Pomegranate Rind Research Articles

Harnessing pomegranate rind waste to develop novel bioactive packaging films using citric acid crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch-based polymer matrix

Harnessing pomegranate rind waste to develop novel bioactive packaging films using citric acid crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch-based polymer matrix

Number of Erythrocytes in Male Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke After Treatment with Ethanol Extract of Red Pomegranate Peel (Punica ganatu)

Plant extracts have the potential to serve as natural therapeutic agents that can counteract the negative effects of various toxins, including those found in cigarette smoke. One such plant with this potential is the red pomegranate (Punica granatum). This study aims to determine the effect of administering Red Pomegranate (Punica ganatum) peel extract on the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels in white mice exposed to cigarette smoke. This type of research is experimental laboratory post test only group design. Mice were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely: P0, control group, test animals treated with distilled water; treatment groups P1, P2 and P3, which were treated with neem leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 10 each; 20; 40 mg/head/day and mice were exposed to cigarette smoke. The research results showed that the higher the extract given, the higher the HB and erythrocyte levels. From this research it can be concluded that administration of Red Pomegranate rind extract can increase the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels but it is not significant (p>0.05). The contribution of this research provides important data on the interaction between toxins (in this case, cigarette smoke) and protective agents (red pomegranate peel ethanol extract). This information is valuable in the fields of toxicology and pharmacology for understanding cellular protection mechanisms and potential new treatments.

Modified agricultural waste adsorbent for zinc ions removal from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics investigation

The current research signifies potential bio sorbent (banana and Pomegranate peel) With a view for zinc ions adsorption as of aqueous solution. Mass, zinc ion concentration, pH, time, and temperature parameters were examined. The highly beneficial requirements for zinc ion adsorption are 10 ppm as preliminary concentration, 0.21 g as pomegranate and banana rinds dosage and 5.5, 5.23 as pH for banana and Pomegranate rind. Elimination results follow the Langmuir replica with qmax of 25.64 mg/g for banana and 41.66 mg/g for Pomegranate rind. The elimination process kinetic was equipped well via second -order equivalence. It was examined that the zinc ion adsorption procedure on both bio sorbents is instinctive procedure, endothermal for banana and pomegranate rind. A distinctive enhancement in the adsorptive shell was observed once the adsorption procedure that revealed through scanning electron microscope.

Gut microbiota and D-ribose mediate the anti-colitic effect of punicalagin in DSS-treated mice.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasing health burden worldwide. Punicalagin, a bioactive component rich in pomegranate rind, has been shown to attenuate chemical or bacteria-induced experimental colitis in mice, but whether punicalagin exerts its function through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites remains unexplored. Results: Punicalagin (100 mg per kg per day) administered orally to mice alleviated dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Gut microbiota analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing showed that punicalagin altered gut microbiota by increasing the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bifidobacterium abundance. To evaluate the effect of punicalagin-modulated microbiota and its metabolites in colitis mice, we transplanted fecal microbiota and sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) to mice treated with oral antibiotics. The results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated that punicalagin's anti-colitic effect is transferable by transplanting punicalagin-modulated gut microbiota and its metabolites. Additionally, we discovered that punicalagin-modulated sterile fecal filtrate also exhibits anti-colitis effects, as evidenced by improved intestinal barrier integrity and decreased inflammation. Subsequently, fecal metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The analysis revealed that punicalagin significantly increased the level of D-ribose. In vitro experiments showed that D-ribose has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, D-ribose significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in mice. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrated that gut microbiota and its metabolites partly mediate the protective effect of punicalagin against DSS-induced colitis in mice. D-ribose is a key metabolite that contributes to the anti-colitic effect of punicalagin in mice.

Application of Pomegranate Rind Extract for Improvement of Functional Properties of Various Materials—A Critical Review

Application of Pomegranate Rind Extract for Improvement of Functional Properties of Various Materials—A Critical Review

Phytochemical investigations of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) rind extracts and their antibacterial activity

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an ancient fruit rich in phytochemical bioactive compounds. Punica granatum L belonging to the family Punicaceae is described as an ingredient in remedies and is a widely used plant having medicinal properties. Having served as a symbolic fruit since ancient times, pomegranate (Punica granatum L) gained considerable recognition as a functional food in the modern era. Present study reports the phytochemical analysis which has been carried out on the peel (rind) extract. Rind of pomegranate (Punica granatum) was extracted using Methanol as solvents. Phytochemical investigations included qualitative detection of phytochemicals .This phytochemical investigation results shows the presence of phenols , tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, steroids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids in Methanol extracts.The antibacterial activity of extracts were also evaluated by agar diffusion method against Staph aureus, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methanolic extracts of pomegranate rind was most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staph.aureus showing 22 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition followed by Ethanolic extract against Staph.aureus with 19 mm diameter of zone of inhibition followed by E.coli with 21 mm diameter of zone of inhibition by methanol extract and 17 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition by ethanol extract. Work is under progress on new emerging AI technologies for detailed analysis of phyto-chemicals in Punica granatum rind. AI provides new approaches for screening the main components and pathways of single herb or prescriptions, and predicting the mechanism of action.

Regulating microsomal triglyceride transfer protein with natural products for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia

Hyperlipidaemia, characterised by elevated levels of lipids, particularly LDL-C, is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While synthetic inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) have shown potential in lowering LDL-C, they are associated with adverse effects. This study explores a novel approach by screening natural products to identify plant extracts that down-regulate MTP gene expression, aiming to reduce hyperlipidaemia with fewer side effects. Modulating MTP expression, rather than direct inhibition, offers a promising avenue for lowering plasma lipids and mitigating cardiovascular risk. Various plant extracts were examined for their potential as MTP down-regulators, with Liquorice root and Pomegranate rind extracts demonstrating the highest efficacy. Additionally, the study assessed the total phenolic content of these extracts, revealing their ­antioxidant capacity. This research provides a foundation for further investigation into bioactive molecules as potential anti-hyperlipidemic agents with improved safety profiles, addressing a critical need in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Sustainable Chitosan Biomordant Dyeing and Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics Using Pomegranate Rind and Onion Peel Extracts

ABSTRACTA sustainable one-bath dyeing and functionalization process of cotton fabrics with pomegranate rind and onion peel extract using chitosan (CS) biomordant was investigated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify the presence of the main colorants, ellagic acid and quercetin, in the prepared extracts of pomegranate rind and onion peel. CS mordanting improved the color strength and wash fastness of pomegranate rind and onion peel dyed fabric by up to 36% and half a rating point, respectively. CS significantly enhanced the UV protection (UPF 50+) and antimicrobial activity (ranges from 93.8 to 99.9%) of dyed fabric. Chitosan mordanting improved the bending rigidity and compression recovery of the cotton fabric, but it also reduced the handle and flexibility of the treated fabrics owing to the formation of CS layer on the cotton fabrics. The dyed fabric also showed remarkable deodorizing (above 80%) and antioxidant (above 90%) properties. Overall, the proposed process could be a sustainable and economical alternative to the conventional metal mordant process.

Dyeing of silk with extract from Coreopsis tinctoria

Purpose This study aims to dye silk with natural pigments extract of Coreopsis tinctoria, by treating the fabrics with appropriate mordant under suitable dyeing conditions, to achieve good dyeing depth, fastness and ultraviolet (UV) protection. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, single factor experiments were used to determine the basic dyeing conditions of Coreopsis tinctoria. The optimal process conditions for direct dyeing were determined through orthogonal experiments. After that, the dyeing with mordant was used. Based on the previously determined optimal process conditions, silk fabrics were dyed with different mordanting methods, with different mordants and mordant dosages. The dyeing results were compared, in terms of the K/S values of the dyed fabrics, to determine the most appropriate dyeing conditions with mordant. Findings The extract of Coreopsis tinctoria can dye silk fabrics satisfactorily. Good dyeing depth and fastness can be obtained by using suitable dyeing methods and dyeing conditions, especially when using the natural mordant pomegranate rind and the rare earth mordant neodymium oxide. The silk fabrics dyed with Coreopsis tinctoria have good UV resistance, which allows a desirable finishing effect to be achieved while dyeing, using a safe and environmentally friendly method. Research limitations/implications The composition of Coreopsis tinctoria is complex, and the specific composition of colouring the silk fibre has not been determined. There are many factors that affect the dyeing experiment, which have an impact on the experimental results. Practical implications The results of this study may help expand the application of Coreopsis tinctoria beyond medicine. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first report on dyeing silk with the extract of Coreopsis tinctoria achieving good dyeing results. Its depth of staining and staining fastness were satisfactory. Optimum dyeing method and dyeing conditions have been identified. The fabric dyed with Coreopsis tinctoria has good UV protection effect, which is conducive to improving the application value of the dyeing fabric. The findings help offer a new direction for the application of medicinal plants in the eco-friendly dyeing of silk.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peels, Rinds, and Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence for ellagic acid detection based on surface structure of gold nanoparticles.

Ellagic acid (EA), as a natural polyphenolic acid, is considered a naturally occurring inhibitor of carcinogenesis. Herein, we developed a plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) probe for EA detection based on silica-coated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A silica shell was designed to control the distance between silica quantum dots (Si QDs) and Au NPs. The experimental results indicated that an 8.8-fold fluorescence enhancement was obtained compared with the original Si QDs. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations further demonstrated that the local electric field enhancement around Au NPs led to the fluorescence enhancement. In addition, the fluorescent sensor was applied for the sensitive detection of EA with a detection limit of 0.14μM. It can be used to detect EA in pomegranate rind with a recovery rate of 100.26-107.93%. It can also be applied to the analysis of other substances by changing the identification substances. These experimental results indicated that the probe provides a good option for clinical analysis and food safety.

Potential profound fluctuation in tacrolimus concentration on consumption of pomegranate rind extract: A Pharmacokinetic Experiment.

Background: Presently, varied case reports demonstrated an increase or decrease in blood concentration of diverse conventional drugs, often co-administered with edible fruits, spices, or vegetables. The overarching aim of this research is to elucidate the fluctuations in tacrolimus (TAC) blood concentration on the consumption of pomegranate rind extract (PRE). Methods: A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted with two groups, vis-a-vis PRE + TAC (3mg/kg) and TAC (3mg/kg) alone groups. An experimental study was conducted in three different manners: Single-dose (S) PRE (200mg/kg), 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200mg/kg) dosing, and multiple (M) PRE doses (100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg). All the blood samples (approximately 300μl) were drawn at different time intervals, i.e., 30min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12h after oral administration of TAC (3mg/kg). The estimation of TAC in rat plasma was done using the hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS where the mass spectrometer used was a triple-stage quadrupole in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results: The findings depict that in comparison with the TAC (3mg/kg) alone group with the 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200mg/kg) dosing, the Cmax was found to be 9.03 ± 1.21ng/ml; AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), 61.91 ± 17.37ngh/ml, while the TAC (3mg/kg) + PRE group exhibited an increase in PK parameters of TAC (Cmax 22.48 ± 3.07ng/ml; AUC0-∞ 153.08 ± 13.24ngh/ml). The authors further investigated in what manner the PRE affects the PK of TAC in animals. For this, docking studies with major phytoconstituents present in the PRE with CYP3A4 isoenzyme were carried out. Ellagitannins (dock score, -11.64) and punicalagin (dock score, -10.68) were again used for molecular simulation studies with TAC. To validate our findings, a CYP3A4 inhibitory in vitro assay was conducted. Conclusion: Based on the integrated in vivo and in silico studies, we concluded that pomegranate rind extract interacts strongly with CYP isoenzyme and is therefore responsible for the altered PK profile of TAC.

Sustainable biomass as green and efficient crosslinkers of collagen: Case of by-products from six pomegranate varieties with global commercial interest in Morocco

Chrome tanning is the most common method used to produce leather, but its environmental and health impacts have necessitated the search for alternatives that have proved to be challenging. The circular economy, which uses biomasses to reduce and recover waste, is seen as a potential solution. In Morocco, fruit waste produced by juice processing industries is an untapped source of tannins that could replace chrome tanning in a more sustainable manner. In this study, a new eco-friendly tanning method based on vegetable biomass has been developed to reduce chromium-related environmental pollution and enhance leather performance. Tanning activities of extracts from six Moroccan pomegranate rind (PR) varieties were investigated, by studying their crosslinking with the insoluble collagen (IC) extracted from a sheep hide, under industrial tanning conditions. Herein, molecular distribution of crosslinkers extracts were carried out using gel exclusion chromatography to follow polymerization degree and crosslinking kinetics during tanning process. Between linear and logarithmic profiles, tannins and phenolics behave differently during the crosslinking depending on their molecular weight. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy exhibits the existence of inter and intramolecular interaction between IC functional groups and extract. X-Ray Diffraction analysis shows the influence of crosslinkers extracts into the triple helix structure of collagen. Scanning Electron Microscopy observations shows the fibrial size variations of crosslinked collagenous structure by varying the extract variety. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and thermogravimetric measurements revealed that the thermal stabilities were affected by the extracts varieties origins. Theoretical studies using Gaussian was used as a complementally tool to compare the reactivity and the stability of the major molecules that contributes in the crosslinking process. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine correlations between the crosslinked IC and PR extracts' analyzed properties. The data set's dimension was reduced to two components via PCA, which accounted for 69.79% of the observed variability.

Dyeing of polyamide 6 fabric with new bio-colorant and bio-mordants.

The present study investigates the natural dyeing of nylon fabric using the dragon's blood resin extract. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process variables including pH (3-9), temperature (50-100°C), concentration (10-50%owf), and time (30-90min). From a visual point of view, diverse eco-friendly shades with a rather diverse color gamut of varied hue and tone were generated by applying a wide range of natural and eco-label mordants. The impact of 4 bio-mordants (including peppermint, mugworts (Artemisia), Dorema ammoniacum (DA) gum, and pomegranate rind), as well as 4 mineral mordants (alum, copper (II) sulfate, potassium dichromate, and iron (II) sulfate) on the color and fastness properties of the dyed nylon samples, was assessed. The concentration of the used mordants was 5%owf, and the dyeing experiments were conducted by applying the pre-mordanting technique. Measurement of the color strength (K/S) of the dyed fabric was done using a reflectance spectrophotometer. The dyed nylon fastness qualities and the colorimetric characteristics were then evaluated by applying the related standards. The results showed that the optimum conditions for obtaining the highest color strength were dye concentration = 50%owf, pH = 6, temperature = 100°C, and dyeing tome = 60min. The proposed ISO standards in relation to colorfastness displayed acceptable ratings for the color strength of dragon's blood resin dyed fabric while its treatment was done by applying bio-mordants in comparison to its metallic counterparts. Therefore, dragon's blood resin could be regarded as a promising eco-friendly natural colorant source for the purpose of sustainable nylon dyeing.

Potential of Different Nitrification Inhibitors on Growth of Late Sown Cauliflower Var. Pusa Snowball K-1 and Behavior of Soil NH4+ and NO3- in Typic Eutrochrept Under Mid Hills of NW Himalayas

ABSTRACT Towering losses of applied N in the region lead this study to identify the best potent nitrification inhibitors in late sown cauliflower (Pusa Snowball K-1), which could be easily available and eco-friendly. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2018–19 & 2019–20) with different inhibitors doses supplemented with NPK fertilizer and farmyard manure in CRBD with 3 replications. Results showed that application of recommended dose of fertilizer [N, P & K (125:76:72 kg ha-1)] with inhibitor neem cake (20 g/kg soil) +FYM (250 q/ha) recorded highest nitrogen uptake (92 & 98.9 kg ha-1) for both years, results were comparable to CaC2 treatment (89.4 & 94.7 kg ha-1). Highest nitrogen content in cauliflower with values 7.52 and 7.65%, plant height of 68.43 and 68.90 cm was observed with NPK+ neem cake @20 g/kg soil with statistical significance among all. Regarding growth, increased polar (14.51 & 16.08 cm) and equatorial diameter (17.95 & 18.21 cm) with highest leaf count of 21.42 & 21.96 in 2018–19 & 19–20, respectively were recorded under neem cake. Besides neem cake, melia @ 20 g/kg soil improved growth and lowered the levels of soil nitrate i.e. 42.93 and 40.31 kg/ha where highest i.e. 55.61&51.29 kg/ha were recorded in Pomegranate rind @10 g/kg soil and proved a better inhibitor. Nitrate levels have been decreased in 2019–20 as compared to 2018–19. Therefore, two years of open field research identified neem cake and melia as prominent and potent nitrification inhibitors for cauliflower under mid hilly conditions.

Synergistic activity of pomegranate rind extract and Zn (II) against Candida albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, and a mechanistic insight based upon intracellular ROS induction

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes superficial infection and can lead to mortal systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of C. albicans infections is increasing and there are a limited number of antifungal drugs used in treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new and alternative antifungal drugs. Pomegranate rind extract (PRE) is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, including against C. albicans and recently, PRE and Zn (II) have been shown to induce synergistic antimicrobial activity against various microbes. In this study, the inhibitory activities of PRE, Zn (II) and PRE in combination with Zn (II) were evaluated against C. albicans. Antifungal activities of PRE and Zn (II) were evaluated using conventional microdilution methods and the interaction between these compounds was assessed by in vitro checkerboard and time kill assays in planktonic cultures. The anti-biofilm activities of PRE, Zn (II) and PRE in combination with Zn (II) were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, with quantitative analysis of biofilm biomass and mean thickness analysed using COMSTAT2 analysis. In addition, antimicrobial interactions between PRE and Zn (II) were assayed in terms reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by C. albicans. PRE and Zn (II) showed a potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, with MIC values of 4 mg/mL and 1.8 mg/mL, respectively. PRE and Zn (II) in combination exerted a synergistic antifungal effect, as confirmed by the checkerboard and time kill assays. PRE, Zn (II) and PRE and Zn (II) in combination gave rise to significant reductions in biofilm biomass, although only PRE caused a significant reduction in mean biofilm thickness. The PRE and Zn (II) in combination caused the highest levels of ROS production by C. albicans, in both planktonic and biofilm forms. The induction of excess ROS accumulation in C. albicans may help explain the synergistic activity of PRE and Zn (II) in combination against C. albicans in both planktonic and biofilm forms. Moreover, the data support the potential of the PRE and Zn (II) combination as a novel potential anti-Candida therapeutic system.

Coloration and multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics using different combinations of aqueous natural plant extracts of onion peel, turmeric root, and pomegranate rind

Increasing popular interest in health and hygiene has amplified the demand for natural plant-based extracts in textile applications. To enable functionalization, aqueous extracts of natural plant parts, specifically onion peel, turmeric root, and pomegranate rind in combination, were applied to cotton fabric by exhaustion, and their antimicrobial activity, UV blocking properties, antioxidant activity, and color properties were investigated. UV–visible spectroscopy was performed to confirm the presence of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, curcumin, and tannins in onion peel, turmeric root, and pomegranate rind extracts, respectively. The functional properties of the extracts differed owing to their different chemical structures and bioactivities. A synergistic effect of the pomegranate rind extract with onion peel and turmeric root on antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and UV protection performance was observed. The relatively poor color properties of the pomegranate rind and onion peel extracts were considerably enhanced by the addition of turmeric root extract primarily containing an intense yellow colorant, curcumin. All treated fabrics had yellow hues, and their color fastness ranged from moderate to excellent. The aqueous natural plant extract combinations of onion peel, turmeric root, and pomegranate rind could be an innovative approach to improve dyeing and functional properties in sustainable textile applications.

Response surface methodology driven ultrasonic-assisted extraction of ellagitannins from pomegranate rind: optimization of parameters and in silico molecular interaction with catalase

Response surface methodology driven ultrasonic-assisted extraction of ellagitannins from pomegranate rind: optimization of parameters and in silico molecular interaction with catalase

Physico-chemical parameters and antioxidant activity of baked product fortified with fruit waste powder

Fruit wastes are naturally enriched with vitamins, minerals and other bioactive compounds. Compelling evidences justify and designate peels and relative extracts of numerous fruits as nutraceuticals and functional food. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind is known as a good source of biologically active food components, and in this paper thepotential use of pomegranate rind powder in cookies was studied. Cookies were produced by substituting 8, 16, 23, 31, and 39% of wheat flour with pomegranate rind powder. Chemical parameters (total acidity, ash, total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant activity (using ABTS method), were evaluated in cookies through the comparison to the control sample with no added pomegranate rind powder. Total ash content increased from 0.65% for cookies S0 (0% PoR) to 1.57% for sample S5 (39% PoR), while moisture content decreased from 6.65% to 4.86% for sample S0 and S5 respectively. Total phenolic content ranged from 294.67 mgGAE/100g to 2180.6 mgGAE/100g and flavonoid content from 118.8 mgCE/100g to 1088 mgCE/100g for S1 (8%) and S5 (39%), respectively. All cookies supplemented with PoR powder exhibited higher total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities compare to control sample.