Pond Water Quality Research Articles

Early Warning System Of Water Quality Changes In Fishponds

This study aims to develop an early warning system for changes in water quality in fish ponds using the MQTT and Telegram Bot protocols. Poor water quality can cause significant economic losses in fish farming. Therefore, a system is needed that can accurately and quickly detect changes in water quality and provide warnings to fish farmers. The method used in this study involves the installation of sensors that are connected to a microcontroller and a communication system using the MQTT protocol. The sensors used include temperature sensors, pH sensors, turbidity sensors, water level sensors, and salinity sensors. The data obtained from these sensors will be sent via the MQTT protocol to the server connected to Telegram Bot. Telegram Bot is used as an interface for users. This bot will receive data from the server and perform processing to evaluate the water quality in fish ponds. If a significant change in water quality parameters is detected, the bot will send an early warning to fish farmers via Telegram messages. Fish farmers can receive these alerts on their mobile devices, so they can quickly take the necessary action to improve water conditions. The results of this study indicate that the developed early warning system can provide fast and accurate warnings of changes in water quality in fish ponds. With this system, fish farmers can take the necessary actions to prevent losses caused by changes in water quality before more serious damage occurs. In addition, the use of Telegram as a communication platform allows fish farmers to receive alerts on their mobile devices, which increases the responsiveness and convenience of water quality monitoring.

Study of Physico-chemical Parameters on a Fresh Water Pond of Orai, U.P., India

Water plays a crucial role in sustaining human life but the ramifications of urbanization and industrialization result in the contamination of water sources, rendering them unsuitable for drinking and agricultural purpose. Ponds are classified as lentic water bodies, which get adversely affected by anthropogenic activities. The current investigation endeavours to assess the physico-chemical properties of the water of Mahil pond, a freshwater pond situated in the middle of the city (Orai). The present work was conducted over the period of 12 months, specifically from January 2022 to December 2022. Monthly data have been gathered and subsequently organized by season, accompanied by its specific standard deviation. The study encompassed various parameters, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total alkalinity, Total Hardness, Nitrate-Nitrogen, and Phosphate. The findings of the current investigation revealed that the alkalinity level of the pond water exceeds the acceptable threshold established by the World Health Organisation. However, some of measured variables fall within the permissible range but many of them fall beyond the permissible limit. It is evident from the present study that, the water present in the Mahil pond is located at a position that falls slightly below the pollution threshold, rendering it unsuitable for both drinking purposes and the sustenance of resident organisms. Enhancing the quality of pond water can be achieved through the mitigation of anthropogenic activities and the prompt implementation of municipal treatment.

Sistem Monitoring pH Air pada Budidaya Lele Berbasis IoT

Maintaining water quality is the most important thing in every aquaculture, in this case catfish farming, so in maintaining water quality, especially water pH, it is necessary to monitor the pH of water in fishery ponds. This activity aims to be able to create a tool. the firebase and blynk platforms use the node MCU microcontroller with the ESP-8266 module which can be monitored remotely in realtime 8266 with the method used is prototype, starting with identifying needs, designing, building and testing prototypes. The research process includes measuring the pH of pool water by a water pH meter sensor device and the data is forwarded and processed by the MCU node which already has an ESP-8266 (wifi module) which can send pH reading data via the internet to firebase and blynk's realtime database platform so that later with it's easy as long as you are in the same network, information on measurement results will be easily accessed via any device, be it a PC, laptop or smartphone. Based on the test result that this monitoring system can run well to measure the pH of water with a relative error of 0.581%. In the end the use of this tool is to benefit from the application and testing of the tool in this case it is expected that the pH quality of the catfish pond water is good.

Pond water quality and its relation to fish yield and disease occurrence in small-scale aquaculture in arid areas

The study was conducted to determine the associations between water availability and management practises with pond water parameters in small-scale aquaculture in arid areas. Further, the study determined the associations between fish yield and disease incidence with the pond water parameters. We visited 36 tilapia farmers in Dodoma, a semi-arid region in Tanzania, for interviews and measurements of pond water parameters. The interviews collected information about pond type, pond age, water sources, feed type, pond fertilisation, stocking density, and disease incidences. The sources of water for the aquaculture activities were tap water, boreholes, and shallow wells. The source of water and management practises were linked to the parameters of the pond water. On the other hand, the parameters of the pond water were associated with fish yield and the likelihood of disease occurrence. Fish yield had a non-linear relationship with DO, turbidity, salinity, and stocking density and a linear association with pH. To expand aquaculture development in arid areas, efficient use of water through integrated aquaculture is recommended. Training farmers in good management practises and integration is necessary to ensure sustainable aquaculture development in arid areas.

Phytoremediation Effectiveness Azolla sp. and Ipoemea Aquatica Towards Amonia Levels Reduction in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Water Cultivation

Tilapia is one type of freshwater fish that has a lot of demand in the market. Therefore, the production of tilapia aquaculture is increasing. Increased production of aquaculture causes a decrease in water quality due to the large number of metabolic wastes. Fish farmers usually require a large amount of money to overcome the decline in the quality of aquaculture pond water. For this reason, it is necessary to apply techniques to improve the quality of aquaculture pond water at an affordable cost. Azolla sp and Ipoemea aquatica are plants that can absorb environmental contaminants. The research method used was experimental method with untreated pool water samples (control), pool water samples treated with kale (Treatment 1), pool water samples treated with Azolla sp. (Treatment 2) and pond water samples with the combination treatment of kale and Azolla sp. (Treatment 3). Ammonia levels in Tilapia pond water samples were statistically analyzed using the SPSS application. The results showed that kale and Azolla sp. tends to be effective in reducing ammonia levels in Tilapia rearing pond water. The water spinach treatment had a higher value in reducing ammonia levels in the sample water of the tilapia rearing pond, which was 5.99 compared to the Azolla sp. of 3.22 and the combination treatment of 5.95.

Pathway analysis of pH in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei concrete pond intensifies in Banyuwangi East Java

The study aims to understand the pH analysis path model in white shrimp-intensive ponds. The method used is the ex-post-facto analytical analysis by observing changes in the pH of pond water and other water quality parameter factors that affect it—shrimp farming method under the intensively patterned BAPC. The measured water parameters were pH, temperature, salinity, transparency, TOM, carbonate, bicarbonate, and total alkalinity. The collected research data were analyzed by regression and correlation to create a path analysis model for pH. The results showed that changes in the pH of pond water are influenced directly and indirectly by salinity, TOM, and total alkalinity. The most significant direct influence comes from the total alkalinity and the smallest of TOM.

The abundance of Microcystis sp. on intensive shrimp ponds

Microcytis sp is plankton species that is detrimental in shrimp pond ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to detect the abundance of plankton and the presence of Microcystis sp. in the waters of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) aquaculture ponds. The research method used is descriptive quantitative and qualitative with added analysis of dynamic modeling systems. The results showed that pond water quality conditions were still good enough for shrimp farming activities with details of dissolved oxygen 4.01-6.17 mg/L, pH 7.7-7.9, salinity 20‰, temperature 27.050-28.250C, nitrate 0.01-0.15 mg/L, phosphate 0.05-0.20 mg/L, brightness 25-35 cm. For the classification of plankton found among them are from the Bacillariophyceae class, there are the genera Skeletonema sp., Cyclotella sp., Coscinodiscus sp., and Amphipora sp., from the Chlorophyceae class, there are the genera Chlorella sp., Oocystis sp., and Clamydomonas sp., from the Cyanophyceae class. the genus Oscillatoria sp., Microcystis sp., and Anabaenopsis sp. The plankton diversity index (H') was obtained between 0.01-0.33 and the uniformity index (E) was obtained between 0.10-0.50, meaning that the condition of the pond waters is still quite good and there are minimal indications of pollution. The abundance of Microcystis sp. obtained between 0.2x104-0.6x104 cell/ml. from the results of dynamic modeling analysis it is shown that the abundance of Microcystis sp. in pond waters is influenced by the value of the productivity level of the waters and the process of grazing organisms. The results of this study can be concluded that the plankton abundance rate found in ponds ranges from 0.4x104-1.9x104 cell/ml which consists of 10 genera and 3 classes of plankton. Then Microcystis sp. its presence was found in 3 ponds with abundance rate ranging from 0.2x104-0.6x104 cell/ml.Keywords:CultivationGenusGrazingModelWaters

Application of microalgal diversity in assessing the water quality of freshwater ponds.

The health of an ecosystem can be evaluated based on its ecological characteristics and intrinsic biological quality. Furthermore, as nutrients are easily accessible by the algal cells in an aquatic ecosystem, the biochemical composition of an algal cell also varies accordingly with the ecological condition of its habitat. This study was carried out to understand the impact of seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters on the microalgal diversity and composition of five freshwater ponds in Mangalore, India. The diversity indices, viz. Shannon's (0.88-3.42), Margalef's (0.16-3.6), and Simpson's dominance index (0.47-0.96), were analyzed using PAST. A prominent variation in both the abundance and diversity of species was observed during the study period. About 150 species of algae belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Rhodophyceae were recorded. Of these groups, Chlorophyceae, specifically, desmids formed the dominant flora. Zygnematales were dominant during monsoon, while Chroococcales was the most dominant group during the post-monsoon season. Ecological conditions like temperature, pH, dissolved gases, and inorganic salts were found to impact the growth and abundance of microalgae. The ecological parameters showed a prominent effect on microalgal diversity. The results indicated that site SR was the least polluted and most diverse among the lentic habitats studied. It also had lesser noxious algal species which could be attributed to its nutrient composition.

Pemanfaatan Energi Baru Terbarukan Smart Farming System dalam Peningkatan Hasil Pertanian dan Perikanan

Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) Lintang Songo is a business-based boarding school with 27 business units. Those business units include agriculture, plantations, fisheries, and animal husbandry. Alas, the most common problems in business management are irregular fish feeding, unchecked water quality leading to many fish growing slowly or dying, and the high use of PLN electricity for business unit operations. The aim of the Community Service Program (PKM) was to design automatic tools supported by New Renewable Energy (EBT) technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in the form of a Solar Home System. Automatic feeding devices and pond water quality sensors were targeted to overcome the aforementioned issues. The method used in the Community Partnership Program (PKM) was research and development (RD) through the design of the Solar Home System, automatic feeding devices, and pond water quality sensors. After testing the fish feed tools, the condition of the fish improved, and no fish died. Monitoring the pH of pond water shows a pH value of 6.5 – 7 so that it can be categorized as normal with a stable water circulation system. Testing of the solar home system showed the effectiveness of using solar panels at position 120 WP in sunny conditions, which indicates that the utilization of supporting equipment for smart farming at the Lintang Songo Islamic Boarding School had been successful.

Physico-Chemical Analysis Of Fish Farming Ponds Of Darbhanga, Bihar, India

  Safe drinking water is a fundamental human right & basic need of individuals. Water quality is an important criteria for productivity of pond. The study was designed to assess the quality of pond water of Dighi Pond & Harahi pond of Darbhanga, Bihar, with reference to physic-chemical parameters including turbidity, conductivity, dissolve O2, free CO2, PH, potassium, zinc, iron, sodium, chloride and hardness. The results were evaluated and compared with both ponds water quality. It is found that based on physic-chemical parameters, both ponds water is not suitable for fish farming. &nbsp

Climatic Factors Affecting Water Quality under Natural Conditions: A Field Survey of a Local Reservoir

The global water cycle is closely related to climate change, and fresh water is a precious resource. Therefore, the effects of climate change on fresh water quality are of major importance. Worldwide, shallow lakes and ponds are the most abundant reservoir types. However, there have been few studies about ponds despite their large number. It is commonly accepted that wind-driven currents and thermal stratification mainly affect water circulation and oxygen diffusion in lakes. The presented research aims to verify whether this accepted view would be observed in a pond (⁓1 m depth and ⁓5,600 m2 area) under natural conditions accompanying changes in temperature and wind. A field survey performed over 7 months in Japan has demonstrated that (i) the temperature variations in the air and the pond water were negatively correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration; and (ii) the wind variation shows weak negative correlation with the dissolved oxygen level in the bottom layer. A simple concept of the link between temperature and dissolved oxygen is established through these findings – the oxygen solubility dependent on temperature is important rather than thermal stratification and wind in terms of discussing the climate change effects on pond water quality.

Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Air Pada Pembudidayaan Ikan Air Tawar Menggunakan ESP 32 dan ESP 8266

Indonesia is one of the countries that has natural resources in the form of abundant water; these geographical conditions can be utilized to support the growth and development of fish farming businesses in Indonesia; production results are very dependent on fish cultivation methods in freshwater fish, water quality is one of the most important factors in fish farming because it has an impact on fish quality and production, several parameters such as pH, temperature, and water turbidity are one of the influential factors in the success of freshwater fish farming. In this study, a system was built that could record water quality in fish ponds in real-time and monitor water conditions in fish ponds using several sensors, including a pH-4502C sensor to measure pH, a DS18B20 sensor to measure temperature, and a turbidity sensor to detect water turbidity. The test results obtained an accuracy of the reading value of 95.00% for pH, 97.33% for temperature, and 90.53% for turbidity. All data obtained by the sensor will be displayed on the website page as an interface, and the Telegram application will send and display Notifications of water conditions to cellphone cultivators.

Design of Automatic Pond Water Quality Control in Koi Fish Farm

Koi fish is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that has high economic value. Koi fish have attractive body colors and ideal body shapes so they have good sales prospects. However, koi fish farming has several obstacles, one of which is the low recovery rate and the relatively slow growth of fish. Water quality is the main parameter in the success of a fishing effort. Therefore, this study designed a tool that can help koi fish farmers in unifying the quality of pond water so that koi fish can grow and develop properly. This monitoring system is designed by implementing an automatic control monitoring system to produce good water quality for koi fish farming. Data obtained from water quality monitoring are parameters of pH, ammonia, and water temperature. The results of this cultivator's research can monitor the quality of fish pond water and immediately get water quality control automatically.

Water Quality Level for Shrimp Pond at Probolinggo Area Based on Fuzzy Classification System

Since several years ago, vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been extensively cultivated in Indonesia because it has good business opportunities. In aquaculture activities, water quality is an important factor that dramatically impacts the survival and quality of shrimp in the pond. Therefore, information of water quality must be known by the farmer for obtaining a satisfactory harvest. This study aims to develop a water quality monitoring system based on information of temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. The data from sensors are sent to the cloud utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology and then classified by a fuzzy logic system. In order to help farmers easily know the water quality of their shrimp pond, four sensor data including the result of classification from fuzzy logic are sent to the phone. After a trial of the system, 100% of the data are successfully sent to the cloud (google spreadsheet). The system also successfully classified the level of water quality as the expectation of the farmer. With this system, it is hoped that it can assist farmers in monitoring the water quality of shrimp pond to improve the quality and quantity of shrimp.

Water quality, vegetation, and management of stormwater ponds draining three distinct urban land uses in central Florida

Stormwater ponds are prevalent engineered water features that are designed to mitigate the effects of urban land use on downstream water bodies. These systems contribute significantly to the total area of aquatic ecosystems in some urban watersheds, making them important integrative features for examining human impacts on water ecosystem services. We investigated the distribution of stormwater ponds in relation to different land uses and examined dissolved nutrients in pond water, pond vegetation, and pond management practices in stormwater ponds receiving runoff from distinct urban lands uses in a rapidly developing suburban watershed of Orlando, FL, USA. Stormwater ponds represented 40.2% of the total area of non-forested freshwater systems in the watershed and were dominated by ponds situated in residential (43.7%), followed by roadways (14.7%), and institutional (2.3%) land uses. We randomly selected 8 ponds receiving runoff from each of these three lands uses, using schools to represent the institutional land use, and expressways to represent roadways, and sampled them monthly from May-Sept. 2015 for nutrient and physical characteristics and assessed their general cover of emergent and submerged vegetation. Total nitrogen (TN) concentrations differed significantly between expressway and school ponds, with expressway ponds having TN concentrations 51.7% higher than schools. Both total phosphorus (TP) and TN varied differently through time in the different lands uses and concentrations of most dissolved nutrients separated out from pond vegetative cover in a principal component analysis. Ponds with higher TN and chlorophyll a (chla) concentrations had lower water clarity. Management intensity for removal of aquatic vegetation and algae was lower in school ponds than in expressway and residential ponds, and school ponds contained the highest abundance and diversity of vegetation. Different urban land uses had varying impacts on water quality, and more intense chemical use to control vegetation and algae was related to greater nutrient and chla concentrations and lower water clarity. Our results indicate that there are important differences in nutrient concentration in stormwater ponds in the different land uses that may be related both to differences in surface runoff, and in management practices use to control overgrowth of vegetation and algae.

Antibiotic residue analysis of tetracycline and chloramphenicol in banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) from a traditional shrimp farming in Brondong, Lamongan

Banana shrimp is one of the potential export shrimp cultivated in Brondong, Lamongan. Antibiotic residues, including pollutants, can come from cultivation pond areas and environmental pollution. The antibiotics in shrimp are tetracycline groups (oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline) and chloramphenicol. This study aims to determine the presence of antibiotic residues in banana shrimp and whether the quality of the shrimp has met health safety standards based on antibiotic residue analysis using estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) calculations. Examination of antibiotic residues is carried out at the UPT. Quality Testing and Development of Marine and Fisheries Products in Surabaya. This study used an observation method by taking shrimp samples, measuring pond water quality parameters, and testing the content of antibiotic residues in the laboratory. The examination results showed that residues of the tetracycline and chloramphenicol groups were not detected in banana shrimp. Calculations of EDI and HQ cannot be performed because antibiotic residues are not detected. The HQ value is below one, which indicates a low-risk level category. Banana shrimp from a farming pond in Brondong, Lamongan is safe for human consumption.

Reporting water quality of sustainable traditional ponds using water quality index in Nagaur district of western Rajasthan, India

The present study investigates ancient water harvesting techniques of western Rajasthan and reports potable water quality by using the Water Quality Index (WQI). These small rain-fed ponds are still a significant water resource for the village community and quench the thirst for 6 to 10 months. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the water quality and its suitability for drinking, development of forest and irrigation purpose. There were four sampling sites that were analyzed seasonally for physico-chemical parameters including, pH, TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate, Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium over a period of one year from July, 2020 to June, 2021 in Nagaur district, Rajasthan. In the results, WQI indicated very poor and unsuitable drinking water quality in all seasons in the first sampling site located in the city due to poor management. Whereas, all the village sampling sites had excellent water quality index in terms of drinking in all seasons excluding one sampling site, which was showing poor water quality in summer. Calculations for WQI show that fluoride is the most influencing parameter in the study. The findings significantly enhance the understanding of the importance of these small water ponds and provide a base for making sustainable water strategies in present study areas.

SISTEM INFORMASI BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE DI BALAI BENIH IKAN (BBI) BUNGUS

The Bungus Fish Seed Center as an institution that produces catfish seeds has developed good cultivation techniques and management of catfish farming businesses. This study aims to examine catfish farming techniques and the application of information systems in the management of catfish farming at the Bungus Fish Seed Center. The research method used is a mixed research method by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the Bungus Fish Seed Center applied good cultivation techniques, such as managing water quality, selecting superior seeds, using good and correct feed, and good pond maintenance techniques. The Bungus Fish Seed Center also implements an information system in managing catfish farming, such as a real-time monitoring system for catfish production, a pond water quality monitoring system, a feed recording system, a production cost calculation system, and a planning and production system as well as financial reporting. From the results of the analysis and design of catfish farming information systems, it can be concluded that information systems can provide benefits for catfish farmers in managing catfish farming businesses more effectively and efficiently. Thus, catfish farming at the Bungus Fish Seed Center has implemented good cultivation techniques. So that it is expected to make a positive contribution in increasing the productivity and quality of catfish and the economy in Indonesia.

Effects of Vermicompost on Growth of Cyprinid Fish and Water Quality of Warm Water Earthen Ponds

Experiment was conducted in 0.0-ha earthen ponds to promote growth performance of silver carp and Cyprinus carpio and big head (cyprinid) plus phytoplankton and zooplankton and were estimated in a pond receiving mixed fertilizer with vermicomposting, with 6000 and 12000 kg per/ha/year mixed with fertilizer (VC6 and VC12) and 6000, 12000 kg per/ha/year without vermicomposting (CO6and CO12). All treatments were compared finally. Significant differences were found in diversity and abundance of plankton in the pond exposed to fertilizer having CO6, CO12 and VC6, VC12 The used fertilizer and manure could be graded in the following descending order VC12, VC6, CO12, and CO6. The least concentration was accounted in control sets with 6000 kg manure. The highest production of fish was found in vats treated with VC12 (12000kg/ha/year) followed by VC6 (6000 kg / ha/year), CO12 (12000 kg/ha/year), CO6 (6000 kg/ha/year). The highest yield of fish in vats applied with VC12 may be related to its highest manorial value.

PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) CULTIVATION IN INTENSIVE PONDS

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the phytoplankton of Chlorophyta with the highest total abundance in each pond was 18,400x103 ind/l, 14,900x103 ind/l, 16,620x103 ind/l, and 6.410x103 ind/l. The index of phytoplankton diversity at each location was 0.74, 0.73, 0.87, 0.74. Phytoplankton uniformity index at each location was 0.04, 0.04, 0.05, 0.05. Phytoplankton dominance index at each location was 0.60, 0.38, 0.56, 0.07. The abundance of phytoplankton is an obstacle to the success of vannamei shrimp aquaculture production.