Poor Persons Research Articles

Fischer v Unlawful Occupiers: could the court have interpreted the ‘may’ in section 9(3)(a) of the Housing Act as a ‘must’ under the circumstances of the case?

In 2017, in the case of Fischer v Unlawful Occupiers, the High Court of South Africa, Western Cape Division, was faced with a legal conundrum. Before it was an application for the eviction of 60 000 desperately poor persons from a number of privately owned properties. Due to the size of the unlawful occupation, the landowners sought an order that the municipality purchase or, alternatively, expropriate their properties. Such expropriation is allowed by s 9(3)(a) of the Housing Act, which provides that a municipality ‘may’ expropriate land for housing purposes. This article considers whether the court, in Fischer, could have interpreted the ‘may’ in s 9(3)(a) as a ‘must’. This would have enabled it to order the municipality to exercise its powers in terms of s 9(3)(a) to attempt to secure purchase of the land and failing which to expropriate.

Just End Poverty Now: The Case for a Global Minimum Income

Abstract Global GDP is more than 100 trillion dollars, yet 10 % of the world’s population still live in extreme poverty on less than $1.90 per day. No one should have to live like that: alleviating poverty is a minimal moral obligation implied by nearly every secular and religious moral system. Unfortunately, neither economic growth nor conventional international aid can be relied upon to fulfil this obligation. A global basic income programme that transferred $1 per day from the rich world to each poor person would eliminate extreme poverty directly and at negligible cost. It is the least we should do.

Low hanging fruit

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings As the old saying goes, “before you judge a man, walk a mile in his shoes.” The meaning in clear – look at a problem from someone else’s perspective before you go blaming them – and there are fewer more apt scenarios then when a major project starts to go haywire. Immediately people go on the lookout for a scapegoat, and invariably it is the poor person who kickstarted the whole thing. Questions will be asked – why did they do this, why didn’t they do that, who hired that contractor to do the work – and before you know it the project has its sacrificial lamb before moving one. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Historical perspective: earlier ensembles and forecasting forecast skill

AbstractThe history of ensemble forecasting is briefly reviewed, including the pioneering approaches of stochastic dynamical forecasting (Epstein, 1969, Tellus, 21, 739–759), Monte‐Carlo forecasting (Leith, 1974b, Monthly Weather Review, 102, 409–418), Lagged Average Forecasting (Hoffman and Kalnay, 1983, Tellus, 35A, 100–118) and Scaled LAF (Ebisuzaki and Kalnay, 1991, pp. 6.31–6.32), as well as early predictions of forecast skill (McCalla and Kalnay, 1988, pp. 634–640; Palmer and Tibaldi, 1988, Monthly Weather Review, 116, 2453–2480; Kalnay and Ham, 1989, pp. 24–27; Molteni and Palmer, 1990, Monthly Weather Review, 119, 1088–1097), and their operational results (Wobus and Kalnay, 1995, Monthly Weather Review, 123, 2132–2148). Ensembles of multiple models (aka Poor person Ensemble Prediction Systems or PEPS) are generally quite successful compared to stochastically perturbed ensembles probably because the centers that created them each try to be one of the best, if not the best, so their uncertainties in the models and the analyses are more realistic than just stochastic perturbations.

Mapping Trans-Domesticity in Jordan’s <em>Breakfast on Pluto</em>

Mapping Trans-Domesticity in Jordan’s <em>Breakfast on Pluto</em>

The Effects of Immigration Enforcement on Faith-Based Organizations: An Analysis of the FEER Survey

Executive Summary The effects of US immigration enforcement policies on immigrants, US families, and communities have been well documented. Less attention, however, has been paid to their impact on faith-based organizations (FBOs). Faith communities provide a spiritual home, and extensive legal, resettlement, social, health, and educational services, for refugees and immigrants. This report presents the findings of the FEER (Federal Enforcement Effect Research) Survey, which explored the effects of US immigration enforcement policies on immigrant-serving Catholic institutions.1 Many of these institutions arose in response to the needs of previous generations of immigrants and their children (Kerwin and George 2014, 14, 74–75). Most strongly identify with immigrants and have long served as crucial intermediaries between immigrant communities and the broader society (Campos 2014, 149–51).2 During its first two years, the Trump administration has consistently characterized immigrants as criminals, security risks, and an economic burden. Among its policy initiatives, the administration has supported major cuts in family-based immigration, attempted to terminate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, reduced refugee admissions to historic lows, instituted admission bars on Muslim-majority countries, attempted to strip Temporary Protection Status (TPS) from all but a fraction of its beneficiaries, erected major new barriers to asylum, and proposed new rules regarding the public charge grounds of inadmissibility that would make it more difficult for poor and working-class persons to obtain permanent residence. US immigration enforcement policies have separated children from their parents, criminally prosecuted asylum seekers, expanded detention, increased arrests of noncitizens without criminal records, and militarized the US–Mexico border. These policies have failed to stem the flow of migrants and asylum seekers: instead, these flows have increased dramatically in recent months. These policies have succeeded, however, in devastating children, instilling fear in immigrant communities, blocking access to the US asylum system, and undermining immigrant integration (Kerwin 2018).3 The Federal Enforcement Effect Research (FEER) Survey points to a paradox. On one hand, US enforcement policies have increased the demand for services such as legal screening, representation, naturalization, assistance to unaccompanied minors, and support to the US families of detainees and deportees. Many Catholic institutions have expanded their services to accommodate the increased demand for their services. On the other hand, their work with immigrants has been impeded by federal immigration policies that effectively prevent immigrants from driving, attending gatherings, applying for benefits, and accessing services due to fear that these activities might lead to their deportation or the deportation of a family member. Among other top-line findings, 59 percent of 133 FEER respondents reported that “fear of apprehension or deportation” negatively affected immigrants’ access to their services, and 57 percent of 127 respondents reported that immigrant enforcement very negatively or negatively affected the participation of immigrants in their programs and ministries.

A low cost solar powered vehicle – a boon for physically challenged persons

This paper presents a low cost solar powered vehicle for physically challenged persons. Generally, the persons with physical disabilities restrict their movement within a house or building due to their dependence on other people for their outdoor work. The disabled people use their limbs to drive the wheelchairs which physically stress them. There are electrical wheelchairs which are operated by hands, by mouth or any other functioning body part. The high cost and its limitation for outdoor environment restrict its usage for rich people and hospitals. This often makes the poor disabled person to be unemployed and depend on others for their daily life. In this regard, developing a low cost self-driven electric wheel chair can improve the life of the person. This paper presents a low cost vehicle for physically challenged people that can be used as a mobile shop to sell products at any place independently. The self-driven vehicle motivates the persons to become an entrepreneur. A cost effective and user friendly prototype has been developed for the benefit the poor disabled people and the cost analysis is presented. The purpose of developing the vehicle is satisfied as they no longer depend on others for their living. Implications for rehabilitationThe movement of physically challenged persons is often restricted within a building due to their dependence on other people for their outdoor work.The high cost of the assist vehicles and the difficulty encountered in using the vehicles in outdoor environment decreases their standard of living.The developed low cost vehicle can be used by physically challenged people as a mobile shop to sell products at any place independently.The self-driven vehicle motivates the physically challenged persons to become an entrepreneur.

The depiction of Poverty in Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s Pather Panchali: An Analytical Study

In developing nations poverty is seen not only affecting the personal but also social life of an individual, because of which he remains deprived of all the amenities that he wants to enjoy. Poor and poverty goes hand in hand. Though both are different where poor means a poor person or family whereas poverty affects the whole community. Due to lack of fundamental government policies the developing countries are facing such crisis. This paper explores Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s major character and their struggle for upgrading their life.

Processing technologies for undervalued grains in rural India: on target to help the poor?

Finger millet (ragi) is increasingly recognized as a nutritious staple by Indian consumers and policy makers. Though previously regarded as a poor person’s crop, the benefits of enhanced ragi consumption may bypass the poor. Because home processing is arduous, small flour mills have been introduced to help. With geo-referenced survey data from a pilot area in the Kolli Hills region of Tamil Nadu, India, we examined determinants of mill use and use intensity employing a two stage multinomial selection model. Overall, we found that the mill technology was not pro-poor, in that poor people do not tend to use the mills more than wealthier people, or use them at higher rates. We identified the location of mills as being a key factor in preventing more use of mills by the poor. Therefore, to better serve the poor, external agencies would have to deliberately locate mills in poor communities. For this to be feasible, changes to make this technology work better with poor communities may be required, such as the use of less capital intensive technology such as hand- or pedal-power, rather than reliance on electrical power.

Amantadine Use for Postconcussion Syndrome

The development of postconcussion syndrome after traumatic brain injury can result in a wide range of potentially debilitating symptoms that includes headaches, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disorders. Unfortunately, data on helpful medications are quite limited, particularly on the treatment of persistent headaches attributed to trauma. This retrospective medical record review used data collected from patients with a diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome in Mayo Clinic's Neurology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinics to evaluate the response of postconcussive symptoms to amantadine. A complete trial of amantadine was defined as 100 mg twice per day for 2 months. Thirty-three patients were prescribed amantadine for postconcussive syndrome after traumatic brain injury. One-third of patients discontinued the medication because of adverse effects. However, posttraumatic headaches were improved in 80% of patients who completed a full trial of amantadine. Surprisingly, patients had improvement in headaches even if the medication was prescribed years after the initial trauma. Little improvement was noted in other symptoms such as poor memory, dizziness, and personality changes. Although additional research is certainly needed, amantadine may be a reasonable medication to consider for the treatment of persistent headaches attributed to trauma, even if the initial injury is remote.

Media, including the verse "and those who support him ransom poor food" Of copies and provisions Of the mark Ibrahim bin Hassan al-Kurani deceased (1101 e) study and investigation and comment

Throughout the history of Islam, there were many great scholars who spend their valuable times on the studying of the Holy Quran. One of these scholars was Sheikh Ibrahim Hassan al-Gorani who wrote many precious books. One of them is this summary in the interpretation of the Holy Quran, Chapter 2 Al-Baqara, verse 184, as Allah says: (And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day].). He explained the different styles of reading in this verse with explanation of the statements of Commentators and their opinions, and also he wrote valuable notes on their works and explained and selected the most correct interpretations with a sober scientific method. He named it as: “The Proclamation, including the words of Allah: ‘And upon those who are able a ransom of feeding a poor person’ in abrogation and Provisions”. Based on scientific approach in studying the manuscripts, we have studied this work to preserve the Islamic heritage and revived what could be revived. Moreover, the life of the author has also been studied in the introduction and we have added our comments on this in the conclusion.

Factors influencing the use of public and private health care facilities among poor older people in rural Ghana

The choice of a particular health care facility is premised on certain factors which remain largely unknown in rural settings in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to explore issues influencing public and private health care facilities use among poor older people in rural Ghana. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 30 poor older persons, 15 caregivers, and 15 formal health care providers in the Atwima Nwabiagya District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A thematic analytical framework was used to analyze the data, which was then presented based on an a posteriori inductive reduction approach. Three key public health care facility use factors were identified: health insurance acceptance, perceived service affordability, and availability of well-trained professionals. For private health care facilities, five main use factors were found: distance and proximity, good interpersonal relationships, good quality health services, service responsiveness, and logistics availability. The findings of this study have implications for addressing attitudinal problems existing mainly in public health care facilities in Ghana. It also calls for policy intervention toward equitable access to public and private health facilities, especially for poor older persons.

Criminalising homelessness and survival strategies through municipal by-laws: colonial legacy and constitutionality

The by-laws of South African municipalities are full of provisions criminalising the poor. For example, begging and sleeping in the open is prohibited in many cities. Hawking goods or providing services is restricted. Many of these by-laws are rarely enforced while others are enforced to provide a sense of security among the privileged by removing undesirable persons from the streets. Action against the poor is often presented as being taken in their interest; the homeless should live in shelters, beggars should find employment. But it is through the action against them that many lose their livelihood and what little they own. Clearly more could be done to assist the vulnerable. However, criminalisation is not a solution. The paper traces the colonial history of vagrancy laws and their relationship to by-laws criminalising outside living and survival strategies of poor persons in the four largest metropolitan areas in South Africa: Johannesburg, Tshwane (Pretoria), eThekwini (Durban) and Cape Town. It shows how vagrancy legislation and related by-laws have been, and are being, used for social control of the poor, who have throughout history been viewed as a threat to the elite. The article further explores the constitutionality of anti-poor by-laws and the prospects of a constitutional challenge before the courts.

Influence of Personality Trait of Teachers Teaching Technical Drawing in Technical Colleges in Edo and Delta States

This study examines the influence of personality trait of teachers teaching technical drawing in technical colleges in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. The study employed survey research design, which made use of a structured questionnaire for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using mean of 2.50 to analyze the research questions and standard deviation was used to indicate how close the response of the respondent on the research questions are and t-test was used to test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study showed that teachers were not very effective, most of them have poor personality traits.

Just End Poverty Now: The Case for a Global Minimum Income

Global GDP is more than 100 trillion dollars, yet 10% of the world’s population still live in extreme poverty on less than $1.90 per day. No one should have to live like that: alleviating poverty is a minimal moral obligation implied by nearly every secular and religious moral system. Unfortunately, neither economic growth nor conventional international aid can be relied upon to fulfil this obligation. A global basic income programme that transferred $1 per day from the rich world to each poor person would eliminate extreme poverty directly and at negligible cost. It is the least we should do.

Organizaciones solidarias de desarrollo como aporte al cierre de brechas sociales

Este artículo tiene como fin identificar de qué manera las fundaciones en Colombia, logran contribuir al cierre de brechas sociales y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los beneficiarios y de aquellos proyectos implementados por estas instituciones. El trabajo de campo se realizó a través de la aplicación de una entrevista ala Trabajadora Social de la Fundación Salvemos a Cristian. De la cual se obtuvieron como resultados el conocimiento de aquellos esfuerzos que a diario hace la Fundación para ayudar a niños y adolescentes de cuatro hasta dieciocho años, que se encuentren en condición de vulnerabilidad; esta labor es realizada sin ningún costo y con el fin de que los beneficiados puedan tener mejores oportunidades para su futuro, mediante ayuda efectiva para que superar traumas o dificultades ocasionadas durante la temprana etapa de sus vidas; también les aportan ayuda sicológica para el cambio de mentalidad para que dejen de pensar que un pobre siempre va a ser pobre o que la única opción para subsistir es dedicarse a la delincuencia. La obra de la Fundación se ha desarrollado desde hace más de quince años en los que han logrado ampliar la cobertura mediante la creación, de nuevos proyectos para brindar mayores beneficios y bienestar, no solo al beneficiario sino también a toda su familia.

Renewable energy generating employment specially in Indian agriculture

The present review explains that renewable energy generates opportunity in field of agriculture. The renewable energy is solar energy, wind energy, water energy and biogas energy. This energy generates employment of manufacturing, design, construction, installation, operation, maintainance, supply chain, multitasking, research, development and administration. The solar industry employs 21,000 people in 2016-17 and 25,000 people in 2017-18. The solar manufacturing industries and solar products will produce various opportunities by 2022 in India. The wind energy provides 4,40,000 employments into onshore and offshore grid system in 2008. The wind mill industry will create 74,000 employments by 2020 in India. The water energy provides employment into hydro electric power station, manufacturing industry and others area. Biogas energy utilizes into motor vehicle as fuel. It saves petrol worth about 0.66 million per annum and also generate employment for 12 persons. The Biogas industry will set up 19 districts of the Maharashtra state to employment generation by 2020. Renewable energy protects the earth planet. It provides employment to rural as well as urban areas. It will improve standard of living and per capita income of people. It will introduce employment to poor and literate persons. It would advocate gender uniformity and doubling of farmer income. It will improve and strengthens Gross Domestic Product and Agriculture shares in India. This energy would encourage huge transition into future era in India.

KOOS-JR Demonstrates Psychometric Limitations in Measuring Knee Health in Individuals After ACL Reconstruction.

Measurement properties of the short form of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-JR) are not established in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the KOOS-JR measures the construct of knee health in individuals post-ACLR using Rasch analysis. The KOOS-JR will fit the Rasch model, but significant ceiling effects will be present. Cross-sectional study. Level 3. Rasch analysis of the KOOS-JR from 166 individuals 10 months post-ACLR was conducted. Unidimensionality, a key criterion of the Rasch model, was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit of the rating scale, items, and persons were evaluated. Mean square fit statistics ≥1.6 and standardized z-scores ≥2.0 were indicative of person or item misfit. Additionally, reliability indicators including person reliability and separation indices were examined. The KOOS-JR fit the criteria of unidimensionality. All items demonstrated model fit; however, ceiling effects were noted (n = 36; 22%). Person reliability was low (0.47). Calculation of person strata revealed that the KOOS-JR did not separate participants into more than 1 stratum. The mean person measure was 3.56 logits higher than the mean item measure, indicating that this sample is skewed toward increased knee health. Although the KOOS-JR represented a unidimensional construct with items and persons fitting the Rasch model, several limitations were noted: ceiling effects, low person reliability, and poor person differentiation. Ceiling effects indicate that many individuals in this sample experienced better knee health than the KOOS-JR items were able to measure. Evaluating the measurement properties of the KOOS-JR is necessary to determine its clinical value in sports medicine. In later stages after ACLR recovery, administration of the KOOS-JR may not be adequate.

Selected socio-economic factors of health literacy of the poor

Abstract Our article is focused on selected socio-economic aspects of health literacy of poor persons in the South Bohemian Region. In addition to determining the level of health literacy, we test its relationship to income and education level and examine how difficult it is for the target group to pay for medicines and visit a physician if needed. We also focus on the causes of such difficulties. The research was conducted in 2016 on a sample of 254 persons entitled to state material poverty benefits in the South Bohemian Region. A structured interview was used, including the administration of the short form of the standardized Health Literacy questionnaire, with several additional questions on the respondents’ socio-economic situation. The data were statistically processed using SPSS. The results showed the respondents had an insufficient level of health literacy, and that a high proportion had difficulty paying for medicines and visiting their physician when required. Health literacy is not related to income but to education level.

Nurse Advocacy: Adopting a Health in All Policies Approach

Policy advocacy and committed resources are essential to address social factors that shape population health. In this article, we discuss nurse advocacy to advance public health and health equity through targeted social determinants, particularly on behalf of poor and disadvantaged persons. We discuss components of the right social policies and consider evidence-based policies that have linked improvements in social and economic conditions with increased physical, emotional, and mental health outcomes among poor and disadvantaged social groups. With a partnership perspective, select social determinants of health (SDOH) and mitigating policies focus nurses' social policy advocacy to improve the health of disadvantaged populations and reduce health inequities. We suggest nurses engage in multisectoral partnerships and adopt a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach to address social and health needs of concern. The conclusion offers resources and strategies to promote nurse engagement in health policy.