted properties:

A blighted property is a property that has deteriorated, is vacant, has been abandoned, or has been foreclosed. This occurs when property depreciates over time due to neglect or damage. The study examines the factors contributing to vacancy and unutilised state-owned properties under the custodianship of the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure (DPWI). Most of the Department's properties are older than 100 years. Some of the vacant and underutilised properties are susceptible to theft, vandalism, vagrancy, and illegal occupation. Furthermore, maintenance on these properties has been lacking. The cost to the State of maintaining vacant buildings without any return on investment, continuous municipal payments, and security for safekeeping necessitates a discussion of strategies to address this problem. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 105 DPWI employees responsible for managing vacant properties and ensuring their welfare. The relative importance of the contributing factors was quantified by the relative importance index method. According to the findings, external factors like poor public sector planning and policy are the most significant factors influencing vacancy in State-owned properties. In addition to that, there are challenges related to regulation, framework, and policy under the management of assets, as well as internal issues indicating weak procurement.

The Biodiversity, Food Security, and Poverty Nexus in the Musina-Makhado Special Economic Zone of South Africa

Wild-sourced foods are entrenched among African women as a survival resource, with the potential to be expanded. Instead of optimising food security, current linear economic growth models in South Africa favour large environment-degrading projects, such as special economic zones and mining, that increase the gap between the wealthy and poor sectors of society. The contentious Chinese-funded Musina–Makhado Special Economic Zone (MMSEZ) planned for the Limpopo province of South Africa is used as a case study in this paper. The MMSEZ case demonstrates the failure of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to consider alternative land use suited to a biodiverse economy and existing livelihood strategies. Notably, the availability of a popular edible insect, the mopane worm, was not surveyed at a time when it might have been visible. Despite a local and global interest in insect protein, this opportunity was not considered as a means to improve food security and income streams for local unemployed African women.

Exploring how non-clinical factors in childbirth care shape users’ experiences in public health facilities in rural Chiapas, Mexico: a qualitative study using the WHO health systems responsiveness framework

IntroductionMany Mexicans face barriers to receive delivery care from qualified professionals, especially indigenous and poor sectors of the population, which represent most of the population in the state of Chiapas. When access to institutional delivery care is an option, experiences with childbirth care are often poor. This underscores the need for evidence to improve the quality of services from the user’s perspective. The present study was conceived with the objective of understanding how non-clinical aspects of care shape women’s birthing experiences in public health institutions in Chiapas.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study. Data collection consisted in 20 semi-structured interviews to women who had delivered in a public health facility in Chiapas during the last six months prior to the interview. For the design of the interview guide we used the WHO health system responsiveness framework, which focus on the performance of the health system in terms of the extent to which it delivers services according to the “universally legitimate expectations of individuals” and focuses on the non-financial and non-clinical qualities of care. The resulting data were analyzed using thematic analysis methodology.ResultsWe identified a total of 16 themes from the data, framed in eight categories which followed the eight domains of the WHO health systems responsiveness framework: Choice of the provider and the facility, prompt attention, quality of basic amenities, access to social support, respectful treatment, privacy, involvement in decisions, and communication. We shed light on the barriers women face in receiving prompt care, aspects of health facilities that impact women’s comfort, the relevance of being provided with adequate food and drink during institutional delivery, how accompaniment contributes positively to the birthing experience, the aspects of childbirth that women find important to decide on, and how providers’ interpersonal behaviors affect the birthing experience.ConclusionsWe have identified non-clinical aspects of childbirth care that are important to the user experience and that are not being satisfactorily addressed by public health institutions in Chiapas. This evidence constitutes a necessary first step towards the design of strategies to improve the responsiveness of the Chiapas health system in childbirth care.

Analysis of false reasons based on the artificial intelligence RRCART model to identify frozen sections of lymph nodes in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. Intraoperative frozen section of sentinel lymph nodes is an important basis for determining whether axillary lymph node dissection is required for breast cancer surgery. We propose an RRCART model based on a deep-learning network to identify metastases in 2362 frozen sections and count the wrongly identified sections and the associated reasons. The purpose is to summarize the factors that affect the accuracy of the artificial intelligence model and propose corresponding solutions. We took the pathological diagnosis of senior pathologists as the gold standard and identified errors. The pathologists and artificial intelligence engineers jointly read the images and heatmaps to determine the locations of the identified errors on sections, and the pathologists found the reasons (false reasons) for the errors. Through NVivo 12 Plus, qualitative analysis of word frequency analysis and nodal analysis was performed on the error reasons, and the top-down error reason framework of "artificial intelligence RRCART model to identify frozen sections of breast cancer lymph nodes" was constructed based on the importance of false reasons. There were 101 incorrectly identified sections in 2362 slides, including 42 false negatives and 59 false positives. Through NVivo 12 Plus software, the error causes were node-coded, and finally, 2 parent nodes (high-frequency error, low-frequency error) and 5 child nodes (section quality, normal lymph node structure, secondary reaction of lymph nodes, micrometastasis, and special growth pattern of tumor) were obtained; among them, the error of highest frequency was that caused by normal lymph node structure, with a total of 45 cases (44.55%), followed by micrometastasis, which occurred in 30 cases (29.70%). The causes of identification errors in examination of sentinel lymph node frozen sections by artificial intelligence are, in descending order of influence, normal lymph node structure, micrometastases, section quality, special tumor growth patterns and secondary lymph node reactions. In this study, by constructing an artificial intelligence model to identify the error causes of frozen sections of lymph nodes in breast cancer and by analyzing the model in detail, we found that poor quality of slices was the preproblem of many identification errors, which can lead to other errors, such as unclear recognition of lymph node structure by computer. Therefore, we believe that the process of artificial intelligence pathological diagnosis should be optimized, and the quality control of the pathological sections included in the artificial intelligence reading should be carried out first to exclude the influence of poor section quality on the computer model. For cases of micrometastasis, we suggest that by differentiating slices into high- and low-confidence groups, low-confidence micrometastatic slices can be separated for manual identification. The normal lymph node structure can be improved by adding samples and training the model in a targeted manner.