Poor Market Research Articles

Optimizing Village Economy Through Improved BUMDes Management in Indonesia

This study examines the management of BUMDes Sedayu Prima Makmur in Kludan Village, Sidoarjo, identifying issues that hinder significant progress. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis revealed that while goal-setting and procedures are well-implemented, poor marketing limits product visibility. Organizational challenges include a lack of management members and insufficient village government knowledge about BUMDes. Despite good guidance and coordination, supervision is weak due to the absence of annual reports and limited village government involvement. The study highlights areas for improvement to enhance BUMDes performance and support village economic development. Highlight: Effective planning is hindered by poor marketing of existing programs. Organizational structure suffers from insufficient management members. Supervision lacks due to absence of annual reports and limited involvement. Keywoard: BUMDes, village economy, management, marketing, organizational challenges

Infant placements in foster care and labor market attachment: A national cohort study

Infant placement in foster care is a critical intervention, yet its long-term outcomes are largely unknown. This study examines the association between infant placement and poor labor market attachment into early midlife. Using longitudinal data from over 620,000 Swedes born 1975–1981, including 0.2% placed in care during infancy, outcomes are compared with the general population and those placed at older ages. Results from sex-stratified hurdle regression models show that infants in care face higher risks of experiencing any year with poor labor market status compared to the general population, though with lower risks than older care groups. Among those with any occurrence, the infant group exhibits higher rates of years with poor labor market status compared to the general population. Women in the infant group had significantly lower rates than those placed at older ages, while men in the infant group had higher rates than other young care groups. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses are differently associated with labour market attachment and registered income until midlife: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Both the symptoms and diagnoses of mental health disorders affect individuals' occupational status and income. However, studies that compare the impact of differences between symptoms and diagnoses on occupational outcomes are lacking. This study aimed to compare labour market attachment and income until midlife between individuals with different histories of mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses. Utilizing the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with linkages to national registers and self-reported mental disorder symptoms at the age of 31, we compared labour market attachment and income until midlife among individuals with neither mental disorder symptoms nor a diagnosis (reference group), symptomatic undiagnosed mental disorder, asymptomatic diagnosed mental disorder, and with symptomatic diagnosed mental disorder by using cross-tabulations and regression analyses. We stratified our analysis by sex. Compared to the reference group, males but not females with symptomatic undiagnosed mental disorder had an increased risk for poor labour market attachment, with Odds Ratios (95% Confidence intervals) 2.26 [1.41, 3.63] and 0.87 [0.63, 1.19], respectively. The analogous risk was heightened for both males and females with asymptomatic diagnosed mental disorders or symptomatic diagnosed mental disorders. Regarding income, having mental disorder symptoms, a diagnosis, or both was associated with lower earnings irrespective of sex. Mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses are differently associated with labour market attachment and income. Our findings suggest that interventions should be offered not only based on diagnoses but also based on symptoms as they may serve as predictors of future challenges related to work careers.

Default Prediction for Wholesale and Retail Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Using Loan Transaction and Market Evaluation Data

ABSTRACT Irregular loan transaction behaviors and poor market situation indicate potential risk for wholesale and retail small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in loan use and operation, but the value of these risk information is rarely explored and utilized. This paper innovatively proposed to mine such information to solve the difficulty of default prediction for wholesale and retail SMEs and enrich the credit risk research of special groups. The experimental results showed that tracking loan transaction and market evaluation data can improve the accuracy and recall of the models by an average of 1.38% and 7.66%, respectively, and identify default samples 233.22 days in advance on average, which can provide a new perspective for financial institutions to predict the default risk.

Effects of Fish Waste Management Practice on Environmental Pollution in Tanzania: A Case Study of Kivukoni Ferry Fish Market

Globally, waste arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted are broadly defined as solid waste. It includes municipal garbage, industrial and commercial wastes, sewerage slug, waste of agricultural and animal husbandry, demolition waste and mining residues. The study aimed to identify strategies deployed by the management at Kivukoni Ferry Fish market. The study adopted case study research design with mixed approaches. The study used purposive and probability sampling techniques. The study used Slovenes formulae to obtain sample size of 160 respondents from target population of 213 respondents. The study used questionnaire and interview to obtain data needed. The study findings indicates that 77.1% of respondents agreed that management of Kivukoni Ferry fish market provide clean water for fish processing and fish waste collection bins. The study concluded that, Kivukoni fish market provide clean water for fish processing, also inadequate provision tools for fish waste collection and poor logistics for fish waste transportation from Kivukoni Ferry fish market to Pugu damp. In additional to that, poor market infrastructure led the market to produce odor smell, immediately in hot weather condition, this situation threaten the environment and the safety of workers and community at large. The study recommended that, Kivukoni Ferry fish market management should establish designated waste collection points within the market to streamline the disposal process and should develop a reliable logistics system for the timely transportation of fish waste from the market to Pugu dump.

The Moderating Role of Supply Chain Agility on the Relationship Between Strategic Flexibility and Organizational Market Performance in Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry is key to the survival of the human race, but equally becoming increasingly susceptible to global disruptions. In Nigeria, records have shown that the industry is plagued with several problems, inclusive of low employee productivity, poor market share, low innovation performance, poor and marginal sales growth and low profitability, which are likely a result of a lack of strategic flexibility in the face of increasing environment turbulence and intense competition. Despite efforts from researchers, the moderating role of supply chain agility has been largely overlooked in the literature. Therefore, this study examines the moderating role of supply chain agility on the relationship between strategic flexibility (resource flexibility, coordination flexibility, proactive flexibility, reactive flexibility and futurity) and organisational performance. A survey research design was used to collect data from 642 management and senior staff employees of six pharmaceutical companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. A total enumeration method was adopted for the study, with a well-structured adapted questionnaire, having Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients ranging from 0.725 to 0.945. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was chosen to achieve the research goal. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that strategic flexibility positively affects organizational performance (β = -0.093, p> 0.050, Q2 = 0.644). However, supply chain agility negatively moderates this effect, indicating that while agility is beneficial independently, it can counteract the positive impact of strategic flexibility when combined. The study recommended that the management of pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria should pay serious attention to strategic flexibility as an organizational capability that can enhance performance in the face of increasing uncertainties in and unpredictability nature of the business environment.

Multidimensional human wellbeing in periodic octopus closures in Zanzibar

ABSTRACT Our study of periodic octopus closures helps to fill an empirical gap in community-based marine protected area (MPA) research on socially-diverse multidimensional wellbeing impacts. Human wellbeing provides a more meaningful and holistic measure of social impacts than previous economic measures while recognising equity- evidence that ultimately ensures support and enables long-term success in conservation. We trace the flow of benefits, costs and burdens from closures at three sites in Zanzibar and explore how different types of fishers and traders perceive impacts. This is done at a personal, livelihood group and village or community level, as well as in terms of ecosystem effects. Storytelling, photo-elicitation tasks and focused discussions prioritized participants’ emic descriptions and understandings of closures. We iteratively, qualitatively coded data using a three-dimensional (material, relational and subjective) social wellbeing approach. Despite different conditions and histories at the three sites, participants identified similar wellbeing attributes as affected by the closure. Themes included social conflict, non-compliance, income, education, food/nutrition, and communal benefits reflecting recent literature on MPAs and human wellbeing. Perceptions of inequity cross cut all three dimensions and gender was a strong dimension that emphasized procedural and distributional inequity between different types of livelihood groups e.g. small-scale traderwomen and male skindivers. Material wellbeing losses due to poor market environments highlighted how better alignment is needed between periodic closure activities and resulting value chain dynamics. Opening events intensely impacted wellbeing across all dimensions, suggesting that these moments are critical for creating positive perceptions or losing support for closures.

ASSESSING YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE IN YOLA-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE

The study examined youth involvement in agriculture in Yola-North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 230 farmers using a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the most (52.61%) of respondents were male, with an average age of 21 years. Most respondents (55.22%) were single with an average household size of 4 persons. Educationally, 2.61% had primary education, 7.39% had secondary education, 52.61% had diploma, and 37.39% had HND/Degree, indicating that all the respondents were educated. Additionally, most respondents earned between N40,000 and N200,000 annually. Factors influencing youth participation in agriculture revealed that age and sex were positive and significant at 1% level (P<0.01), while educational level was negative but significant at 10% level (P<0.1). Constraints identified included lack of government assistance, insufficient capital, poor road access, inadequate feed supply, poor extension services, and poor marketing prices. Sex (male) and age were positively associated with youth participation in agriculture, whereas the lack of government support was a significant barrier preventing youth from engaging in agricultural activities. The study recommends that inputs such as agrochemicals and credit should be made available on time and at subsidized rates by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to make agriculture more appealing to youths. Furthermore, the government or relevant institutions should strictly monitor and supervise any development or empowerment initiatives to prevent mismanagement by involved dignitaries.

Rhizobia inoculation’s impact on the biomass and moisture content of leguminous Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc)

Bambara groundnut (BG) (Vigna subterranean L. verdc) is a highly nutritious underutilized leguminous crop of African origin with high economic importance. Its production rate (300,000 metric tonnes/year) does not meet the current demand (800,000 metric tonnes/year). Despite it’s useful properties, it has remained neglected, with poor market and low yields because research about improving BG has been neglected. rhizobia have proved to be useful in promoting the growth of legumes, yet, there is unavailable information about the role of indigenous BG-symbiont rhizobia inoculant (which are better affordable alternatives to chemical fertilizers) for increasing BG yield and this needs to be explored, hence this study. This experiment studied the role six rhizobial strains in improving the biomass and plant vigour of two selected varieties of BG (TVSU 1248, TVSU 631).These strains were applied as inoculant (at concentrations of > 0.85 × 1010 cfu/ml) on field compared alongside commercial USDA110 strains and Urea (rates of 60 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha) treated plants and analysed for biomass of shoot, root, shaft and seed, and moisture etc. Rhizobia significantly influenced the shoot biomass (≥ 19.26 g), (79.81 ± 1.81 g and 63.15 ± 3.21 g), root biomass (≥ 0.63 g), pod biomass (≥ 155.3 g), seed biomass (≥ 103.96 g), shaff biomass (≥ 52.29 g) and moisture content of the plants, with differences in varietal response. Indigenous BG-symbiotic strains are able to significantly influence plant vigour and biomass, promoting the growth and health of BG. Rhizobia, proved to be useful for enhancing the plant biomass, vigour and growth and should be recommended for improving the production of BG for higher yield and productivity.

The Impact of Employee Stock Ownership Plans on Capital Structure Decisions: Evidence from China

The determination of the capital structure is a critical component of a company’s financial decision-making process. The question of how to optimize a firm’s capital structure to increase its value has been a significant topic of interest within the financial community. The employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) has developed rapidly in China’s capital market over the past decade, providing a suitable context for studying the impact of employee equity incentives on capital structure decisions. This paper employs cross-sectional ordinary least squares regression models and unbalanced panel fixed effect models to investigate the impact of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) on firms’ capital structure decisions. The analysis is conducted on a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The research considers both static capital structure choice and dynamic capital structure adjustment. We find that the implementation of an ESOP reduces the level of corporate debt and accelerates the dynamic adjustment of capital structure, suggesting that employee equity incentives play a role in optimizing firms’ capital structure decisions. We also find that the impact of ESOPs on the dynamic adjustment of capital structure is asymmetric. Specifically, the implementation of ESOPs markedly accelerates the downward adjustment of capital structure, yet has no impact on the upward adjustment of capital structure. Further analysis demonstrates that the impact of ESOPs on capital structure decisions is contingent upon the macroeconomic environment, industry characteristics, corporate governance, and ESOP contract designs. First, the optimization of ESOPs on capital structure decisions is more pronounced in an economic boom environment, in a poor market climate, or in competitive industries. Second, the reduction effect of ESOPs on corporate debt is more pronounced in non-state-owned companies, high-tech companies and those with lower ownership concentration. In contrast, the acceleration effect of ESOPs on capital structure adjustment is more pronounced in state-owned companies, non-high-tech companies and those with higher ownership concentration. Ultimately, ESOPs financed by loans from a firm’s major shareholders—or with a longer lock-up period, smaller shareholding size or executive subscription ratio—demonstrate a more pronounced optimization effect on capital structure decisions. This paper not only contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between equity incentives and capital structure decisions, but also provides guidance for listed companies on the reasonable design of their ESOPs and the optimization of their capital structure decisions.

ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND FACTORS LEADING TO DISCONTINUED UTILIZATION OF BIO-FORTIFIED MAIZE IN OYO AND ONDO STATES, NIGERIA

The study assessed the communication strategies and factors leading to the discontinued utilization of bio-fortified maize among selected value-chain actors in Oyo and Ondo States, Nigeria. Information was collected from 320 value chain actors on the sources of information on bio-fortified maize, factors affecting its utilization, and factors leading to its discontinued adoption. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, tables, means, and standard deviations, with hypothesis tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results revealed that 34.1% of respondents received information on yellow maize most frequently through extension agents, 33.0% often through friends/relatives, and 35.3% often through family members. Key factors affecting the utilization of yellow maize included the value chain actors’ experiences (mean = 1.70), market availability (mean = 1.66), and economic benefits (mean = 1.54). Additionally, 57.5% of respondents discontinued utilizing yellow maize due to low distribution of seeds by ADP extension agents, 51.9% due to exploitation by middlemen, and 51.0% due to poor market infrastructure. A significant relationship was found between factors affecting utilization and those leading to the discontinuation of yellow maize (r = 0.364, p ≤ 0.01). The study concluded that value chain actors have access to extension services and receive information on yellow maize through multiple sources, including extension agents, friends/relatives, newspapers, drama, and bulletins/handbills. However, challenges such as low seed distribution, middlemen exploitation, and poor market infrastructure persist. It is recommended that extension agents and other stakeholders address these factors to promote the sustained adoption and utilization of bio-fortified maize among value-chain actors.

Navigating the Mauritian Creative Landscape: Insights into Collective Management Organization of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights in Mauritius

A thorough analysis of collective management organisations (CMOs) in the unique sociocultural and economic context of Mauritius is presented in this article. By employing a comprehensive methodology that encompasses various case studies and qualitative research techniques like interviews and organisational document analysis, it provides significant understanding of the roles, challenges, and impacts of CMOs in directing and balancing creativity in the Mauritius setting. This study sheds light on the complexities and opportunities present in collective management within Mauritius’ dynamic creative sectors through an examination of operational processes, legislative frameworks, and the socio-economic contributions of CMOs. Minimal election attendance, numerous complaints and conflicts, poor enforcement of intellectual property rights, operational inefficiencies, minimal stakeholder involvement, and poor market dynamics are some of the particular challenges that CMOs in Mauritius confront. The modernisation of the legislative framework, the use of technological advancements, capacity building, income stream diversification, public awareness and advocacy campaigns, and the potential for African and regional unity are some of the special opportunities that CMOs have in Mauritius. This paper offers crucial insights for decision-makers, interested parties, and scholars who want to improve the sustainability and efficacy of collective management techniques, with the ultimate goal of promoting an atmosphere that encourages innovation, creativity, and the fair sharing of intellectual property rights in Mauritius.

How Does a Health Insurance Program Covering 500 Million Poor Impact Credit Market Outcomes?

I study the impact of the world’s largest publicly funded health insurance plan for the poor on credit markets. India launched a health insurance plan that covered 500 million beneficiaries. The fact that opposition-ruled states did not implement the program for political reasons allows me to compare border districts of implemented and nonimplemented states within a difference-in-differences framework. I find that loan delinquency reduced significantly in implemented districts. Increased liquidity for loan repayment seems to be the mechanism at work. I rule out the federal-level ruling party’s influence as an explanation. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01039 .

Financial Analysis of Tal Education group Based on Harvard Analytical Framework

With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of residents' living standards, people pay more and more attention to youth education. Among them, educational institutions represented by New Oriental and TAL have become well-known enterprises in the field of education and training in China. The huge market potential and rich market profits have attracted the participation of many educational institutions, which also makes the rapid development of China's education and training market in a short period of time, and intensifies the pressure of market competition for independent enterprises. In this paper, Tal Education Group as the research object, first of all, the business situation of Tal Education Group is analyzed, and then based on the Harvard analysis framework from the strategic analysis, accounting analysis, financial analysis, prospect analysis and other aspects of the application of TAL Education Group is analyzed. Finally, this paper expounds the problems of TAL Education Group financial management mainly including insufficient investment in the field of online education, insufficient accounting policy and accounting estimate, unreasonable accurate capital structure and cash flow management, poor brand building and marketing effect, and puts forward some optimization suggestions for TAL Education Group financial management from four aspects: strategic suggestions, accounting suggestions, financial suggestions and prospect suggestions.

Dry Fish Diversity of Veraval Dish Market, Gir Somnath, Gujarat

The present investigation was conducted to find the diversity and price of dry fish from the Veraval fish market. The market operates actively during the fishing season. The data collection was done by preparing a data collection sheet. Several species of coastal and marine dried fish like bangara, baga, mendali, khoti-kati, dhoma, bumla, and lal machala were commonly available. The market channel involves fish processors, merchants, wholesalers, retailers etc. The price of marine fish varies with the fish species' size, availability, and quality. The price of dry fish was noted during the intensive survey. Transport, labour and availability of fresh fish played a significant role in determining the selling price. The marketing system is associated with a good employment generation involving men and women. The main barrier to the market's sustainable development is lack of infrastructure facilities and poor market conditions

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to investigate how information and communication technology (ICT) contributes to the growth of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. When it comes to the broad acceptance of social media and digital apps, ICT plays a crucial role in the day-to-day operations of entrepreneurial endeavours. A desk research strategy was used, and literature on the effects of ICT on the growth of entrepreneurship was examined. According to the report, there is a plethora of potential for youth empowerment, employability, and general employment when ICT is applied to business growth. A lack of proper entrepreneurship orientation, inconsistent power supplies, inadequate ICT infrastructure, a lack of skilled technicians and technologists, poor access to financing, and poor marketing abilities were among the difficult factors that the study also uncovered. These were obstacles that any aspiring business owner had to overcome to ensure the sustainability of an existing venture. The report suggested, among other things, that given the critical role that ICT plays in the creation of entrepreneurial possibilities, the government and other stakeholders should create an environment that is supportive of the development of ICT infrastructure to support the growth of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, training facilities in ICT should be provided by relevant government agencies and networth stakeholders to increase the efficiency of the country’s entrepreneurs, enabling them to acquire relevant technical and technological skills needed to expand output, maintain existing customers, gain access to wider markets, and improve their entrepreneurial activities generally, particularly in terms of the development of new products for solving societal problems in the country.

Assessment of Smallholder Fish Farming Enterprise in Argungu Local Government Kebbi State

This study aimed to assess the engagement and interest of rural people in fisheries activities in Argungu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. One hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires were randomly distributed in the three villages. The questionnaires consisted of socioeconomic Characteristics as well as the current engagement of the rural people in fisheries activities and their interest in fish farming. The data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate that the majority (73.3%) of these fish farmers are male, compared to (26.7%) who are female. A large proportion of fish farmers have attained primary education (30.7%). Regarding marital status and income levels, (66%) of the fish farmers are married and (68%) of the fish farmers earn less than 10,000 Naira monthly. The results on engagement and interest of smallholder farmers in fish farming enterprises show that (52.7%) of the fish farmers are actively engaged in fish farming. Fish farming enterprises reveal that smoking is the most commonly used method, with (53.2%) of the respondents favoring it. The most prevalent constraints in fish farming enterprise indicate that (58%), is the poor marketing system and poor storage facilities, which affects (56.7%) of the smallholder fish farmers. Based on this, it is recommended that there is a need to assist in setting up small-scale fish farming projects in rural areas with proper monitoring and supervision and Small-scale fish farming policies and practices to significantly improve food security, rural incomes and sustainable aquaculture development.

The Underlying Causes of Poverty among Fisherman in Deli Serdang Regency

Fishermen in Indonesia are generally relatively poor. Low education is widely accepted as the cause, while others appointed terrible habits and bad custom practices as the main contributors. The fishermen are also accused of being lazy and fatalistic and like to waste money if they happen to have a big catch. However, we believe that the problem is not as simple. Therefore, we aim to explore the issue more and seek an understanding of the underlying cause of poverty among fishermen in Indonesia, especially in Percut, Deli Serdang Regency. Designing the study as a qualitative study, we use in-depth interviews to collect data from various actors, such as 39 fishermen, the head of the village, and two hamlet heads. The sampling technique was conducted using the snowball technique. The data analysis method of this research uses daily interpretative analysis. Our results show that the general assumption mentioned above is not valid. They are hard workers and not money wasters. The poverty is caused more by the lack of access to many aspects of life improvement. Poor access to education, poor market access, and poor access to credit institutions; some also have poor access to their primary resource, the sea, since they do not possess adequate equipment for it. These have limited the possibility for fishermen to improve their well-being.

Decomposition of production growth and identification of efficient cropping zones for major pulse crops in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

The study’s goal is to decompose pulse production growth in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand and identify efficient copping zones for both states. The total change in production was decomposed into three effects, i.e., the area effect (ΔA. Y0), the yield effect (ΔY. A0.), and the interaction effect (ΔA. ΔY). The relative spread index (RSI) and relative yield index (RYI) were computed to identify the potential cropping districts for different pulses grown in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. We classified districts into four zones: most efficient, efficient, not efficient, and highly inefficient. A higher RYI corresponds to higher yield districts, and a higher RSI indicates a more cultivated area. Districts with a high relative spread index and a low relative yield index indicate that a particular pulse is not suitable for that district. We suggest addressing production issues through research, marketing, and extension services to enhance the productivity level of pulse crops. The results from Uttar Pradesh are highly encouraging, indicating that the yield effect has primarily contributed to the growth in pulse production. The government’s policies, schemes, and initiatives to promote pulse production and decrease imports are moving in the right direction. According to the methodological analysis, 57 districts are among the most efficient cropping zones for all selected pulse crops in Uttar Pradesh. In the case of Uttarakhand, for all selected pulses, 20 percent of districts come under the most efficient cropping zone, and 20 percent of districts come under the most efficient cropping zone. The highest 40 percent of districts fell under highly inefficient cropping zones. Lack of high-quality inputs, technology adoption, and poor market and extension services may be the reasons for low productivity in these districts. An increase in productivity with low costs could help the country reduce imports of pulses and check the flow of foreign currency.

ASSESSING THE PROFITABILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED WOOD FURNITURE BUSINESSES IN ETHIOPIA

This study focuses on the issue of profitability within the small and medium wood industries in Ethiopia. Profitability stands as a cornerstone for the advancement of contemporary industries and is a pressing concern for policymakers. The primary aim of this study is to determine the level of profitability and the factors influencing it in small and medium-scale wood enterprises. To conduct the study, four key cities - Addis Ababa, Bahir Dar, Hawassa, and Jima - were purposively selected. Data were gathered from 170 industries across these cities and subjected to analysis, yielding pertinent results. As expected, the wood industries in Ethiopia lacking profitability and among the 170 surveyed, 59.4% industries were not profitable. This is because majority of workers in Ethiopia's wood industry lack formal or on-the-job training both prior to and during employment. Moreover, the machinery and equipment they operate are outdated, and they lack the necessary skills for their proper utilization. Additionally, challenges such as insufficient raw materials, limited capital, and poor market connections were identified as significant obstacles to profitability. To tackle these challenges and bolster profitability, continuous technical and managerial training for workers, financial assistance for acquiring modern machinery, enhancements in production processes, sales strategies, and market linkage facilitation are recommended.