Pomegranate Seed Oil Research Articles

Impact of fatty acids unsaturation on stability and intestinal lipolysis of bioactive lipid droplets

Emulsions are complex mixtures of immiscible liquids that are widely spread in foods and considered as natural, efficient and cost effective tools to deliver lipophilic bioactives to the consumer. Many recent studies seek to elucidate the principles for formulating emulsions with novel bioactive ingredients, such as bovine lactoferrin or bioactive lipids, towards enhanced and extended emulsion functionality. This research evaluated the effects of droplet lipid unsaturation degree on emulsion properties, stability and susceptibility to intestinal lipolysis. For this purpose, emulsions were produced via high pressure homogenization using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) rich in 18:1n9 oleic acid, hemp seed oil (HSO) rich in 18:2n6 linoleic acid and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) rich in 18:3n5 conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA). Droplet fatty acid composition was altered using glyceryl trioleate (TOLN) doping at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5% and 10% [w/w]) and found to temper emulsion stability, droplet size, droplet size distribution spans. In respect to intestinal lipolysis, TOLN did not affect EVOO lipolysis, had mild impact on HSO lipolysis and markedly accelerated and enhanced the lipolysis of PSO. Fatty acid profiling of intestinal digesta indicated the preferential liberation of saturated, then monounsaturated and lastly polyunsaturated fatty acids from the various lipid droplets. Overall, the results presented herein show a new possibility for smart design of emulsions with sustained and controlled release of unsaturated fatty acids in the human gut.

Effect of the Biodegradable Coatings the Base on Microalgae and Oil of the Seed of the Pomegranate in the Conservation Powder-Crop of the Papaya ‘Golden’

It is very challenging to the quality of the papaya culture’s fruits (Carica papaya L.) after the crop, especially due to their significance to the international market, that is, their elevated exportation demands. The purpose of this work was the application of biodegradable coatings composed of Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. associated or not with pomegranate seed oil in ‘Golden’ papaya and to evaluate their effect in the conservation powder-crop. The installation of the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with a 6 x 6 factorial outline, that is, six concentrations (C: control; SO: 0.5% of Scenedesmus sp. + 0.3% of pomegranate seed oil; S: 0.5% of Scenedesmus sp.; CO: 0.5% of Chlorella sp. + 0.3% of pomegranate seed oil; CH: 0.5% of Chlorella sp.; O: 0.3% of pomegranate seed oil) and six evaluation periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days), stored at a temperature of 18±2 °C with 60±5% RH with three repetitions of two fruits per portion. The use of coverings composed of Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. in association or not with pomegranate seed oil was proven efficient in the reduction of the breathing tax of ‘Golden’ papaya, delaying the ripening process, and therefore representing a promising alternative for these fruits’ powder-crop conservation. The coating composed of 0.5% of Chlorella sp. + 0.3% of pomegranate seed oil (CO) provided a better powder-crop conservation of ‘Golden’ papaya during 15 days of storage.

Comparison of the Effects of 8 Weeks of Core Stability Exercise on Ball and Sling Exercise on The Quality of Life and Pain in The Female With Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSLBP)

Effects of the Mouthwash Containing Pomegranate Seed Oil on Improving Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Effects of Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Disease Resistance Against Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout.

This study is aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation on growth performance, some hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). 240 fish in total were randomly assigned into four triplicate groups (20 fish/per aquarium) corresponding to four dietary treatments: control (PSO0; no addition of PSO), 0.5% (PSO5), 1.00% (PSO10), and 2.00% (PSO20) of PSO, respectively. After the 60 day-feeding trial, fish blood samples were collected and compared. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of PSO on red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase parameters in PSO5 and PSO10 with regard to control. Moreover, a pronounced (P < 0.05) increased in weight gain, growth and feed conversion was found in fish fed with PSO supplemented diets. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri and survival recorded for 20 days. Cumulative survival was 45.10% in fish fed with the control diet, whereas in fish fed with PSO5, PSO10, and PSO20 supplemented diets, survival was 58.82, 56.86, and 56.86%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary administration of PSO induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y. ruckeri, intercalary significant differences occurred on growth performance and some blood values among treated groups. These positive effects of PSO could be considered for new applications in aquaculture.

Propolis wax nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery of β sitosterol: Effect of formulation variables on physicochemical properties

Preparation and characterization of novel functional nanostructured lipid carriers containing β sitosterol has been studied. The nanostructured lipid carrires (NLCs) were formulated with propolis wax (PW) alone or in mixture (1:1 w/w) with glyceryl behenate (GB), and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and produced by a hot melt emulsification method. Response surface methodology was used to optimize formulations with respect to β sitosterol concentration, liquid lipid content and solid lipid composition. The NLCs formulated with less oil and higher drug content showed higher size and lower encapsulation efficiency. Solid state analysis exhibited lower crystallinity of optimal formulations compared to raw lipids and a drug amorphization into the NLC matrix. The compatibility between drug and encapsulating materials was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical particles ranged around 100 nm confirming the applicability of such formulations for the production of functional foods.

Processing of pomegranate seed waste and mass transfer studies of extraction of pomegranate seed oil

In this manuscript, an attempt has been made to study the effect of particle size, time, and temperature on the extraction of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) with hexane. Pomegranate seed powder fraction (9XXX) provided the highest yield of PSO than others, yielding 39% (w/v) oil extracted at room temperature (28–30 °C, 8 hr). The composition of oil extracted with different methods has been determined with a primary focus on the content of punicic acid (PA). Hexane extracted 9XXX fraction was found to be the best solvent for the high PA in PSO extraction at 28–30 °C. FT-IR showed that there are no unusual functional groups in the spectra in all extraction conditions. The method of principal component analysis (PCA) has been studied for individual fatty acids to the total variability of principal components. The mass transfer studies on extraction initially followed zero order rate up to 10 min, followed by first order rate transfer. Practical applications Pomegranate seeds are one of the major components of the marc. The pomegranate seed oil (PSO) is characterized by the presence of high concentration of punicic acid, which possesses various health beneficial properties, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, etc. The studies carried out enable to fractionate pomegranate seed powder into one of the fractions which yields not only the high content of oil at room temperature but also high content of punicic acid.

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic hepatotoxicity in rats

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the most widely used Hepatotoxin that is known to induce oxidative stress and causes hepatic damage by the formation of reactive free radicals in laboratory animals. Objective: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective role of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on histological structure, some biochemical parameters and lipid peroxidation on CCl4-induced acute and chronic liver injury induced rats. Materials and Methods: The study material comprised 80 male Wistar albino rats. They were divided into two study groups including 40 rats for acute and 40 rats for chronic hepatotoxicity induction by CCl4. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate degree of steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis semiquantitatively. Blood serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities and glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total protein, albumin and liver malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were measured. Results: All control and only PSO given animals liver showed normal histological architecture, but in the acute CCl4-treated animals, an intensive macro and microvesicular steatosis, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrations in portal area and parenchyma, and necrotic alterations; in the chronic CCl4-treated group, additionally to acute findings mild-to-severe fibrosis with lobulation formation were observed. Conclusion: The results suggest that administration of PSO has partially ameliorative effects on biochemical and lipid peroxidation parameters in acute period, but it has no effect on the recovery of liver tissue damage or histopathological changes and biochemical parameters induced by CCl4in chronic period. Abbreviations Used: PSO: Pomegranate seed oil; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; CCl3: Trichloromethyl; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IM: Intramuscular; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TP: Total protein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Toxicological assessment of Xanthigen® nutraceutical extract combination: Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and oral toxicity.

Xanthigen® is a nutraceutical combination for weight management capable of increasing energy expenditure via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in white adipose tissue. It consists of brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida extract, rich in the carotenoid fucoxanthin (FX) and pomegranate seed oil (PSO), rich in punicic acid. Xanthigen was screened to determine its genotoxicity and 90-days repeated oral toxicity. Genotoxicity was assessed with the Ames test (TA89, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, WP2), chromosomal aberration assay (Chinese hamster ovary cells) and mammalian micronucleus test (in mice). Xanthigen did not exhibit genotoxicity in any tested strain. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated with daily oral administration of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day doses of Xanthigen® to Sprague-Dawley rats over 90 days. No deaths and no deleterious effects were observed during the 90-day treatment, indicating an absence of sub-chronic toxicity and a no observed adverse effect level greater than 1000 mg/kg/day. A statistically significant decrease in bodyweight and food intake in Xanthigen® treated groups was attributed to the weight loss property of Xanthigen®. Overall, Xanthigen® shows no significant mutagenic or toxic effects.

Nutritional Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil in Diet

Nutritional Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil in Diet

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of fatty oil isolated by supercritical fluid extraction from microwave pretreated seeds of wild growing Punica granatum L.

Pomegranate seeds are an excellent source of compounds with biological activity. In the present study, the pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was tested for antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. PSO was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction with previous treatment of seeds by microwaves and analysed for its fatty acid profile, carotenoid and tocopherol contents. PSO demonstrated to be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (83.5%), followed by monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) (9.5% and 7.0%, respectively). Concerning fatty acid profile, punicic (C18:3), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids were the predominant ones. Carotenoids and tocopherols were identified and quantified by HPLC. Results showed that the PSO was a good source of γ- tocopherol as dominant among investigated compounds (128.6mg/100g). The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity using α-TEAC assay. Cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT test against malignant HeLa, LS174 and A549 cells (IC50=49.51–91.54μg/mL), and against normal MRC-5 and EA.hy926 cells (IC50>200μg/mL). The best effect was exhibited on cervix adenocarcinoma cell line while no cytotoxicity was found for normal cells pointing out PSO safety.

Stimulation of liver IGF-1 expression promotes peak bone mass achievement in growing rats: a study with pomegranate seed oil

Peak bone mass (PBM) achieved at adulthood is a strong determinant of future onset of osteoporosis, and maximizing it is one of the strategies to combat the disease. Recently, pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has been shown to have bone-sparing effect in ovariectomized mice. However, its effect on growing skeleton and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PSO on PBM in growing rats and associated mechanism of action. PSO was given at various doses to 21-day-old growing rats for 90 days by oral gavage. The changes in bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to analyze the levels of serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1). Western blotting from bone and liver tissues was done. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to study the histone acetylation levels at IGF-1 gene. The results of the study show that PSO treatment significantly increases bone length, bone formation rate, biomechanical parameters, bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture along with enhancing muscle and brown fat mass. This effect was due to the increased serum levels of IGF-1 and stimulation of its signaling in the bones. Studies focusing on acetylation of histones in the liver, the major site of IGF-1 synthesis, showed enrichment of acetylated H3K9 and H3K14 at IGF-1 gene promoter and body. Further, the increased acetylation at H3K9 and H3K14 was associated with a reduced HDAC1 protein level. Together, our data suggest that PSO promotes the PBM achievement via increased IGF-1 expression in liver and IGF-1 signaling in bone.

Formulation and characterization of novel nanostructured lipid carriers made from beeswax, propolis wax and pomegranate seed oil

The objective of this study was to develop functional nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using beeswax (BW), propolis wax (PW) and pomegranate seed oil (PSO). NLCs were prepared by a melt emulsification-ultra sonication technique. The influences of solid lipid composition, surfactant blend concentration (2, 4, and 6% of formulation) and PSO content (10, 30 and 50% of total lipid phase) were investigated. Statistical evaluations revealed that the formulation variables had significant effects on physical properties of NLC. The developed nanocarriers presented particle sizes ranging from 71 to 366 nm, leading to excellent physical stability. The optimum formulations with minimum particle size and high zeta potential value were PW and BW + glycerol behenate samples, containing 10% oil and 6% surfactant. DSC and XRD studies indicated that the addition of oil to the lipid phase could disturb the crystalline order and form lattice defects. TEM observations exhibited spherical morphology of the NLCs.

Optimization of an Aqueous Extraction Process for Pomegranate Seed Oil

AbstractResponse surface methodology employing a five‐level, four‐variable central composite rotatable design was applied to study the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, pH and water/solid ratio on the extraction yield of pomegranate seed oil using an aqueous extraction approach. In addition, quality indices, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of the obtained oil were studied and compared with those of typical hexane‐, cold press‐ and hot press‐extracted oil. Aqueous extraction resulted in the maximum oil recovery of 19.3% (w/w), obtained under the following critical values: water/solid ratio (2.2:1.0, mL/g), pH 5.0, extraction temperature = 63 °C and extraction time = 375 min. This yield is lower than that obtained via hexane extraction (26.8%, w/w) and higher than the yields from cold press (7.0%, w/w) and hot press (8.6%, w/w) extraction. A comparison of the characteristics of the oils based on extraction method revealed that the unsaturated fatty acid content was highest for the oil obtained by aqueous extraction. In addition, higher levels of iodine and peroxide and lower levels of acid, p‐anisidine and unsaponifiable matter were observed. The oil obtained with aqueous extraction also exhibited higher antioxidant activity than oils obtained by hexane or hot press extraction.

Pomegranate seed oil organogels structured by propolis wax, beeswax, and their mixture

The capability of propolis wax, beeswax, and their mixture to gel pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was studied. Samples were prepared increasing the concentration of waxes in pomegranate seed oil from 5 to 15% w/w. After propolis wax, beeswax, and PSO chemical characterization, thermal, and structural properties of wax‐based organogels were studied. Both propolis wax and beeswax formed organogel thanks to the presence of crystal networks made of needle‐like β′‐form crystals. Based on FTIR spectroscopy, mainly van der Waals interactions were formed in the systems. Propolis wax organogels displayed lower firmness and G′ and G″ modulus in comparison to the corresponding beeswax samples. This was due to the presence of larger crystals with a less organized network. The observed behaviors were attributed to differences in chemical composition between these two types of waxes. The combined use of propolis wax and beeswax led to organogels with behavior in between the organogels with single waxes, probably as a consequence of the formation of mixed crystals.Practical applications: Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) with considerable amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be convert into structured systems by oil gelation as a novel strategy to delivery it in a system that allows its incorporation in the food matrix. The obtain data acquired in this research highlight that propolis and bees waxes and their mixture can be considered as good gelators of PSO. The final structure of the organogel can be tailored by selecting the organogelator and its concentration in the use of fat based alternative in food products need β′‐form crystals such as spreads and margarines.The aim of the present research is to develop pomegranate seed oil (PSO) organogels by using beeswax, propolis wax, and their mixture. Organogels are characterized by using different techniques, including polarized light microscopy (PLM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, DSC analysis, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, rheology, and mechanical properties. In accordance with findings, both propolis and bees waxes can be considered as good gelators of PSO. Depending on intended food application, the final structure of the organogel can be tailored by selecting the organogelator and its concentration.

Potential Application of Nanoemulsions for Skin Delivery of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols.

Pomegranate peel and seeds have demonstrated to possess antioxidant compounds with potential application to protect the skin against the ultraviolet radiation damage. However, the photoprotection activity is dependent on the amount of these compounds that reach the viable skin layers. In this paper, we describe the in vitro skin permeation and retention of the major pomegranate peel polyphenols using Franz diffusion cells, after entrapping a ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Punica granatum peel extract into nanoemulsions (NEs) prepared with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) or medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT). The in vitro skin permeation of gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and punicalagin (PC) was evaluated using a HPLC-DAD validated method. After 8h of skin permeation, all polyphenol compounds were mostly retained in the skin and did not reach the receptor compartment. However, a 2.2-fold enhancement of the retained amount of gallic acid in the stratum corneum was verified after EAF-loaded NEs are applied, when compared with the free EAF. GA and EA were delivered to the viable epidermis and dermis only when nanoemulsions were applied onto the skin. The mean retained amounts of GA and EA in the EP and DE after applying the EAF-loaded PSO-NE were 1.78 and 1.36μgcm-2 and 1.10 and 0.97μgcm-2, respectively. Similar values were obtained after applying the EAF-loaded MCT-NE. The skin permeation results were supported by the confocal microscopy images. These results evidenced the promising application of nanoemulsions to deliver the pomegranate polyphenols into the deeper skin layers.

Effects of pomegranate seed oil on oxidant/antioxidant balance in heart and kidney homogenates and mitochondria of diabetic rats and high glucose-treated H9c2 cell line.

Oxidative stress is a major cause of diabetes complications. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO) on diabetes-induced changes in oxidant/antioxidant balance of the kidney, heart and mitochondria from rats and H9c2 cell line. In these in vivo and in vitro studies, male rats were divided into four groups (twelve each): group 1 served as control, group 2-4 received a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p), groups 3 and 4 received PSO (0.36 and 0.72 mg/kg/daily, gavage), respectively. After three weeks, six rats of each group and one week later the remaining animals were anaesthetized and the hearts and kidneys were removed and homogenized. Mitochondrial fractions were separated and enzyme activities were measured in each sample. H9c2 cells were pretreated with high levels of glucose (35 mM), and then, incubated with PSO. Finally, cell viability test, reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Significant reduction in enzymes activity (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione S-transferase and Paraoxonase 1), compensatory elevation in Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase activity followed by reduction after one week and significant elevation in Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were observed in diabetic group. PSO treatment resulted in a significant increase in enzymes activity and decreased OSI values compared to diabetic group in both tissue and mitochondrial fractions. PSO remarkably decreased glucose-induced toxicity, ROS level and lipid peroxidation in H9c2 cells. Results suggested that PSO has a protective effect against diabetes-induced alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance in tissues, mitochondrial and H9c2 cell line.

Pomegranate Consumption and Blood Pressure: A Review.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a polyphenol-rich fruit with diverse medicinal properties. Several lines of experimental and clinical evidence have shown that pomegranate intake helps lowering blood pressure (BP) through different mechanisms. This study aimed to present a narrative review on the anti-hypertensive properties of different parts of pomegranate such as pomegranate juice (PJ), pomegranate peels (PP), pomegranate seed oil (PSO), pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) and the mechanisms and phytochemicals responsible for these effects. A review on the efficacy of consuming different parts of pomegranate (juice, peels, fruit extract and seed oil) in lowering BP has been performed. To find relevant studies, a search in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus up from inception to May 4, 2015 was performed. Human, animals and in vitro studies investigating the anti-hypertensive effects of pomegranate were included in the search. Findings arising from animal and clinical studies have shown pomegranate juice can reduce BP in both short-term and long-term course. These effects are accompanied by antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic actions that collectively improve cardiovascular health. The anti-hypertensive effects have been reported for both pomegranate juice and seed oil. Both systolic and diastolic pressures are affected. Pomegranate juice possesses antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic properties.

Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Certain Food Spoilage Microorganisms and its Role in Shelf Life of Cream.

This study aims to investigate the effect of pomegranate seed oil on the quality of cream during cold storage ( 4oC). Cream was divided into four equal portions, the first portion with no additives served as a control. For the other three portions, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of pomegranate seed oils were added individually to each portion of cream. The cream was then stored in refrigerator (4oC) to 45 days. Results showed that the total soluble solids, fat and protein of sour cream increased with the increase of the added pomegranate seed oil, but the carbohydrate content was decreased . The results also reveal that the use of cream containing pomegranate seed oil (PSO) led to increase the peroxide value and refractive index during cold storage. This was more remarkable in cream containing pomegranate seed oil at the higher level of concentration (1.5%). The same data showed that the peroxide values gradually increased, while iodine values showed gradual decrease during cold storage . The main fatty acid of pomegranate seed oil identified by GC was punicic acid (84.59%). The saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 6.33, 5.8 and 87.87 % respectively.Antimicrobial effect of different concentration of pomegranate seed oil were studied on four bacteria (E. coli , S. aureus , B. cereus and Salmonella typhimurium) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) . Results indicated that the higher antimicrobial effect was detected against yeast and mold ( from 20-23 mm). Also , data showed that cream samples fortified with different concentration of pomegranate seed oil were free of libolytic bacteria and yeast & mold, compared to control (fresh cream) till one month. Higher scores for organoleptic attributes were achieved for cream containing 0.5% pomegranate seed oil till 30 days . It could be seen that pomegranate seed oil can reduce the oxidative degradation of fatty substances as well as to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms.

Role Of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO) Against Hepatotoxicity Induced By Sodium Fluoride In Adult Female Rats (Part II)

تم تصميم هذا العمل لتقييم التأثيرات الكبدية لزيت بذور الرمان (PSO) ضد السمية الناجمة عن فلوريد الصوديوم (SF) في الفئران الأنثوية البالغة. تم تقسيم عشرون فئران إلى أربع مجموعات متساوية وتم علاجها يوميًا لمدة 40 يومًا على النحو التالي: المجموعة C كانت تدار بماء الصنبور وكانت بمثابة عنصر تحكم ، المجموعة T1: تلقت فلوريد الصوديوم (120 مجم / لتر) في مياه شرب الصنبور ، المجموعة T2: حصلت على كل من الصوديوم الفلورايد (120 مجم / لتر) في مياه الشرب والمدار عن طريق الفم pometone (PSO) 30mg / kg BW والمجموعة T3: تدار PSO 30mg / kg BW عن طريق الفم. تم جمع عينات من صيام الدم في 0 و 20 و 40 يومًا لتقدير بعض المعلمات البيوكيميائية والعلامات الحيوية المؤكسدة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تم أخذ أقسام من الكبد في نهاية التجربة لدراسة التشريح المرضي. أوضحت النتائج أن المجموعة التي عولجت بـ SF تسببت في زيادة ملحوظة في نشاط الأمينات الناقلة للمصل (ALT و AST) ، والكوليسترول الكلي ، وتركيزات البيليروبين الكلية والبيروكسينيتريت ، بينما كان تركيز GSH انخفاضًا كبيرًا. تسبب PSO في تخفيف اختلال وظيفي الكبد الناجم عن فلوريد الصوديوم الذي تجلى من خلال الارتفاع الكبير لتركيز GSH ، بالإضافة إلى انخفاض كبير في نشاط الترانساميناسات في المصل ، والكوليسترول الكلي ، وتركيزات الجذر البيليروبين البيروكسينيت الكلي. في المقابل ، أعادت إدارة PSO (المجموعة T3) معظم هذه المعلمات تقريبًا إلى المستويات العادية أو الأدنى. وعلاوة على ذلك ، أظهر الفحص الهستوبولوجي لأنسجة الكبد في المجموعة T1 تجميع الخلايا أحادية النواة (MNCs) ، وانتشار خلايا الكبد ، تتكون قطرة الدهون السيتوبلازمية والآفة الحبيبية من تجمع البلاعم والخلايا اللمفاوية. تم تعديل كل هذه التعديلات في الأنسجة الكبد عن طريق علاج الفئران مع PSO. ولم يبلغ عن أي آفة مرضية واضحة في المجموعة T3 تلقى PSO. في الختام ، وثقت هذه الدراسة التأثير المفيد لل PSO ضد الآثار الضارة لل SF على وظائف الكبد من الإناث البالغات.

Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against H2O2 -induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.

It has been well documented that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate probable protective effects of PSO against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The cells were pretreated 24 hr with PSO 1 hr before exposure to 200 µM H2O2. Cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured by fluorimetric methods. H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability which was accompanied by an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decline in superoxide dismutase activity. Pretreatment with PSO increased viability of cardiomyocytes and decrease the elevated ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Also, PSO was able to restore superoxide dismutase activity. PSO has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes and can be considered as a natural cardioprotective agent to prevent cardiovascular diseases.