Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 Research Articles

Corona alternating current electrospinning: A combined approach for increasing the productivity of electrospinning

Corona alternating current electrospinning (C-ACES), a scaled-up productivity electrospinning method was developed by combining the intense forces of the alternating electrostatic field and a sharp-edged spinneret design with increased free surface. C-ACES reached two orders of magnitude higher productivity (up to 1200 mL/h) than the classical single needle direct current electrospinning (DCES) without any alteration of fiber properties. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVPK90), a water soluble high molecular weight nonionic polymer was processed for the first time with single needle alternating current electrospinning (ACES) and C-ACES in order to prepare fast dissolving amorphous solid dispersions of spironolactone (SPIR), a poorly water-soluble antihypertensive model drug. The limited spinnability of PVPK90 with AC high voltage could only be resolved by optimizing the solution conductivity with organophilic salts such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) demonstrating the importance of conductivity during ACES. The effects of varied solution properties (composition and conductivity) and scaling-up were investigated by SEM imaging. Solid state analyses revealed that SPIR was dispersed in an amorphous form in the fibrous mats. In vitro dissolution tests showed ultrafast drug release in case of the amorphous formulations even when prepared with scaled-up C-ACES. Besides the enhancement of conductivity SDS also prevents SPIR from precipitation from the dissolution media due to its solubilization ability.

Effect of surfactants and polymers on morphology and particle size of telmisartan in ultrasound-assisted anti-solvent crystallization

The major challenge faced by the pharmaceutical industry is the aggregation of drug nanoparticles. Controlling the surface forces between the particles with the help of surfactants and polymers may overcome this problem. An attempt has been made to develop nanocrystals of the telmisartan to improve its solubility by applying an anti-solvent crystallization in the presence of surfactants, polymers, and ultrasound. Various surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate, Tween 80) and polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, polyethylene glycol 6000, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% w/w) with and without ultrasound were studied to observe their effect on particle size and morphology. It was observed that crystal size was found to be 290 nm and 181.7 nm for Tween 80 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, respectively, which was further reduced by ~ 35% and 9% in the presence of ultrasound. The possible interactions among telmisartan, surfactants, and polymers in the solid state were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, and morphology by scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that raw telmisartan showed the rod-like morphology with the size range of 6–10 µm and the recrystallized drug showed acicular-shaped morphology with size range of 100–400 nm.

Investigation of Drug–Polymer Miscibility and Solubilization on Meloxicam Binary Solid Dispersion

This work aims to study the solubilizing capacity of solid dispersion technology with three kinds of polymers and explore the factors affecting the dissolution and stability of solid dispersions from drug–polymer miscibility, phase solubility, and crystallization inhibition. A meloxicam (MLX) solid dispersion was prepared via the solvent evaporation method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate (PVP VA) 6:4 and Soluplus® (SLP), respectively. The drug–polymer miscibility, phase solubility, and precipitation study were applied to evaluate the effect of polymers. And the solubility, dissolution behavior, stability, and pharmacokinetic profile of MLX solid dispersion were researched. The PVP K30, PVP VA, and SLP were found to be miscible with MLX in an increasing order of SLP < PVP K30 < PVP VA, and the dissolution behavior of MLX was improved significantly. According to the phase solubility and the saturation solubility results, the PVP K30 had inferior solubilization capacity to MLX. Moreover, because of MLX crystal precipitation (after 43 ± 7.06 min) in the PVP K30 solution, the relatively short supersaturation time was demonstrated by precipitation study. In comparison, PVP VA and SLP had better performance to improve solubility and inhibit crystallization. The stability experiment results indicated that MLX-PVP K30 and MLX-SLP appeared evident crystallization and poor dissolution rate, whereas, the MLX-PVP VA was comparatively stable. In addition, the pharmacokinetics study of MLX-PVP VA showed larger Cmax (3.25 times) and AUC (2.88 times) than pure MLX. This study demonstrated enhancement in solubility and dissolution behavior of MLX, via solid dispersion technology. The well solubility and storage stability of MLX-PVP VA (1:5, w/w) were expected to develop a new oral pharmaceutical product. Besides, in the current study, the drug–polymer miscibility, solubilizing capacity, and inhibition ability of the polymer were systematically discussed. The results indicated that above aspects have positive effects on the screening of polymers for amorphous solid dispersion.

Formulation and Evaluation of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Mouth Dissolving Films

The present investigation was aimed at preparation and evaluation of mouth dissolving films (MDFs) of an anti-histamine drug, Chlorpheniramine Maleate (CPM) to enhance convenience and compliance to the elderly and paediatric patients. The MDFs were prepared using wet film applicator and evaluated for physicochemical and physicomechanical properties. MDFs were prepared with 0.6% and 0.8% w/w CPM. The MDFs with 0.8% w/w drug load showed re-crystallisation within 10 days, while the MDFs with 0.6% w/w CPM load were transparent with no re-crystallization. The effect of film formers, film thickness, film modifiers, saliva stimulating and soothing agents on the physicomechanical properties and CPM release from MDFs were evaluated. MDFs casted at 30mil thickness containing poly ethylene glycol (PEG-400) as plasticizer showed superior CPM release rates along with good physicomechanical properties. MDFs with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E3 as film former gave superior CPM release rate when compared to E5 and E15 formulations. MDFs with poly vinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30) gave superior drug release properties when compared to MDFs without PVP K30. The MDFs with citric acid (CA) and xylitol gave superior CPM release than the other MDFs. Release kinetics data reveals diffusion as drug release mechanism.

Continuous manufacturing of orally dissolving webs containing a poorly soluble drug via electrospinning

An orally dissolving web (ODW) formulation of poorly soluble carvedilol (CAR) was developed and manufactured continuously using electrospinning (ES) as a key technology. Phase solubility tests revealed that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) solubilizer alone cannot ensure sufficient solubility (6.25 mg CAR in 20 mL) in the oral cavity even if citric acid was present to ionize the basic drug. In turn, electrospun amorphous nanofibers of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30) and CAR exhibited notable supersaturation of the drug in the presence of citric acid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) confirmed the amorphous state of CAR. The final ODW was prepared by layering the nanofibers onto pullulan, a well-soluble polysaccharide film carrying citric acid. The double-layered formulation showed ultrafast disintegration and dissolution modeling the oral cavity meeting regulatory requirements (<30 s). The continuous production was accomplished using our recently developed continuous model system by controlled deposition of the nanofibers onto the carrier film strained to a wheel collector and followed by cutting into final dosage units. Performance tests of the continuous system revealed satisfactory content uniformity over time (average acceptance value = 9.45), while residual solvent content measurements showed trace amounts of ethanol (EtOH) after production and acceptable dimethyl-formamide (DMF) content with secondary drying at room temperature. The presented work demonstrates how ES can be part of a continuous manufacturing system as an advanced drying tool during the formulation of challenging drugs.

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE

Objective: The study involved development of transdermal delivery system (TDDS) of doxazosinmesylate (doxa) to achieve effective systemic delivery of the drug.Methods: TDDS of doxa was prepared using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100LV and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 in 3:1 ratio solvent casting method. The formulation was evaluated for folding endurance, moisture uptake, pH, drug content and in vitro permeation. Various permeation enhancers were incorporated at 5% w/w concentration into the patch formulationto study their impact on the drug permeation. The TDDS made with Transcutol® as an enhancer was subjected to accelerated stability studies and in vivo skin irritation studies.Results: The developed TDDS showed folding endurance of 170, moisture uptakeof 15.7%, pH of 6.3, and drug content of 99±1.1% and 66% in vitro permeation of doxa over 24h. The effect of various enhancers expressed in terms of average flux can be summarized as Transcutol® (10.6±2.1 µg/cm2h)&gt;dimethyl sulfoxide(10.17±1.2 µg/cm2h)&gt;benzyl alcohol (9.55±1.3 µg/cm2h)&gt;no enhancer (8.86±1.1 µg/cm2h)&gt;dimethyl isosorbide (8.21±1.5 µg/cm2h)&gt;Isostearic acid (7.82±1.4 µg/cm2h)&gt;propylene carbonate (7.67±1.4 µg/cm2h)&gt;oleic acid (7.12 µg±0.8/cm2h). The formulation was found to be stable during the accelerated stability studies. In vivo studies indicated absence of skin irritation effect the TDDS containing Transcutol®.Conclusion: TDDS of doxa comprising HPMC K100LV and PVPK30 in the ratio of 3:1 and 5% Transcutol® could serve as a potential TDDS in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension.

Preparation and evaluation of famotidine nanosuspension

Famotidine (FM) is a potent H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has a low and variable bioavailability which is attributed to its low water solubility. There are many methods used to increase dissolution rate of drug and in this study, the dissolution of the drug was enhanced by the preparation of nanosuspension. Famotidine nanosuspension was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method, where famotidine dissolved in methanol at room temperature and emptied into water containing different types of stabilizers (single and in combination). The optimum formula (F9) was selected according to particle size (362.8nm) and release profile (80 % of drug release within the 10 minutes) in comparison to pure famotidine powder release. The influence of formulation variables like the type and concentration of stabilizers Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer 188 (PVP K-30, PVA and poloxamer 188) in addition to combination of stabilizers on particle size of drug nanosuspensions were studied. The result showed that single stabilizer (poloxamer 188) has perfect surface affinity and could form a substantial mechanical and thermodynamic barrier at the interface of dug molecule. As the concentration of stabilizer increases the particle size decreases at fixed drug concentration (drug: stabilizer ratio 1:2).

Xylan-Based Hydrogels as a Potential Carrier for Drug Delivery: Effect of Pore-Forming Agents.

Pore-forming agents have a significant influence on the pore structure of hydrogels. In this study, a porogenic technique was employed to investigate the preparation of macroporous hydrogels which were synthesized by radical copolymerization of carboxymethyl xylan with acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide under the function of a cross-linking agent. Six kinds of pore-forming agents were used: polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, polyethylene glycol 2000, carbamide, NaCl, CaCO3, and NaHCO3. The application of these hydrogels is also discussed. The results show that pore-forming agents had an important impact on the pore structure of the hydrogels and consequently affected properties of the hydrogels such as swelling ratio and mechanical strength, while little effect was noted on the thermal property of the hydrogels. 5-Fluorouracil was used as a model drug to study the drug release of the as-prepared hydrogels, and it was found that the drug release was substantially improved after using the NaHCO3 pore-forming agent: a cumulative release rate of up to 71.05% was achieved.

Experimental study of improvement shear strength and moisture effect PVP adhesive joints by addition PVA

This research study an experimental and optimization work of the effect of moisture on the shear strength of adhesive joints and improvement by adding variable concentration of PVA to PVP. In this work, shear strength samples from Cu-Cu and the adhesive made from dissolving 16 grams of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (k30) and 8 grams of polyvinyle Alcohol in 50 ml of water was studied. This study condensed on the effect of variable under pressure of a fixed rate of 5 MPa. For temperatures (225) °C with times (10) minutes under the same. It was noticed that the best resulted found at a temperature of 225 °C and time of 10 minutes and 50% from PVA and 50% PVP the best result of shear strength, reaching overhead hanging to 1240 N and 920 at 265 °C that there is decreasing in the resistance of the adhesive with the emerging time (0,2, 4, 6, 7, 9) at room temperature, and using a Neural network to prediction the results.

Preparation and evaluation of famotidine nanosuspension

Famotidine (FM) is a potent H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has a low and variable bioavailability which is attributed to its low water solubility. There are many methods used to increase dissolution rate of drug and in this study, the dissolution of the drug was enhanced by the preparation of nanosuspension. Famotidine nanosuspension was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method, where famotidine dissolved in methanol at room temperature and emptied into water containing different types of stabilizers (single and in combination). The optimum formula (F9) was selected according to particle size (362.8nm) and release profile (80 % of drug release within the 10 minutes) in comparison to pure famotidine powder release. The influence of formulation variables like the type and concentration of stabilizers Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer 188 (PVP K-30, PVA and poloxamer 188) in addition to combination of stabilizers on particle size of drug nanosuspensions were studied. The result showed that single stabilizer (poloxamer 188) has perfect surface affinity and could form a substantial mechanical and thermodynamic barrier at the interface of dug molecule. As the concentration of stabilizer increases the particle size decreases at fixed drug concentration (drug: stabilizer ratio 1:2).

Preparation and evaluation of famotidine nanosuspension

Famotidine (FM) is a potent H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has a low and variable bioavailability which is attributed to its low water solubility. There are many methods used to increase dissolution rate of drug and in this study, the dissolution of the drug was enhanced by the preparation of nanosuspension. Famotidine nanosuspension was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method, where famotidine dissolved in methanol at room temperature and emptied into water containing different types of stabilizers (single and in combination). The optimum formula (F9) was selected according to particle size (362.8nm) and release profile (80 % of drug release within the 10 minutes) in comparison to pure famotidine powder release. The influence of formulation variables like the type and concentration of stabilizers Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer 188 (PVP K-30, PVA and poloxamer 188) in addition to combination of stabilizers on particle size of drug nanosuspensions were studied. The result showed that single stabilizer (poloxamer 188) has perfect surface affinity and could form a substantial mechanical and thermodynamic barrier at the interface of dug molecule. As the concentration of stabilizer increases the particle size decreases at fixed drug concentration (drug: stabilizer ratio 1:2).

Hierarchical flower-like BiOIxBr(1−x) solid solution spheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

A series of hierarchical BiOIxBr(1−x) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solution architectures assembled from nanosheets were fabricated by a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) assisted solvothermal strategy using ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. To examine the photocatalytic performances of the as-prepared samples, photocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out under visible-light using methyl orange (MO) as objective pollutant. The experimental results reveal that the as-synthesized BiOIxBr(1−x) solid solution samples are of tetragonal crystal phase and exhibit morphology- and composition-dependent visible-light photocatalytic activities. The difference in the photocatalytic performance of all the BiOIxBr(1−x) samples was discussed in depth based on the experimental results. It was found that BiOIxBr(1−x) solid solutions with hierarchically spherical structure (the sample R75) possess the highest photocatalytic activity on account of its hierarchical nanostructure, large specific surface area, strong absorption of visible-light, as well as the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the hierarchical flower-like BiOIxBr(1−x) solid solution spheres (the sample R75) also has high activity for photocatalytic decomposition of colorless bisphenol A (BPA) under visible-light. This work may provide a new perspective for the development of efficient visible-light photocatalysts for environmental pollution treatment.

Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods

Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs.In the present study we formulated tablets consisting of either spray dried co-amorphous ibuprofen-arginine or indomethacin-arginine, mannitol or xylitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP). Experimental design was used for the selection of tablet compositions, and the effect of tablet composition on tablet characteristics was modelled. Multimodal non-linear imaging, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum frequency/second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG) microscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the tablets.The tablets possessed sufficient strength, but modelling produced no clear evidence about the compaction characteristics of co-amorphous salts. However, co-amorphous drug-arginine mixtures resulted in enhanced dissolution behaviour, and the PVP in the tableting mixture stabilized the supersaturation. The co-amorphous mixtures were physically stable during compaction, but the excipient selection affected the long term stability of the ibuprofen-arginine mixture. CARS and SFG/SHG proved feasible techniques in imaging the component distribution on the tablet surfaces, but possibly due to the limited imaging area, recrystallization detected with x-ray diffraction was not detected.

Assessing the potential of solid dispersions to improve dissolution rate and bioavailability of valsartan: In vitro-in silico approach

This study aimed to improve dissolution rate of valsartan in an acidic environment and consequently its oral bioavailability by solid dispersion formulation. Valsartan was selected as a model drug due to its low oral bioavailability (~23%) caused by poor solubility of this drug in the low pH region of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and presence of absorption window in the upper part of GIT. Solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation method with Eudragit® E100, Soluplus® or polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 (PVP K25) in drug:polymer weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 and further subjected to solid-state characterization and in vitro drug dissolution testing in 0.1 M HCl. The expected drug plasma concentration vs. time profiles after oral administration of the selected solid dispersion formulations were predicted using physiologically-based in silico modeling. Fast and complete dissolution of valsartan, with >80% of dissolved drug within the first 10 min of testing, was observed only from solid dispersions prepared with Eudragit® E100 in drug:polymer ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. In all other samples, valsartan dissolution was slow and incomplete. Solid-state characterization showed amorphous nature of both pure drug and solid dispersion samples, as well as favourable intermolecular interactions between valsartan and polymers over interactions between drug molecules. The constructed in silico model predicted >40% of increase in valsartan bioavailability, Cmax and AUC values from selected solid dispersion formulations compared to conventional solid oral dosage form such as IR capsules. Based on the results of the in vitro-in silico study, formulation of solid dispersions of valsartan with Eudragit® E100 polymer can be considered as a promising approach for improving valsartan bioavailability.

Investigation into the Solid-State Properties and Dissolution Profile of Spray-Dried Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Rational Step toward the Design and Development of a Multicomponent Amorphous System.

The formulation of oral amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) includes the use of excipients to improve physical stability and enhance bioavailability. Combinations of excipients (polymers and surfactants) are often employed in pharmaceutical products to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, additive interactions in multicomponent ASD systems have not been extensively studied and may promote crystallization in an unpredictable manner, which in turn may affect the physical stability and dissolution profile of the product. The main aim of this study was to understand the effect of different surfactant and polymer combinations on the solid-state properties and dissolution behavior of ternary spray-dried solid dispersions of dipyridamole and cinnarizine. The surfactants chosen for this study were sodium dodecyl sulfate and poloxamer 188, and the model polymers used were polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100. The spray-dried ternary dispersions maintained higher supersaturation compared to either the crystalline drug equilibrium solubility or their respective physical mixtures. However, rapid and variable dissolution behavior was observed for different formulations. The maximum supersaturation level was observed with drug-polymer-polymer ternary dispersions. On the other hand, incorporating the surfactant into binary (drug-polymer) and ternary (drug-polymer-polymer) ASDs adversely affected the physical stability and dissolution by promoting crystallization. On the basis of these observations, a thorough investigation into the impact of combinations of additives on amorphous drug crystallization during dissolution and stability studies is recommended in order to develop optimized formulations of supersaturating dosage forms.

Gold Octahedra nanoparticles (Au_0.03 and Au_0.045): Synthesis and impact on marine clams Ruditapes decussatus

The increased use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in several applications has led to a rise in concerns about their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. In addition, toxicity of nanoparticles to aquatic organisms is related to their physical and chemical properties. In the present study, we synthesize two forms of gold octahedra nanoparticles (Au_0.03 and Au_0.045) in 1.3-propandiol with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30) as capping agent using polyol process. Shape, size and optical properties of the particles could be tuned by changing the molar ratio of PVP K30 to metal salts. The anisotropy in nanoparticles shape shows strong localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.Environmental impact of Oct-AuNPs was determined in the marine bivalve, Ruditapes decussatus exposed to different concentrations of Au_0.03 and Au_0.045. The dynamic light scattering showed the stability and resistance of Au_0.03 and Au_0.045 in the natural seawater. No significant modification in vg-like proteins, MDA level and enzymatic activities were observed in treated clams with Au_0.03 even at high concentration. In contrast, Au_0.045 induced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST) activities, in a concentration dependent manner indicating defense against oxidative stress. Enhanced lipid peroxidation represented by malondialdehyde content confirmed oxidative stress of Au_0.045 at high concentration.These results highlight the importance of the physical form of nanomaterials on their interactions with marine organisms and provide a useful guideline for future use of Oct-AuNPs. In addition, Vitellogenin is shown not to be an appropriate biomarker for Oct-AuNPs contamination even at high concentration. We further show that Oct-AuNPs exhibit an important antioxidant response without inducing estrogenic disruption.

Fast dissolving drug delivery membrane based on the ultra-thin shell of electrospun core-shell nanofibers

Structural nanocomposites that provide fast dissolving drug release profiles are highly in demand in pharmaceutics. In this study, a poorly water-soluble drug such as quercetin or tamoxifen citrate (TC) was selected as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient. Core-shell nanofibers with ultra-thin shells were designed and prepared using modified coaxial electrospinning. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K90 or Polycaprolactone (PCL) was selected as core. The drugs and PVP K10 were selected as shell. All types of solutions can be used as the shell fluids in modified coaxial process regardless of their electrospinnability, which means the increasing functional ingredients and unspinnable matrix can be processed. Evaluations via SEM and TEM demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers had linear morphology with a shell thickness smaller than 100 nm. XRD and FTIR results showed that the model drug was distributed in the polymeric matrix amorphously and that PVP K10 had good compatibility with quercetin or TC. In vitro dissolution tests suggested that the core-shell nanofibers with ultra-thin shells released the loaded cargoes in the dissolution media within 1 min. The present investigation paved a new way for implementing the modified coaxial processes, which can be utilized to fabricate structural nanocomposites with ultra-thin shells for enhancing the fast dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Gluing Pills Technology: A novel route to multilayer tablet manufacturing

Layer weight control, delamination and cross-contamination are major challenges in the production of compacted multilayer tablets (MLT). In this work, we describe a novel approach to manufacturing MLT: the Gluing Pills Technology (GPT). High loads of ibuprofen free acid and caffeine anhydrate were blended with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and compacted into monolayer tablets. They were glued together via the GPT using solutions of either fish gelatin or polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 as gluing agents with defined viscosity. Factors that have a substantial impact on the deformation behavior of blends (i.e., elastic recovery, tensile strength and porosity) of monolayer tablets were investigated in terms of bilayer tablets manufactured via the GPT. The results indicated that high levels of elastic recovery negatively affected the robustness of GPT bilayer tablets and that the type of gluing agent was critical. Raman microscopy analysis was successfully applied to qualitatively assess the function of gluing layer as a barrier to cross-contamination between two monolayer tablets.This study shows the feasibility of the GPT for manufacturing of robust MLT, emphasizing its potential in terms of real-time production of individualized fixed-dose combinations and application in both translational pharmaceutics and personalized medicine.

Sol-gel Zn, Fe modified SnO2 powders for CO sensors and magnetic applications

Abstract Zn, Fe modified SnO2 powders were prepared by sol-gel method using Tripropylamine as chelating agent and Polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 as dispersant and stabilizer. Two compositions were taken into account: Zn, Fe modified SnO2 – 20 mol% Zn, 10 mol% Fe and Zn, Fe modified SnO2 – 20 mol% Zn, 30 mol% Fe, denoted further as SZFe1and SZFe2 respectively. The properties and the influence of Fe amount on structure, morphology and surface chemistry, electrical and magnetic properties have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of a polycrystalline mixture of cassiterite – SnO2, hematite – Fe2O3, franklinite – ZnFe2O4 and zincite – ZnO for the samples with different Fe content. The magnetization of SZFe2 sample was found to be composed of a ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic phase. The presence of Fe in the powders composition improved the electrical properties, demonstrating performant features in sensing characteristics (tested in CO gas concentrations varied from 50 to 1000 ppm). The magnetic investigations suggest their possible future applications as soft magnetic materials.

Preparation, characterizations and anti-pollutant activity of 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone nanoparticles in particulate matter-induced HaCaT keratinocytes.

Background7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone (734THI), a secondary metabolite derived from daidzein in soybean, possesses several biological activities, including antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-atopic dermatitis properties, but the poor aqueous solubility of 734THI has limited its application in medicine and cosmetic industry.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to improve the physicochemical properties of 734THI using planetary ball mill preparation under a solvent-free process to improve its solubility and anti-pollutant activity.Results734THI nanoparticle powder (734THIN) was successfully prepared by the planetary ball mill technique using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as the excipient. 734THIN effectively increased the aqueous solubility and cellular uptake of 734THI by improving its physicochemical properties, including particle size reduction, crystalline–amorphous transformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30. In addition, 734THIN inhibited the overexpression of COX-2 and MMP-9 by downregulating MAPK pathway signaling in particulate matter-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes, while raw 734THI in PBS with low aqueous solubility did not show any anti-inflammatory or antiaging activity.Conclusion734THIN may be used as an additive in anti-pollutant skin care products for preventing particulate matter-induced inflammation and aging in skin.