Pomegranate Pulp Research Articles

Mitigating Adverse Effects of Lead Acetate on Nile Tilapia Health through Pomegranate Pulp inclusion: Growth, Morphology, Flesh Quality, Antioxidant Responses, Gene Expression, and Apoptosis

Mitigating Adverse Effects of Lead Acetate on Nile Tilapia Health through Pomegranate Pulp inclusion: Growth, Morphology, Flesh Quality, Antioxidant Responses, Gene Expression, and Apoptosis

Feeding pomegranate pulp to Ghezel lambs for enhanced productivity and meat quality

Agrifood by-products contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be used in the diets of livestock – thereby value-adding to an otherwise waste product of environmental and economic significance. This study investigated the effect of dietary pomegranate pulp in the total mixed ration of Ghezel lambs, evaluating its effect on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass traits, as well as meat quality and shelf life. 3-month-old Ghezel lambs (individually housed, n = 8) were randomly assigned to be either non-supplemented (control) or supplemented with 100 g/kg DM of sun-dried pomegranate pulp for 28 days, post-adjustment. Results showed that supplementation of lamb diets with pomegranate pulp significantly increased liveweight and average daily gains, while not significantly affecting dry matter intake. Lamb serum urea and alkaline phosphatase concentrations and hot carcass weight were increased with pomegranate pulp supplementation. Compared to control lambs, the meat from lambs fed the supplemented diet had higher concentrations of intramuscular fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid, total unsaturated fatty acid, and meat phenolic compounds. Pomegranate pulp supplemented lambs also had a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids; and produced liver tissue with less fat and ash contents. Meat oxidative status (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and quality (water holding capacity, colour, and pH) were improved when lambs were supplemented with pomegranate pulp. These findings demonstrate that using pomegranate pulp as a feed for Ghezel lambs has advantageous effects on animal performance and meat quality, offering valorisation of an agrifood by-product.

Genomic Sequence Resource of Talaromyces albobiverticillius, the Causative Pathogen of Pomegranate Pulp Rot Disease.

Talaromyces albobiverticillius, a prominent pathogen responsible for pomegranate pulp rot disease, inflicts significant damage on Punica granatum L. Besides its pathogenicity, this fungus possesses the potential to produce substantial amounts of red pigments, making it promising for industrial applications. This study presents the genome annotation of T. albobiverticillius field strain Tp-2, isolated from pomegranates. The genome assembly, generated through a combination of Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing reads, yielded a high-quality assembly with 14 contigs, featuring an N50 length of 4,594,200 bp. The complete genome of strain Tp-2 spans 38,354,882 bp, with a GC content of 45.78%. Importantly, the assembly exhibits remarkable integrity, with 98.3% of complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs validating genome completeness. Genome prediction analysis reveals the presence of 10,380 protein-coding genes. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the genome sequence of T. albobiverticillius, offering valuable insights into its genetic variation and molecular mechanisms of pigment production.

Şeftali Posasının Bazı Meyve Posaları ile Silolanmasının Besin Madde Kompozisyonu, Enerji Değeri ve Organik Madde Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, şeftali posasının (ŞP) tek başına ve nar posası (NP), şeker pancarı posası (ŞPP) ve mandalina posasının (MP) yarı yarıya karıştırılarak yapılan silajın kimyasal kompozisyonu, hücre duvarı bileşenleri, selüloz olmayan karbonhidrat, toplam sindirilebilir besin, toplam karbonhidrat içerikleri, gaz üretimi, metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirilebilirlik derecesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. KM, HK ve HS oranı en yüksek ŞP+ŞPP grubunda ortaya çıkmıştır fakat HS oranında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. HP oranı en yüksek ŞP+MP grubunda bulunurken ortaya çıkan farkılılığın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. HY oranı en yüksek ŞP grubunda bulunmuştur. ADF, NDF ve ADL oranı en yüksek ŞP, HES oranı ise ŞP+ŞPP grubunda bulunmuştur. TSB ve NFC oranı ŞP+MP grubunda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. TK oranı en yüksek grup ŞP+ŞPP grubu olduğu görülmüştür. pH en yüksek ŞP grubunda ortaya çıkmış olsa bile gruplar arasında istatistiksel anlamda bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. GÜ, ME ve OMS oranı en yüksek ŞP+ŞPP grubunda bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak şeftali posası silajı tek başına ve diğer meyve posaları ile karıştırılarak iyi kalitede silaj elde edilebilir. Gıda sanayinde üretim sonucu ortaya çıkan posanın değerlendirilmesi, atık olarak oluşturacağı çevre kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi, ekonomik anlamda katkı sağlaması ve kaba yem kaynağı olarak kullanılması mümkün olacaktır.

Hydrothermal conversion of lignocellulosic waste to value-added biomaterial for high-performance contaminant removal: Focusing on synthesis route and uptake mechanism

In this paper, a novel carbonaceous material was successfully synthesized from lignocellulosic waste by a green conversion technology. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pulp waste (PPW) was transformed to hydrochar (PPWHC) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the key affecting factors including the holding temperature (HT; 180–220 °C) and holding time (Ht; 6–24 h) were explored. The physico-chemical, structural, functional, morphological properties were discussed by 13C NMR, BET, XRD, XPS, SEM/EDX, FT-IR, Raman, and CHNS elemental analysis. Based on the carbon content, higher heating value and energy densification values, a HT of 220 °C and Ht of 12 h were determined as optimal operational conditions. Further, PPWHC was utilized for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) in batch mode. The maximum uptake was 121.95 mg/g at 323 K. Adsorption thermodynamics parameters were calculated. Additionally, reusability studies demonstrated that PPWHC exhibited a superior removal performance for RhB after five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.

Partial replacement of forage and concentrate with pomegranate pulp (peel and seed) silage and pomegranate seed pulp in Mehraban fattening lambs: effect on performance and carcass characteristics.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of forage and concentrate with pomegranate pulp silage (PPS) and dried pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on performance, dry matter intake (DMI), and carcass characteristics of fattening Mehraban lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (mean body weight 27.0 ± 3.5kg) were fed with three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (n = 8 per diet), consisting of a control diet, a PPS diet containing 27.2% pomegranate pulp silage, and a PSP diet containing 31.4% dried pomegranate seed pulp. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum as total mixed rations for 65-day fattening period, on two meals per day, and then the growth performance, feed intake, and carcass characteristics were determined. The initial BW, final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not different among the experimental diets. The amount of DMI in PSP diet was higher than that in the control diet (P = 0.023) but was not different between the control and PPS diets. There was no significant difference among diets for carcass characteristics. Using PPS and PSP in the diets decreased (P < 0.05) the kidney fat, but had no impact on the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs. The results showed that PPS and PSP could be used to replace part of the diet for fattening lambs, while decreasing the dietary cost without having any negative effects on animal performance.

Preparation of Low Fat Probiotic Yoghurt Supplemented with Pomegranate Pomace Powder as Source of Antioxidant Dietary Fibers

The effect of fortification of low fat milk with pomegranate pomace powder on the chemical, rheological, antioxidant and sensory properties of low fat (1% fat) probiotic yoghurt was studied. Pomegranate pomace powder was added to low fat milk yoghurt at levels of 1, and 2%., low fat yoghurt was analyzed when fresh and during the passage of 5, 10 and 15 days of storage at the temperature of the refrigerator. The results showed that fortification of reduced-fat milk used in the manufacture of probiotic yoghurt significantly affected the chemical composition of the resulting yoghurt as it increased the contents of total solids, protein, ash, dietary fiber and phenolic , ​​ pH and viscosity values, and these increases were proportional to the supplementation ratio. While the values ​​of acidity and whey separation decreased as a supplementation ratio increased. Supplementation of reduced fat yoghurt with the pomegranate pomace powder improved the via­bility of probiotic starter culture. Low fat yoghurt containing 2% pomegranate pomace powder had the highest scores of the sensory evaluation was gained in the presence of 2% pomegranate pomace powder, compared to other low fat yoghurt treatments .Through the results, it can be recommended to fortify the low-fat milk used in the manufacture of yoghurt with pomegranate pulp powder by 2%, as this fortification improved the chemical, rheological, antioxidant and sensory properties of the resulting low-fat yoghurt.

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Pomegranate Byproducts in Ruminant diet

Digestibility of feeds can be measured using in vivo (direct method) and in vitro methods. The aim of this study was to measured chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dried pomegranate seed pulp and pomegranate by-products silage by gas production technique. This research was conducted in the Department of Animal Sciences, Shiraz University. The experimental diets include dried pomegranate seed pulp (DPS), pomegranate seed pulp silage (fresh pomegranate seed pulp with 2% urea; FPS), pomegranate pulp silage (mixture of same amount of peel and seed pulp with 2% urea and 3% wheat straw; PPS+U), and the same silage mixture without urea (PPS). The chemical composition (protein, fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) and volume of gas production were measured. The results showed the highest percentage of protein (23.33) and fat (16.75) were found in PPS+U and FPS, respectively. The dried pomegranate seed pulp had the maximum amount of NDF and ADF. The maximum gas production volume during 24 hours was found in dried pomegranate seed pulp. The constant gas production rate per hour (c) was not significantly different between the treatments, but other fermentation parameters were higher in DPS than other samples. In general, our results showed that DSP, despite higher amount of NDF, has higher gas production and more energy, and also the PPS+U, is an appropriated protein feed, that these two pomegranate by-products can be tested in in vivo studies by replacement for some part of the forage and concentrate in ruminant rations.

Production and Evaluation of Low-Calorie Pomegranate Juice with Sucralose

Limiting the consumption of high-calorie foods and juices of many consumers in different age to avoiding many diseases such as diabetes, obesity, tooth decay, heart diseases, and arteriosclerosis, are important issues and challenges for nutritionists and the food industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce a low-calorie pomegranate juice by replacing sucrose with sucralose at different levels. Five low-calorie pomegranate juice formulae were prepared mainly from pomegranate pulp then sweetened using sucrose and replacement with sucralose (Su) (25, 50, 75, and 100%) and evaluated the physicochemical and sensory properties of the resultant juice during storage period for 6 months at ambient temperature. The obtained results showed that the increase in the replacing levels of the sucralose led to a decrease in the total carbohydrate content and total calories. The results concluded that the use of sucralose as a replacement for sucrose at a level of 50% recorded a high score of sensory evaluation in terms of taste and general acceptance, compared with the other treatments ever after 6 months of storage at room temperature. Sensory characteristics indicated that the low calories pomegranate juice had good color, taste, mouth-feel during storage periods.

Optimization of culture conditions for production of phytase by Aspergillus niger

In this research, the environmental and nutritional factors that control the improvement of phytase enzyme production from the two highest phytase producing fungi Aspergillus niger isolate no 62 and Aspergillus terreus isolate no 24 out of 99 isolated fungi from local soil samples were studied. It was found to have the highest enzyme activity after 8 days of incubation period, temperature of 30 ° C, initial pH of 6 in case of Aspergillus niger isolate no 62 and 12 days, temperature of 25 ° C and initial pH of 6.5 in case of Aspergillus terreus isolate no 24, where It was found that these are the best environmental conditions for maximum enzyme production. The Aspergillus niger isolate no 62 was chosen as the best phytase producing fungi. By studying the effect of different nutritional factors, it was found that sucrose was the best source of carbon, giving the highest enzyme activity at an optimal concentration of 1.5% (weight / volume), and ammonium nitrate when used at a concentration of 0.6% (weight / volume) was found to be the best source of nitrogen to produce phytase enzyme. When studying the effect of different concentrations of the substrate on enzyme production, it was found that when used at a concentration of 3 g / L, the substrate showed maximum phytase production. The descending sequence of agricultural waste according to phytase production by A. niger is as follows: wheat bran> rice bran> cotton stems> broad beans> cotton stems> pomegranate pulp> pea husks.

Avaliação da Atividade Antioxidante e Características Físico-Químicas de Polpa de Romã ( Punica Granatum, L.)

Diversos vegetais têm sido estudados como fonte de antioxidantes naturais em substituição aos sintéticos. Embora muito conhecida e com muitas propriedades benéficas para a saúde, tais como antiteratogênica, antiproliferativa e ação anti-inflamatória, a romã ainda é pouco consumida no Brasil. Estudos têm relacionado a romã (Punica granatum, L) como fonte de substâncias que apresentam propriedades antioxidantes. As substâncias antioxidantes atuam retardando o envelhecimento e previnindo doenças crônicas. Também impedem os efeitos danosos dos radicais livres e a oxidação das moléculas que constituem as membranas das células. Os antioxidantes sintéticos são potencialmente carcinogênicos quando consumidos em doses elevadas e por tempo prolongado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante, em extratos etanólico e metanólico de polpa de romã Punica granatum, L, pelo método DPPH, utilizando o BHT como padrão de antioxidante sintético e, adicionalmente as características físico-químicas da polpa. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato metanólico nas concentrações de 1mg/mL e 0,1mg/mL, obtiveram um porcentual de inibição de 49,02% e 21,57 % respectivamente, o que indica um resultado muito favorável por se tratar de um extrato e não de substância isolada. Ambos os extratos apresentaram porcentagem de inibição menor que o antioxidante sinético BHT. Dos parâmetros físico-químicos encontrados para Polpa de Romã neste estudo, apenas o valor de pH, se encontra abaixo do padrão mínimo, descrito no Decreto nº 50.040/1961 os demais parâmetros estão de acordo.

Production of Bio-Based Pigments from Food Processing Industry By-Products (Apple, Pomegranate, Black Carrot, Red Beet Pulps) Using Aspergillus carbonarius.

Food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, and red beet pulps) were evaluated as raw materials in pigment production by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus carbonarius. The effect of fermentation conditions (solid and submerged-state), incubation period (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d), initial substrate pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5), and pulp particle size (<1.4, 1.4–2.0, 2–4, and >4 mm) on fungal pigment production were tested to optimize the conditions. Pigment extraction analysis carried out under solid-state fermentation conditions showed that the maximum pigment production was determined as 9.21 ± 0.59 absorbance unit at the corresponding wavelength per gram (AU/g) dry fermented mass (dfm) for pomegranate pulp (PP) by A. carbonarius for 5 d. Moreover, the highest pigment production was obtained as 61.84 ± 2.16 AU/g dfm as yellowish brown at initial pH 6.5 with < 1.4 mm of substrate particle size for 15-d incubation period. GC×GC-TOFMS results indicate that melanin could be one of the main products as a pigment. SEM images showed that melanin could localize on the conidia of A. carbonarius.

White light emission from a single plant source extract with tunable photoluminescence.

Blue, yellow and red emissions from the extract of a single plant source (pomegranate), under NUV light excitation have been reported. The blue emission (450nm) was attributed to baicalin and protein, whereas the yellow (550nm) and red (665nm) emissions were due to two kinds of anthocyanin components (A1 and A2, respectively). Both the green-to-white and yellow-to-white photoluminescences were tuned by variation of excitation wavelengths (350-400nm). This change in photoluminescence was due to the occurrence of Forster resonance energy transfer from baicalin to A1. White light emission with good CIE color coordinates (0.34, 0.33) was obtained from the pomegranate pulp extract solution (12% w/v) at excitation of 350nm. The results demonstrated that white light emission could be achieved from a single plant source, which would provide a new method for the design and fabrication of WLE with simple, green, and low-cost materials.

Dietary Pomegranate Pulp: Effect on Ewe Milk Quality during Late Lactation.

Simple SummaryThe agro-industrial by-products from the pomegranate juice industry are rich in bioactive compounds. The inclusion of such by-products in the diet of lactating ruminants could improve the health benefits of milk and its technological properties, such as the cheese-making, especially in certain conditions. For example, during late lactation when the quality of milk naturally declines or during the dry season when the availability of good-quality pasture is limited. In addition, recycling agro-industrial by-products that are not edible by humans as an ingredient of the animal diet could reduce the feed costs and the feed-to-food competition in livestock production.Pomegranate pulp, a by-product of the pomegranate juice industry, contains a remarkable quantity of bioactive compounds that can favorably affect ruminant metabolism and milk quality. The present paper investigated the effect of dietary pomegranate pulp on milk yield and quality during late lactation in grazing ewes. Twenty Comisana ewes (150 ± 10 days in milk) were subdivided into control (CTRL) and pomegranate (PP) groups. The CTRL group received a corn-barley based concentrate, while the PP group received a concentrate containing 64.8% pomegranate pulp. Dietary treatment did not affect milk yield. CTRL milk had a greater percentage of β-casein and total casein, while αs1-casein percentage tended to be greater in the PP group. The PP milk showed a lower percentage of 14:0, 16:0, but a greater percentage of vaccenic, rumenic, and α-linolenic acid. Punicic acid was detected only in the PP milk. Total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was greater in the CTRL milk as compared with the hydrophilic ORAC. Dietary pomegranate pulp increased milk health quality with no detrimental effects on milk yield. Therefore, pomegranate pulp could represent a strategy for improving milk quality and reducing feeding cost during a less profitable phases such as late lactation. Also, dietary pomegranate pulp, as an alternative to traditional feedstuffs, may lower feed-to-food competition in livestock production.

Potential benefits of phenolics from pomegranate pulp and peel in Alzheimer’s disease: antioxidant activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Oxidative stress plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease. To arrest oxidative stress, this contribution first identified and quantified phenolic bioactives present in the pulp and peel of pomegranate using high-performance liquid chromatography. Punicalagin β rendered the greatest antiradical activity as evaluated by on-line HPLC-ABTS method, which was followed by punicalagin α, gallic acid, and epicatechin. Furthermore, the scavenging activity against peroxyl and DPPH radicals, as well as the reducing power were investigated. Extracts obtained from the peel showed much higher phenolic contents and antioxidant properties than that of the pulp, hence being selected as potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme involved in the progress of Alzheimer’s disease. Phenolics from pomegranate peel showed inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which was dependent on the phenolic concentration. Therefore, pomegranate peel may be considered by the industry as a functional food ingredient and possibly for manufacturing of nutraceuticals.

Antioxidant and immune system status, plasma lipid, abdominal fat, and growth performance of broilers exposed to heat stress and fed diets supplemented with pomegranate pulp (Punica granatum L.)

ABSTRACT Pomegranate pulp (PP), an antioxidant source, is a major by-product of pomegranate processing industry. Four-hundred and forty d-old broilers were randomly allocated to eight treatments consisting of five replicates. The birds were divided into one of 2×4 factorial experiments, including two controlled housing temperatures (21°C for 24 h/d thermoneutral, TN; or 37°C for 8 h/d heat stress, HS) and four PP levels(0, 40, 70, and 100 gram PP/Kg diet). Significant interactions were observed in body weight gain, FCR and production broiler index between PP and HS at 42 d. Heat stress decreased feed intake compare to control. The interaction between HS and PP significantly affects the concentration of uric acid, malondialdehyde, the enzyme activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC; P < 0.05). The HS-birds had lower plasma protein, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) compared to TN-birds. The abdominal fat and liver percentage were significantly affected by the interactions between HS and PP(P < 0.05). The PP diets reduced the plasma concentration of cholesterol and LDL compared to the control. It is concluded that HS shows reduced performance, total protein and antioxidant status of broilers, while PP at the levels higher than 7%, improves the performance, blood cholesterol, and antioxidant status of HS-birds.

Optimisation of a process for production of pomegranate pulp and flaxseed powder fortified probiotic Greek dahi

Fortified probiotic Greek dahi was formulated with pomegranate pulp (PP) and flaxseed powder (FP). The product variables, viz. PP, FP and incubation time, were optimised based on chemical, sensory and textural attributes. The study revealed that PP significantly affected the acidity and antioxidant content, while FP influenced the sensory and textural properties of the product. The optimum conditions were 15% PP, 2% FP and 12‐h incubation time. The developed fortified probiotic Greek dahi is a potential synbiotic food.

Comparative evaluation of bioactive compounds of various cultivars of pomegranate (Punica granatum) in different world regions

Pomegranates (Punica granatum) are a significant source of bioactive compounds and have been widely used in traditional Eastern medicine in different countries and cultures. Pomegranate peel and pulp have significantly antioxidant capacity, and pomegranate pulp contain markedly anti-atherogenic activity against atherosclerosis diseases in humans and mice model investigations. Pomegranates from different cultivars possess different bioactive molecules, increasing the desired antioxidant properties genes and chemical profiles. This study provides an overview of geographic origins and an evaluation of the chemical analysis of flavonoids and polyphenolic content of the pomegranate from the local (Persian) and foreign pomegranate cultivars. The present narrative review aims to compare chemical analysis of total phenolic and flavonoids content of different pomegranate cultivars grown in various geographic regions in the world. This review demonstrated that remarkable differences existed in all factors rates measured in various cultivars, being considerably related to many factors such as cultivar type, growing region, maturity, cultivation, climate, edaphic condition, and storage situation. The data would be useful to produce better crops with high nutritional quality.

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM POMEGRANATE PULP BY PHOSPHORIC ACID

Normal 0 21 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:black; mso-ansi-language:#001F; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language:HI;} In this study, samples of activated carbon were prepared from pomegranate pulp by chemical activation. H 3 PO 4 was used as chemical activation agent and three impregnation ratios (50-100-200%) by mass were applied on biomass at impregnation times of 24 and 48 hours. Carbonization is applied to impregnated biomass samples under N 2 sweeping gas in a fixed bed reactor at 500 and 700 ° C. For determination of chemical and physical properties of the obtained activated carbons; elemental analysis was applied to determine the elemental composition (C, H, N, O) and FT-IR spectra was used to analyze the functional groups. BET equation was used to calculate the surface areas of activated carbons. For understanding the changes in the surface structure, activated carbons were conducted to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Maximum BET surface area (840 m 2 /g) was reached with the activated carbon generated using 200% H 3 PO 4 impregnated biomass sample, at a carbonization temperature of 700 °C and impregnation time of 48 hours. Experimental results showed that impregnation ratio have a significant effect on the pore structure of activated carbon and pomegranate pulp seems to be an alternative precursor for commercial activated carbon production.

Effects of dietary pomegranate pulp silage supplementation on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid profile and blood plasma antioxidant status of lactating dairy cows

The objective of this study was to determine effects of inclusion of pomegranate pulp silage (PS) in lactating dairy cows’ rations, in replacement of mainly corn silage, on milk yield, chemical composition, somatic cells count, colony forming units, and fatty acid (FA) concentrations of milk, as well as on blood antioxidant status. Fifteen lactating Holstein dairy cows, with a milk yield of 26.6±3.86kg/day and lactation number of 2.9±1.17, were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three 25days periods. The PS was added to the total mixed ration (TMR) at levels of 0, 75 and 150g/kg TMR on a dry matter (DM) basis to create dietary treatments PS0, PS75 and PS150, respectively. Experimental rations were iso-net energetic (6.20MJ NEL/kg DM) and iso-nitrogenous (150g CP/kg DM), and the TMR were offered to cows individually twice a day with feed residues recorded. In the last 5days of each experimental period, milk yield was recorded and milk samples collected for chemical composition and FA analysis. Inclusion of 75 or 150g PS/kg of TMR (on a DM basis) did not affect milk yield, milk composition or milk bacterial and somatic cell counts. Milk FA analysis showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) in concentrations of C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0 and C16:0 saturated FA (SFA), and linear increase (P<0.05) in concentrations of trans-11C18:1, cis-9C18:1,C18:2n-6c,C18:3n-3 and cis-9, trans-11C18:2 unsaturated FA (UFA). As dietary PS inclusion levels increased, medium chain FA, SFA, the SFA/UFA ratio and atherogenicity index linearly decreased (P<0.05), whereas, long chain FA, monounsaturated FA and polyunsaturated FA linearly increased (P<0.05). Linear and quadratic effects (P<0.05) occurred in the n-6 FA concentration. Blood plasma glutathione reductase activity linearly decreased (P<0.05), whereas glutathione S- transferase and superoxide dismutase activity linearly increased (P<0.05), with increasing dietary PS feeding level. Inclusion of PS up to 150g/kg DM in dairy cows’ TMR did not affect milk yield and chemical composition, but improved the milk FA profile and blood plasma antioxidant status.