Pond Soil Research Articles

Occurrence of Athiorhodaceae in Woodland, Swamp, and Pond Soils

Tests (by enrichment culture) for nonsulfur purple photosynthetic bacteria in surface soils showed them in all of three sediment cores sampled in a shallow pond and in all of six peats from nearby swamp hollows beneath cedar and tamarack. They also occurred in two of three peats from swamp flats and three of five peats from swamp hummocks. For woodland and grassland surface soils, proportions were three out of seven and five out of nine sites respectively. For the total number of tubes inoculated at varying dilutions from each of these sites, the following proportions of positives were recorded: uppermost lake sediments 92%, swamp hollows 67%, swamp flats 38%, swamp hummocks 20%, woodlands 14%, grasslands 8%.

Exit gradients into subsurface drains

The exit gradients into drain pipes of various diameters and at various depths below the ponded soil water surface and with an impermeable barrier at varying depths below the drain were investigated by programming Kirkham’s equation for flow into drains under ponded conditions. It is shown that a quick condition or a weightless condition of the soil can result only under the drain lines. It is only at this point that the upward hydrodynamic seepage force is greater than the downward gravity force of the soil particle. The seepage forces result in an exit gradient that is higher than the usual critical exit gradient of one for a fine sand material without surcharge load. In almost every case, the critical exit gradient is exceeded with drain lines located 2, 3, and 5 feet below the water table and for drain diameters of 0.2-1.2 feet. These conditions will occur under irrigated agriculture during leaching operations and also may occur during the irrigation season. The effect of a surcharge load and the effect of the cohesive forces among the soil particles is discussed. As a result of the analysis, it is tentatively recommended that the gravel envelope be located beneath the drain rather than all around the drain as is currently practiced. In addition, the top of the drain can be covered with an impermeable material to prevent piping of soil into the drain during the settling of the soil in the trench. These findings are confirmed by the field observations of Pillsbury, 1967.

Development and Status of Pond Fertilization in Central Europe

Abstract A review of recent European literature on pond fertilization is offered as a foundation for certain phases of American pond-cultural technique. The fertilizing substances, lime, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon, are discussed individually in the light of their usefulness in increasing fish yields and with regard to the important mechanisms through which they are able to effect these increases. European techniques in the employment of fertilizer are described where these are different from corresponding American procedures. In addition, an attempt has been made to integrate divergent aspects of the subject through a consideration of certain fundamentals of trophic metabolism in ponds, the function of pond soils as conservators of nutrients, and microbiological processes relating to the theory of fertilization. A synopsis of the history of pond fertilization in central Europe and a general criticism of research methods are included.

Chemical Composition of Certain Aquatic Plants

Previous articleNext article No AccessChemical Composition of Certain Aquatic PlantsHorace J. Harper and Harley A. DanielHorace J. Harper Search for more articles by this author and Harley A. Daniel Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 96, Number 1Sep., 1934 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/334455 Views: 6Total views on this site Citations: 17Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Botanical Gazette (1876-1991), which is continued by International Journal of Plant Sciences (1992-present). PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Rafiq A. Rather, Madhulika Bhagat Utilization of Aqueous Weeds for Biofuel Production: Current Status and Future Prospects, (Feb 2021): 37–57.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6552-0_2R.N. Royle, R.J. King Aquatic macrophytes in Lake Liddell, New South Wales: biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus status, and changing distribution from 1981 to 1987, Aquatic Botany 41, no.44 (Jan 1991): 281–298.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(91)90048-AChukwuemekanim Nwadiaro, Peter Idabor Proximate Composition and Nutrient Elements in the “Unusual” Algal “Jellies” of Lake Oguta in Southern Nigeria, Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 75, no.33 (Jan 1990): 413–420.https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19900750310W. Van Vierssen The ecology of communities dominated by Zannichellia taxa in western Europe. III. chemical ecology, Aquatic Botany 14 (Jan 1982): 259–294.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(82)90103-6Dagmar Dykyjová Selective uptake of mineral ions and their concentration factors in aquatic higher plants, Folia geobotanica & phytotaxonomica 14, no.33 (Sep 1979): 267–325.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854394D. J. Rawlence, J. S. Whitton Elements in aquatic macrophytes, water, plankton, and sediments surveyed in three North Island Lakes, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 11, no.11 (Mar 2010): 73–93.https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1977.9515662Franklin S. Adams, David R. MacKenzie, Herbert Cole, Marilyn W. Price The influence of nutrient pollution levels upon element constitution and morphology of Elodea canadensis rich. in Michx., Environmental Pollution (1970) 1, no.44 (Apr 1971): 285–298.https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(71)90021-8DAVID L. SUTTON, R. D. BLACKBURN UPTAKE OF COPPER IN HYDRILLA*, Weed Research 11, no.11 (Mar 1971): 47–53.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1971.tb00975.xD. N. Riemer, S. J. Toth A Survey of the Chemical Composition of Potamogeton and Myriophyllum in New Jersey, Weed Science 17, no.22 (Jun 2017): 219–223.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500031362Claude E. Boyd Fresh-water plants: a potential source of protein, Economic Botany 22, no.44 (Oct 1968): 359–368.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908132Kenneth M. Mackenthun The Phosphorus Problem, Journal - American Water Works Association 60, no.99 (Sep 1968): 1047–1054.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1968.tb03642.xE. Stake Higher vegetation and phosphorus in a small stream in central sweden, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Hydrologie 30, no.22 (Sep 1968): 353–373.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505842Milan Straškraba Der Anteil der höheren Pflanzen an der Produktion der stehenden Gewässer, SIL Communications, 1953-1996 14, no.11 (Dec 2017): 212–230.https://doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1968.11903855L. A. Caines The phosphorus content of some aquatic macrophytes with special reference to seasonal fluctuations and applications of phosphate fertilizers, Hydrobiologia 25, no.1-21-2 (Mar 1965): 289–301.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00189869Richard R. Anderson, Russell G. Brown, Robert D. Rappleye Mineral composition of Eurasian water milfoil,Myriophyllum spicatum L, Chesapeake Science 6, no.11 (Mar 1965): 68–72.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02688318C. Juday Chemical Composition of Large Aquatic Plants, Science 81, no.20982098 (Mar 1935): 273–273.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.81.2098.273-aC. Juday Chemical Composition of Large Aquatic Plants, Science 81, no.20982098 (Mar 1935): 273–273.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.81.2098.273.a