Poor Families Research Articles

Household Food Insecurity among Indigenous Communities in Sarawak, Malaysia: Predictors and Coping Strategies.

Food insecurity prevails in people at all phases of their life course and causes remarkable health, social, and financial repercussions. In Sarawak state, Malaysia, information regarding household food insecurity is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity, together with its predictors and coping strategies among the Sarawak indigenous communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 953 Indigenous households (women) located in six districts throughout Sarawak using multistage sampling. Interviewer-administrated questionnaires were used. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were employed to draw inferences. The prevalence of food insecurity was 42.2%. Large household size (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.57 [1.04-2.45]), hardcore poor (AOR = 12.26 [5.07-29.65]), and absolute poor families (AOR = 3.01 [1.76-5.15]), recipient of financial assistance (AOR = 1.94 [1.27, 2.96]), no savings (AOR = 1.63 [1.08-2.46]), increased resource loss (AOR = 1.004 [1.001-1.008]), and employment of coping strategies (AOR = 3.78 [2.50-5.72]) were significantly related to a higher risk of household food insecurity. High level of perceived social support (AOR = 0.73 [0.58-0.93]), optimism (AOR = 0.91 [0.86-0.96]), and general perceived self-efficacy (AOR = 0.88 [0.85-0.91]) among respondents were protective against household food insecurity. Nearly half of the Indigenous households faced food insecurity in the current study. The findings suggest that incessant effort by pertinent stakeholders is warranted via diverse strategies to enhance the socioeconomic status and nutrition intervention programs that incorporate components of perceived social support, optimism, and perceived general self-efficacy to mitigate the level of food insecurity among the Sarawak Indigenous communities.

To Assess the Impact of the Quality and Level of Family Support to Pregnant Women on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Abstract Background: Throughout pregnancy, women need support from the family to gain better maternal and fetal outcomes. Emotional distress in women during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of adverse outcomes in women and newborns. Increasing family support can improve birth outcomes and maternal wellbeing and can reduce complications in mother and increased neonatal birth weight. Aim and Objective: This study aims to evaluate the influence of the level and quality of family support during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes and to identify any association between sociodemographic variables and the impact of the level and quality of family support during the third trimester. Materials and Methods: This study used a quantitative approach combined with a survey research design. Data were collected from four primary health centers (Rethare, Vadgaon, Kale, and Supane) at Karad, Maharashtra, India. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the 344 subjects from the Rethare, Vadgaon, Kale, and Supane areas of Karad Taluka. Data were collected before the completion of the first trimester, then during the second trimester, and post-delivery. Upon evaluation, the tool was validated by experts representing the fields of community health nursing, mental health nursing, obstetric gynecology, and pediatric care. A pilot study was conducted on 30 samples. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Findings regarding level of family support show that 133 women (38.7%) received good total support, 164 (47.7%) received moderate support, and 47 (13.7%) received poor family support during the third trimester. Results regarding maternal outcomes show that there was a significant association found between type of delivery and family support received after delivery with maternal outcomes and total support during the third trimester (P < 0.05). It means that physical, emotional, and psychosocial support (total support) received by women would prevent complications during delivery, i.e., prevent Cesarean sections, results in the mother giving normal birth to baby. Hence, the mother needs total support during the third trimester. Conclusion: Total family support is needed by pregnant women during the third trimester to achieve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Pengelolaan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) di Kelurahan Sangiasseri

The BPNT problem which eventually became the background of the research problem began when researchers were visiting one of the food distribution places in Sangiasseri Village in early February 2020, this market is one of the places where the community receives assistance, when researchers conducted research at the place where the community received assistance, researchers listened to residents' complaints where the assistance they received varied, some received IDR 300,000 and some received IDR 600,000. The community explained that the non-cash food assistance program received was usually charged by the management, there were also delays in disbursement where residents received once every three months which became a problem in the BPNT program. In its implementation, the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) program experienced inaccurate targeting where financially capable families received assistance, while poor families did not. So that the socio-economic welfare of beneficiaries has not increased Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) in the socio-economic welfare of beneficiaries, researchers discuss the running of the implementation of BPNT from the Sub-district, Village, RW and RT, BPNT Facilitators, and E-Warong and present findings on obstacles in the BPNT implementation system in the welfare of underprivileged families in Sangiasseri village.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNICATION IN CREATING HOUSEHOLD HARMONY IN ACEH BARAT DISTRICT

Family harmony is a state where family members are united, each member fulfills their rights and obligations, affection is fostered, and mutual understanding, dialogue, and cooperation are well established, resulting in physical and spiritual well-being. This study aims to understand communication patterns in creating a harmonious household, analyze communication aspects influencing household harmony, and identify obstacles in creating a harmonious household. This research uses qualitative methods, where the researcher comprehensively examines the facts in the field according to the focus of the problem. The data obtained is then analyzed, presented, and discussed. Accurate and reliable data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate that (1) communication patterns that can create household harmony include interpersonal communication, mutual trust and understanding, direct communication, and gentle communication; (2) communication aspects affecting household harmony include communication patterns and adjustments, the busyness of both spouses, financial issues, poor parenting, and lack of mutual trust. On the other hand, poor and ineffective communication results in household disharmony, as communication within the household is the main element for expressing all household life issues, and everything must be communicated openly and transparently. (3) obstacles to creating a harmonious household include poor communication, family aspects, economic aspects, infidelity, and lack of cooperation in nurturing, caring for, and guiding children. The responsibility for children is entirely handed over to the wife. At the same time, the husband only focuses on earning a living, thinking he must provide financially without assisting with household affairs. However, in maintaining a household, cooperation in all matters is essential.

The best healthcare (commodity) available (for purchase): provider-induced demand for obstetric ultrasonography among ethnic minority women in rural northern Vietnam

Despite Vietnam's overall progress on maternal health indicators, marginalized ethnic minorities in remote areas face lower access to antenatal care and higher maternal mortality rates relative to the Kinh (majority ethnic group). Last year, we conducted fieldwork for 2 qualitative research projects that aimed to address maternal health inequities among pregnant ethnic minority women in rural Northern Vietnam. Although not the focus of our research, the use of ultrasonography services at for-profit private clinics was ubiquitous in participants' healthcare-seeking accounts. Ultrasound scans from for-profit clinics were a major component of ethnic minority women's antenatal care: many purchased 8 to 10 scans during pregnancy at $6.15 US dollars per scan, despite their limited agricultural income of $120 to $205 per month. Women were unaware of how many scans were recommended and their medically indicated scheduling, but purchased frequent scans to assuage pregnancy anxieties and access what they experienced as the highest-quality antenatal service. In tandem, for-profit ultrasonography providers offered broader opening hours, immediate results, and rich technological scans, which seemed to deliver poor families the most tangible "value" for their hard-earned money. Previous literature documented the concerning overuse of ultrasonography among Kinh women in urban Vietnam: What are the implications of this trend extending to affect rural-dwelling ethnic minority women who face lower education, economic marginalization, and a 4-fold higher maternal mortality rate? Our findings raise concerns related to safety, financial vulnerability and provider-induced demand, and broader health policy questions regarding healthcare commodities in low-resource settings. Critically, there is no evidence of the effect of obstetrical ultrasound on reducing maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries, and its excess use could burden available resources and detract from evidence-based services. Our findings suggest that health system gaps are driving poor women toward frequent purchases of a single insufficient maternal health commodity: this will not improve their pregnancy outcomes or health equity for marginalized ethnic minorities. We argue that addressing this overuse of ultrasonography due to provider-induced demand requires a multipronged response that meets women's growing expectations. Our findings highlight the need for investment in health education, health promotion, and reliable high-quality public maternal healthcare for ethnic minority communities in Vietnam.

The life path of G.H. Bumagin

Importance. In 2024, G.H. Bumagin, secretary of the Leningrad and Novgorod regional Committees of the CPSU(b), who played a very important role in many events of the Battle for Leningrad, as well as in the restoration of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years and actively studying the activities of the partisans and underground workers of the Leningrad region in the last years of his life, will turn 120 years old. Now, there are no biographical fundamental works about him, and in books and articles, researchers most often described his work during the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years. The purpose of the study is to examine in detail his life path. Its tasks are to establish life periods and their chronological framework, to determine the criteria for choosing chronological frameworks, to describe each life period and its features, to establish the results and contribution of G.H. Bumagin to the events that he participated in.Materials and Methods. The research is based on archival materials from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg and the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. A descriptive-narrative, biographical methods, analysis and periodization are used for it.Results and Discussion. Based on archival materials, it is possible to describe the formation of G.H. Bumagin as the party leader of the Leningrad region before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War and the development of his career path. In addition, his work on the formation of the resistance movement in the first months of the Battle for Leningrad, the leadership of the Commission of the eastern districts of the Leningrad region and the leadership of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years is described.Conclusion. G.H. Bumagin had a difficult fate. A guy from a poor family who lived almost halfstarved, made every effort to get out into the world. He decided to do this by serving in the Red Army. Thanks to her, he was able to develop a political career in Leningrad and became secretary of the Leningrad and then Novgorod Regional Party Committee. They tried to blacken his name during the Leningrad case. Even though he was imprisoned without any evidence, he endured adversity with his family and, after rehabilitation, adjusted his life. When he retired, he had another front of work – studying the Resistance movement, which he led in the first months of the war. His accumulated material and work experience were subsequently useful for compiling memoirs and reports on the history of the partisan and underground movements of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions. He left valuable materials after his death, which formed the basis not only for this article, but also for other historical works.

Post‐stroke family resilience is correlated with family functioning among stroke survivors: The mediating role of patient's coping and self‐efficacy

AbstractAimFamily resilience and healthy family functioning are crucial for stroke survivors' rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the mediating effects of self‐efficacy and confrontation coping on the relationship between family resilience and functioning among patients with first‐episode stroke.DesignA cross‐sectional design was applied.Methods288 patients with first‐episode stroke were recruited from 7 hospitals in Shangqiu and Shanghai, China, from July 2020 to October 2020. A shortened Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection and resolve questionnaire, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and Self‐efficacy for Chronic Disease 6‐item Scale were used to collect the self‐reported data. The relationships among the studied variables were studied using spearman correlation and structural equation model.ResultsThe average level of family functioning among stroke patients was 7.87 (SD = 2.32). About 26.8% (n = 76) of patients reported family dysfunction. The structural equation model showed that family resilience directly affected patients' satisfaction with family functioning (r = 0.406, p < 0.001) and indirectly affected the mediating role of patients' self‐efficacy and confrontation coping style (r = 0.119, p < 0.001). The model was with good fit (χ2/df = 2.128, RMSEA = 0.065, GFI = 0.956, AGFI = 0.919, NFI = 0.949, and TLI = 0.956).ConclusionFamily resilience and functioning among patients with first‐episode stroke are positively associated with the mediating effects of the patients' confrontation coping style and self‐efficacy between family resilience and functioning. The findings indicate that the professionals should pay special attention to families exhibiting poor family resilience or with patients who rarely use confrontation coping styles or with poor self‐efficacy since they are more likely to suffer from low functioning.

Efektivitas BLT PKH terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga Tukang Becak di Kelurahan Kartini Kota Binjai

BLT PKH is one form of government program that focuses on assisting the poor in meeting their needs, improving the welfare of poor families, and reducing poverty in Indonesia. BLT itself originated from 2005 presidential instruction number 12, which was carried out by the President who served at that time, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and his deputy, Jusuf Kalla. The purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of BLT PKH in improving the welfare of the families of pedicab drivers in Kartini Village, Binjai Kota, as BLT recipients, based on theories, variables, and also real events in the field. This research is qualitative, with data collection techniques carried out by combining (triangulation) the processes of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, which are then analyzed by researchers qualitatively and concluded with drawing conclusions from the results of the research that has been done. The results of the family welfare research are not fully influenced by the effectiveness of BLT PKH. It is recommended that the government continue to supervise and program similar assistance programs to continue to overcome the problems of poverty in Indonesia.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF GREAT BRITAIN: STAGES OF FORMATION

The article proves that the formation of primary education in Great Britain took place over the centuries, starting with the creation of charitable and private schools for children of poor and wealthy families in the 17th-18th centuries, the opening of industrial, religious and grammar schools at the beginning of the 19th century. The creation of a system of general compulsory primary education in Great Britain took place at the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century, which was established by government laws that provided for obligatory and free education, as well as ensured control over the schools. This process continued in the 20th century. During this period, the primary school was divided into junior primary school and senior primary school; education in primary school consisted of key stages; the content and teaching methods were revised as well. The stages of formation of primary education in Great Britain are considered, namely: the first stage (XVII – first half of XVIII century) – formation and development of primary schools in Great Britain; the second stage (the second half of the 18th century (1780 – the foundation of the Sunday schools systems) – the beginning of the 19th century) – the development of Sunday schools and schools of mutual education; the third stage (the middle of the 19th century (1843 – the establishment of a Sunday school with a 4-year term of study) – the end of the 19th century) – the establishment of day-type schools, separated from religion, for the children of workers, as well as the petty and middle bourgeoisie; the fourth stage (the end of the 19th century (1870 – the Law on Compulsory Primary Education) – the creation of state primary boarding schools – the first half of the 20th century) – the formation of the state system of general education; the fifth stage (beginning of the 20th century – 1944) – the development of primary education (the adoption of a number of normative documents) and the sixth stage (1944 (Law on Education, Law on Compulsory Graduation Examination) – until now).

Socio-Economic Study of the Productive Role of Married Women in West Nusa Tenggara

This paper aims to analyze socio-economic factors (women's education, husband's education, wages, family income, non-labor income, household expenditure) that encourage the productive role (work participation) of married women in West Nusa Tenggara. The research was conducted using qualitative ethnomethodological methods by trying to explain the reality of the socio-economic dimension of the productive role of married women in West Nusa Tenggara. Data was obtained from married female informants who worked as key informants, while family members, and other related informants, as accompanying informants (as well as for validation tests). The results of the study show a social (non-economic) aspect, for those who are highly educated, they want to devote the knowledge they have obtained. However, in addition to these reasons, there are also women who choose to work because they feel subjective, such as bored with the routine of taking care of the house, or because of the assumption that by working, their association and status are better than just being housewives. The basic assumption of all married women who perform productive roles is as a source of additional income. From the economic aspect, the condition of low-income households (poor families) has a target level of income in line with the level of subsistence. That the productive role of married women will depend on the husband's ability to generate income compared to the income target. If the husband's income is below the income target, the wife will work more to achieve the subsistence needs. The findings of this study can be concluded that there are two major reasons why married women in West Nusa Tenggara to perform dual roles, namely because it is a "must" and because of a "desire".

USULAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN PEMASARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PRODUKSI PADA KOPERASI KAMPUNG JAHIT NUSANTARA

This research explores the role of MSMEs in improving Indonesia's socioeconomic conditions, with a focus on Kampung Jahit Nusantara Cooperative in Surabaya. MSMEs play an important role in absorbing labor, increasing GDP, and helping poor families escape poverty. The Kampung Jahit Nusantara Cooperative, based on labor-intensive housing, provides economic opportunities for local residents and improves the lives of poor families. Despite their positive contributions, these MSMEs face several challenges, such as weak reserve funds, unstructured financial reports, lack of digital marketing, low product quality, and lack of knowledge regarding employee manners. This research was conducted through field observations, interviews, and SWOT analysis. The results show that MSMEs have the potential to improve Indonesia's socio-economic conditions, but need to overcome some of the challenges faced.

Program Pengabdian Mahasiswa kepada Keluarga Dhuafa Pak Ido Syams Warga Plumpang Melalui Pengembangan Usaha Seblak

Introduction: Community empowerment is an effort to increase the dignity of layers of society who are unable to escape the trap of poverty and backwardness. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of empowering poor people. So far, poverty in Indonesia has been recorded to be still very high, which is largely due to the low level of education of the Indonesian people. Therefore, we formed a program to empower the poor by providing skills training programs as an effort to improve their standard of living. In this empowerment, the method of observation/observations in the field/houses of poor families is used. This method is important to provide valid and precise information. So that the category of poor family can be chosen as the most priority, both in terms of life difficulties, family conditions, and the environment where the poor family lives. The results of this empowerment are being able to provide food such as food needs as well as capital assistance to help the business owned by Mr. Ido Syams' family. Through this community service program, Mr Ido Syams can help the economy. In this way, this community service activity has had a positive impact on families experiencing economic problems Objective: This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of empowering poor people. Method: The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) Result: The results of this empowerment are being able to provide food such as food needs as well as capital assistance to help the business owned by Mr. Ido Syams' family. Conclusion: Through this community service program, Mr Ido Syams can help the economy. In this way, this community service activity has had a positive impact on families experiencing economic problems

Improving patients’, carers’ and primary care healthcare professionals’ experiences of discharge communication from specialist palliative care to community settings: a protocol for a qualitative interview study

BackgroundPatients who have benefited from specialist intervention during periods of acute/complex palliative care needs often transition from specialist-to-primary care once such needs have been controlled. Effective communication between services is central to co-ordination of care to avoid the potential consequences of unmet needs, fragmented care, and poor patient and family experience. Discharge communications are a key component of care transitions. However, little is known about the experiences of those primarily receiving these communications, to include patients’, carers’ and primary care healthcare professionals. This study aims to have a better understanding of how the discharge communications from specialist palliative care services to primary care are experienced by patients, carers, and healthcare professionals, and how these communications might be improved to support effective patient-centred care.MethodsThis is a 15-month qualitative study. We will interview 30 adult patients and carers and 15 healthcare professionals (n = 45). We will seek a range of experiences of discharge communication by using a maximum variation approach to sampling, including purposively recruiting people from a range of demographic backgrounds from 4–6 specialist palliative care services (hospitals and hospices) as well as 5–7 general practices. Interview data will be analysed using a reflexive thematic approach and will involve input from the research and advisory team. Working with clinicians, commissioners, and PPI representatives we will co-produce a list of recommendations for discharge communication from specialist palliative care.DiscussionData collection may be limited by the need to be sensitive to participants’ wellbeing needs. Study findings will be shared through academic publications and presentations. We will draft principles for how specialist palliative care clinicians can best communicate discharge with patients, carers, and primary care clinicians. These will be shared with clinicians, policy makers, commissioners, and PPI representatives and key stakeholders and organisations (e.g. Hospice UK) and on social media. Key outputs will be recommendations for a specialist palliative care discharge proforma.Trial registrationRegistered in ISRCTN Registry on 29.12.2023 ref: ISRCTN18098027.

Village Government Policies to Unravel the Failure in handling Stunting(Case study of Candiyasan Village, Wonosobo Regency)

The prevalence of stunting in 2021 according to the Indonesian Infant Nutrition Survey (SSGBI) was 24.4%. This figure still exceeds the WHO limit of 20%. The prevalence of stunting cases in Wonosobo Regency touched 10.49 percent and Candiyasan Village is the locus of stunting in Kertek District. This study aims to identify the factors causing the high stunting rate in Candiyasan Village and its relation to the extreme poverty rate, which is also high in Kertek Sub-district. The method used is descriptive qualitative method according to the results of interviews as primary data and literacy data as secondary data. The results show that stunting cases are caused by several factors, including: high rates of early marriage, pregnant women's awareness of the importance of checking nutritional fulfillment during pregnancy, nutritional fulfillment patterns, family food security, and poverty. The majority of stunting toddlers come from poor families.

Prevalence and risk factors of parental mental health problems: A cross-sectional study.

An understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of parental mental health problems is important for early intervention and prevention measures and shaping services for parents and their children. However, large representative surveys of parental mental health problems and associated risk factors are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence rates of parental mental health problems using a standardised measure of psychiatric morbidity (General Health Questionnaire; GHQ-12), in a representative sample of parents and caregivers of children and young people (2-19 years) in Northern Ireland. Further, this study explored associated risk factors of parental mental health problems. A random household survey of parents and children was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Parental responses on demographic, economic, familial and psychological measures were collected (N = 2815) and 22% of parents and caregivers screened positive for mental health problems. The STROBE checklist for observational research was adhered to. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that being in receipt of benefits, having poor family support, a history of adverse childhood experiences, a history of exposure to politically motivated violence (the Troubles), and a child with conduct problems and poor health were all independent risk factors of increased parental mental health problems. Findings will help to inform future commissioning and development of services and broaden understanding of the correlates of parental mental health problems.

Symptomatic Gallbladder Stones: From Occasional to Everyday in Pediatric Surgery

Introduction: Gallbladder stones (GS) in children were once considered rare. In recent years, the rate of cholecystectomies appears to have increased. GS may present with symptoms in 60% of cases and can be simple GS (biliary colic) or complicated GS (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice. The disease often leads to multiple emergency department visits and even hospitalizations, generating an increase in morbidity and public health costs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentation, risk factors, complications, treatment, and evolution of GS in children. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study in children from 0 to 14 years of age, who underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic GS at the Hospital Nacional Prof. A. Posadas between January 2018 and July 2022 (54 months). Results: A total of 219 LCs were performed, 36 (2018), 39 (2019), 36 (2020), 62 (2021) and 47 (first half of 2022) in patients with a mean age of 12.3 years (3-14), 68% female, 25% overweight, 23% obese, 86 patients with family GS. 36% complicated GS (CGS); 29 patients presented cholecystitis, 26 choledochal syndrome, and 33 pancreatitis. 15% had 3 or more consultations prior to surgery and 12% began as biliary colic and later presented CGS. 62% of patients with cholecystitis presented microlithiasis as an ultrasound finding and 88% of patients with pancreatitis presented microlithiasis. ERCP was required in 17 patients, IOC in 6 (2.7%), Rendez Vous in 3 (1.37%). 21 patients (9%) with postoperative complications were reported, of which 1 required relaparotomy. Conclusions: The incidence of GS has increased considerably in the period studied. The data suggest that poor diet and family GS are factors to be considered in its development. Finally, the time of evolution and the delay in surgical resolution has led to a higher prevalence of CGS in our population, which is why we believe that patients with symptomatic GS should be operated on after diagnosis.

Use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study

BackgroundMost Norwegian adolescents experience their first sexual intercourse during late adolescence. Use of contraception is important to avoid unwanted pregnancy, while condoms can also protect against sexually transmitted diseases. There are few studies on the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, most with varying results, and some studies have only examined the use of contraception among girls. In our study, we aimed to determine the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, and to investigate associations between use of contraceptives at first sexual intercourse, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol and other substance use.MethodsThe study was based on data from the national electronic youth survey Ungdata, conducted in 2020–2022 among 113 049 upper secondary pupils (15–19 years) in Norway, which was around 65% of pupils attending upper secondary school during the study period. Descriptive analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse, and multivariate logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between contraceptive use, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol intoxication and substance use.Result32% of Norwegian adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. More girls (57.4%) than boys (42.6%) reported use of contraception. Factors associated with non-use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among boys were having parents with no college /university education (OR = 1.22: CI 1.13–1.32), perceived poor family finances (OR = 1.22: CI 1.06–1.40), alcohol intoxication, and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances during the past 12 months. The same factors were associated with non-use of contraception among girls. Additionally, being older than 16 years (OR = 1.13: CI 1.06–1.19) was also associated with non-use of contraception at first sexual intercourse.ConclusionMany adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. Alcohol intoxication and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraceptives. This highlights the importance of preventive efforts including earlier prevention education that focuses more on the consequences of not using contraception in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

Potential Risk Factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Undergraduates and Postgraduates: Partially Mediated by Life Stress and Lifestyle

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and life stress in college students, and explore risk factors of DGBI in college students and the role of life stress. Methods: A total of 2,578 college students filled up validated questionnaires assessing GI symptoms, lifestyle, and life stress. Participants were diagnosed as DGBI based on the Rome III criteria. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis and mediation effect model were employed to explore potential risk factors of DGBI and the mediating role of life stress and lifestyle in DGBI. Results: A total of 437 of 2,578 (17.0%) college students were diagnosed with DGBI. College students with DGBI had higher levels of life stress, including eight specific categories. Females (1.709 [1.437, 2.033]), staying up late (1.519 [1.300, 1.776]), and life stress (1.008 [1.006, 1.010]) were risk factors for DGBI, while postgraduates (0.751 [0.578, 0.976]) and regular diet (0.751 [0.685, 0.947]) were protective factors. Males and poor family economic were associated with a higher risk of DGBI after controlling stress, while an association between grade and DGBI was mediated by stress, regular diet, and sleep habits. Conclusion: DGBI was common among college students. Life stress and lifestyle were associated with DGBI and mediated partial association between grade and DGBI in college students. More attention should be paid to undergraduates.

Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Based on Family Income Stratification

Introduction: The nutritional problem of stunting in Indonesia is known to occur in poor and non-poor families (those above 40% of social and economic welfare levels). Objective: This research was conducted to see the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of stunting in children under five based on family income stratification in Palembang City. Method: This research was a quantitative study with research data from 2020. The population in this study were toddlers 24-59 months in Palembang City with a sample of 97 toddlers. The sample in this research was taken by purposive sampling. The analytical method used to see the relationship was using the chi-square test. Result: The results of the study showed that the proportion of stunting was 20.6% with the incidence of stunting in the family income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 was 26.4% and in the family income stratification group ? IDR 10,000,000 is 13.6%. The results of the analysis show that each independent variable has a p value > ? (0.05), except for the parenting method variable in the income stratification group < IDR 10,000,000 which has a p value < 0.05. Conclusion: Further research needs to be carried out to investigate other factors that were thought to be risk factors for stunting, one of which is environmental factors, infectious diseases and nutritional patterns in children under five.

Ekonomi Sosial Kehidupan Anak Koin Di Pelabuhan Bakauheni

Children's coin is a term for children who work as coin collectors at Bakauheni Port, Lampung. They usually swim in the middle of the sea to pick up coins thrown by ship passengers. This work is very dangerous and high-risk, but many children's coin continue to do it due to poverty and lack of education. This research aims to find out the portrait of the life and challenges of hildren's coin at Bakauheni Port. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with children's coin, parents, and related parties. Children's coin face various challenges, among others: physical hazards, such as drowning, being hit by ships, and injured by corals; social hazards, such as discrimination and stigma; psychological hazards, such as trauma and depression. The results showed that children's coin in Bakauheni Harbor come from poor families living around the harbor. They dropped out of school because they could not afford education. Children's coin work to help the family economy. Recommendations to overcome the problem of children's coin in Bakauheni Port are: The government needs to improve the welfare of the poor, especially around Bakauheni Port; The government needs to provide education and training services for children's coin who drop out of school; The community needs to provide support and understanding to children's coin. This research is expected to provide a more comprehensive picture of the lives and challenges of children's coin in Bakauheni Port. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing policies and programs to address the problems of children's coin.