Polyvinylpyrrolidone Research Articles

High-Performance Polyamidoxime Porous Membrane Prepared by the In Situ Modification/Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation Strategy for Uranium Extraction from Seawater.

The abundance of uranium (U(VI)) reserves in seawater makes it crucial to develop economically efficient methods for uranium extraction from seawater. In this work, an enhanced polyamidoxime porous membrane (PAOM) was fabricated by pre-in situ amidoxime modification combined with nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). The strategy of in situ modification of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution served to enhance the homogeneity of the reaction and avoid the destruction of the membrane matrix and pore structure. Compared with the control sample (AOPM), PAOM possessed better mechanical strength and hydrophilicity. The introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formed a porous structure in PAOM, improving spatial accessibility and facilitating the diffusion transport and capture of UO22+ inside the membrane. The more uniform and abundant distribution of amidoxime groups in PAOM gave it ultrahigh adsorption capacity and selectivity. The equilibrium adsorption capacity and Kd value of PAOM were 1.72 and 5.51 times higher than those of AOPM. Meanwhile, PAOM also demonstrated good recyclability, with only a 6.15% decrease in adsorption capacity after seven cycles. Additionally, PAOM exhibited excellent dynamic adsorption performance, and after 14 days of continuous filtration and adsorption, PAOM could extract 2.03 mg·g-1 U(VI) from natural seawater.

Chemical and green synthesized Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles for enhancing the photocatalytic and antioxidant properties

This research focuses on developing environmentally friendly and economically viable Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles (HNPs) through both chemical and green synthesis methods and evaluated their potential for biomedical and environmental applications. The chemical synthesis employs polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), while the green approach utilizes Azadirachta indica (A. indica) leaf extract as a stabilizing agent. Co/Ni-doped HNPs are crystalline size ranging from 14 to 21 nm, morphology analysis revealed that the NPs exhibited a quasi-spherical, with an average particle size ranging from 15.98 to 25.91 nm, and dopants confirmed to contain by the XPS spectra. VSM study explains magnetic parameters, coactivity, residual magnetism, and magnetization. A. indica plants contain quinones, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Characterization of the nanoparticles reveals optimized Co/Ni-doped HNPs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. These nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable 93%–95% degradation of UV-reactive dyes (methyl orange and methylene blue) within 90 min, attributed to structural and surface modifications that improve light absorption and enhance charge separation. The study concludes that green-synthesized Co/Ni-doped HNPs outperform chemically synthesized counterparts as superior photocatalysts. Additionally, antioxidant evaluations using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays suggest significant antioxidant capabilities. A high scavenging activity percentage, ranging from 83% to 88%, was observed, which increased with higher concentrations of the synthesized Co/Ni-doped HNPs making these nanoparticles suitable for biomedical and environmental applications that require a magnetic system. In this study, the IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of chemically and green synthesized Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles against the DPPH/NO assay were calculated to be 18.33 μg ml−1 and 16.09 μg ml−1, respectively. The research highlights the multifunctional properties of Co/Ni-doped HNPs, addressing the demand for tailored inorganic magnetic nanoparticles with minimal ecological impact.

Preparation of silver nanowires with controlled parameters for conductive transparent electrodes

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have excellent flexibility, unique optical transmittance and high conductivity. The polyol process is appropriate for preparing AgNWs due to its simplicity, effectiveness, low cost, and high yield. This work aims to investigate the effect of preparation parameters of the polyol process on the silver nanowires properties. The parameters include the controlling agent, molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the temperature, and the reducing agent. The amount of silver nanoparticles formed during preparation was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed minimal amount of Ag nanoparticles when using mixed molecular weight of PVP-40K, and PVP-1.3M at 150 °C with the assistance of copper chloride as a controlling agent. The prepared AgNWs had an average length of 3.7 µm and aspect ratio of 15.3. The fabricated electrodes were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and four probe resistivity measurements. The electrical measurement of the AgNWs electrodes indicated that the surfactant thickness is a critical parameter in having low sheet resistance electrodes. Also, the optical transmission was affected by the amount of nanoparticles. The prepared electrode with high concentration of AgNWs and a minimal amount of nanoparticles exhibited 80% optical transmission.

Complex formation and stabilization of Z‐isomer‐enriched astaxanthin esters derived from Haematococcus lacustris with water‐soluble carriers via spray drying

AbstractTo enhance the water solubility and bioavailability of astaxanthin esters, inclusion complexes of Z‐isomer‐enriched astaxanthin esters with water‐soluble carriers were prepared using a spray drying technique. A food‐grade Haematococcus alga extract was used as the source of astaxanthin esters, and the Z‐isomerization was performed via direct heating of the extract. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) were used as water‐soluble carriers. The effects of spray drying conditions on the encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin esters in the carriers and the total Z‐isomer ratio of encapsulated astaxanthin esters were investigated, and the physical properties and storage stability of the resulting composites were evaluated. Under optimum spray drying conditions, efficient production of highly water‐soluble Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin esters was achieved in both carriers: >95% encapsulation efficiency and >55% total Z‐isomer ratio. The physical properties, such as surface morphology and particle size distributions, of the resulting particles differed significantly between PVP and HP‐β‐CD. Storage tests demonstrated that the formulated Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin esters were highly stable. Our findings will contribute to the practical applications of Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin materials.Practical Applications: The formulation technology developed in this study has the potential to address the industrial challenges of using astaxanthin, that is, low water solubility and low bioavailability. Furthermore, the low storage stability of astaxanthin Z‐isomers, which hinders their industrial use, can be solved simultaneously. The resulting Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin powders are expected to be used in a wide range of applications, including nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feeds.

Anthelmintic efficacy of Fenbendazole and Niclosamide suspensions obtained by liquid phase mechano-chemical treatment

The purpose of the research is to study the anthelmintic efficacy of suspensions based on a combined solid dispersion of Fenbendazole and Niclosamide.Materials and methods. Mechanochemistry methods were used to prepare suspensions of Fenbendazole (FBZ) and Niclosamide (NSM) substances, in particular, liquid phase grinding of substances with additives (licorice extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) in water or in aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) solution. The grinding was conducted in LE-101 roller mill at energy intensity of 1 g for 1 hour at a roll rotation speed of 60–70 rpm. The resulting suspension samples of combined FBZ and NSM dispersions were studied for cestodocidal activity on a laboratory model of hymenolepiosis of white mice that were infected at a dose of 200 infective Hymenolepis nana eggs per animal.Results and discussion. The 100% efficacy of a combined NaCMC-based drug suspension containing FBZ 13 mg and NSM 130 mg in 1 g of suspension was achieved at a dose of 20 mg/kg of NSM and 2 mg/kg of FBZ. The suspension based on licorice extract, NaCMC, and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt containing FBZ 18.6 mg and NSM 186 mg in 1 g of suspension at the same dose, i.e. 20 mg/kg of NSM and 2 mg/kg of FBZ showed 71.43% efficacy against H. nana. The suspension based on licorice extract and NaCMC containing FBZ 24.6 mg and NSM 246 mg in 1 g of suspension at the same dose showed a 62.0% effect against H. nana. The activity of the basic drug, the FBZ and NSM suspension was 28.58% at this dose without using mechano-chemical treatment.

Flexible inner surface of polysulfone membranes prevents platelet adhesive protein adsorption and improves antithrombogenicity in vitro.

We investigated whether the condition of the inner surface of hollow fibers affects the blood compatibility of hemodialyzers. We used scanning probe microscope/atomic force microscopy (SPM/AFM) to investigate the height of the swelling and flexible layers (thickness and softness) on the inner surfaces of the hollow fibers. Next, we tested the blood compatibility between dialyzers comprising a hollow fiber membrane, in which the other dialyzers, except for PVP, were additionally coated using PS membranes coated with other materials. After blood was injected into the dialyzer and plugged, dynamic stimulation was performed by slightly rotating the dialyzer for 4 h, although there was no blood circulation. The vitamin E-coated polysulfone (PS) membrane showed a higher thickness and softness of the flexible layer than the asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the PS membranes with PVP. We found that the dialyzer with vitamin E coating significantly suppressed the decrease in platelets, increase in β-TG, and increase in PF4 compared to those coated with NV polymer. Additionally, as the adsorbed protein on the inner surface, the total protein, fibronectin, and vWF levels were significantly lower in the vitamin E-coated dialyzer. The thickness and softness of the flexible layer of the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane in vitro affect differences in blood coagulation performance in clinical research. Future clinical trials are required to confirm our results.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone mediated electrospun ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite nanofibers for removing malachite green from water

This study explores the application of ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite nanofibers for the adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye from water. The composite nanofibers were fabricated using simple polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) mediated electrospinning method by changing zinc and iron precursor weight ratio named as Zn–Fe (1-1), Zn–Fe (2–1) and Zn–Fe (1–2). The diameter of 1D nanofibers was found to be 40–60 nm. The formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and cubic spinel structure of ZnFe2O4 was confirmed by XRD and HRTEM analysis. The effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption process were investigated. The Zn–Fe (1-1) nanofibers showed higher adsorption efficiency than other two. The adsorption results demonstrated excellent adsorption performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 146.77 mg/g at pH = 7 for Zn–Fe (1-1). Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were analyzed to understand the adsorption mechanism and equilibrium behaviour. It was found that the nanofibers material can be recycled and reused up to five cycles.

Optimization of precursor structure by dispersants to promote nitrogen reduction process to prepare high-quality VN

In this study, three dispersants of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and citric acid (CA) are used to optimize the structure of the precursor in order to prepare high quality VN. Under optimum condition, the VN with nitrogen content of 17.94 % is prepared by adding 5 % PVP. The sequence of phase evolution from the precursor to VN is: APV → V2O5 → V6O13 → V7O13 → VO2 → V3O5 → V2O3 → (VC) → VN. The precursors of adding 5 % PVP have lower Ea of 0.17 kJ mol−1, 20.51 kJ mol−1 and 62.70 kJ mol−1 during reduction and nitration process, which is easier to be reduced and nitridated. PVP not only promotes the uniform dispersion of the carbon powders in the vanadium rich solution but also enhance the hydrogen bonding of APV ions to promote their nucleation and growth. The precursor with uniform and concentrated particle size distribution, complete and stable encapsulation of shell of APV and core of carbon powder, and uniform and moderate thickness of APV shell is successfully prepared by adding PVP. The precursor has a larger phase reaction interface and more reactive sites during the nitriding reduction process, which results in a faster reduction and nitriding rate. In comparison with the current process, the nitriding reaction temperature has been reduced from 1400 ∼ 1500 °C to 1150 ∼ 1200 °C, the reaction time has been shortened by 75 %, and the N2 consumption has been reduced by 40 %.

One-step solvothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with efficient red emission from conjugated perylene for multiple applications

Despite its significance for applications related to plant growth, the development of carbon dots (CDs) with bright red emissions still faces multiple obstacles. Herein, red emission hydrophobic carbon dots (RH-CDs) featuring one emission peak centered at 594 nm and a shoulder emission peak at 630 nm with a quantum yield of 34 % and a wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 100 nm (580 nm–680 nm) were synthesized by adopting large conjugated perylene anhydride and aromatic amine precursors under solvothermal conditions. Density functional theory calculations support the method of using larger conjugated systems and higher graphite N doping to increase red emissions from CDs. With a post-surface functionalization strategy, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified RH-CDs (QY = 12 %) were utilized as an anti-counterfeiting ink for information printing. Moreover, both blue-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and light conversion poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CDs film were fabricated with emission spectra that are consistent with the absorption spectra of plants, suggesting that the prepared RH-CDs may have widespread application potential as a stable fluorescent material in plant growth.

Production and characterization of electro-blown nanofibers incorporated with pine pollen for fast-dissolving applications

This study aims to harness the rapid dissolution capability of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a versatile and biocompatible polymer, in conjunction with pine pollen, a natural substance rich in antioxidants and offering nutrient-dense advantages for overall health and vitality, for the development of fast-dissolving tablet applications. Employing the electro-blown spinning method, PVP nanofibers were fabricated with pine pollen dust sourced from male pine cones. Through electro-blown spinning (EBS), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibrous mats were produced with varying concentrations of Pine pollen (PP) (1,3 and 5 %). Analyses were conducted to assess the characteristics of the produced nanofibers, including morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and surface wettability. Antioxidant tests and α‐glycosidase inhibition activity tests were performed to explore the health benefits of nanofibrous mats. The water solubility of PVP, PVP/1 PP, PVP/3 PP, and PVP/5 PP was measured to be 6.97, 4.74, 3.03, and 6.67 s, respectively. The antioxidant properties and α-glycosidase inhibition activity were preserved in the developed fibers. Notably, the α-glycosidase inhibition activity test demonstrated promising results, suggesting the potential of these fibers in regulating glucose absorption and enhancing glycemic control, highlighting their prospective benefits in diabetes management.

Enhanced engineering and biocidal polypropylene filaments enabling melt reduction of AgNO3 through PVP agent: A scalable process for the defense industry with MEX additive manufacturing

This study focused on the production of polypropylene (PP)/silver (Ag) composites via additive manufacturing. This study aimed to enhance the quality of medical-grade PP in material extrusion (MEX) three-dimensional printing (3DP) by improving its mechanical properties while simultaneously adding antibacterial properties. The latter can find extremely important and versatile properties that are applicable in defense and security domains. PP/Ag nanocomposites were prepared using a novel method based on a reaction occurring while mixing appropriate quantities of the starting polymers and additives, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the matrix material and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as the filler. This process produced three-dimensional (3D) printed filaments, which were then used to create specimens for a series of standardized tests. It was found that the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced in relation to pristine PP, especially for the PP matrix with various loadings of AgNO3 and PVP, such as 5.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%, respectively. The voids, inclusions, and actual-to-nominal dimensions also showed improved results. The 3DP specimens exhibited a more effective biocidal performance against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli, which developed an inhibition zone only in the case of PP with filler loading percentages of AgNO3 and PVP at 10.0 wt% and 5.0 wt%, respectively Compounds possessing such properties can be beneficial for various applications requiring increased mechanical properties and biocidal capabilities, such as in the Defence or medical industries.

Study on the catalytic performance of Fe in-situ modified small crystallite Silicalite-1 zeolite in Chichibabin condensation reaction

Pyridine and its derivatives, collectively referred to as pyridine bases, are widely used in industries such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, serving as crucial intermediates in the chemical industry. In recent years, with the development of the pesticide and pharmaceutical industries, the demand for pyridine bases has rapidly increased. The Chichibabin condensation reaction is the most commonly route for industrial production of pyridine bases. Currently, the most used ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is limited by the instability of its silicon-aluminum framework structure, resulting in a short active reaction cycle (5 h). To address this limitation, this study selected the thermally stable and hydrothermally stable Silicalite-1 zeolite. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was employed as a colloidal dispersant and Fe was introduced into the MFI framework through in-situ modification during the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite. The influence of PVP dosage, template agent dosage, and other crystallization conditions on the crystallinity, pore structure, and acidity of Silicalite-1 zeolite products was investigated using XRD, SEM, TG, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. The acidity of Fe-modified Silicalite-1 zeolites was characterized using NH3-TPD, Py-FTIR, FT-IR, and XPS. These results indicated that the introduction of seed crystals effectively reduced the particle size of the zeolite to about 200 nm. Fe-modified Silicalite-1 displayed a disk-like morphology with excellent crystal dispersion. The highest relative crystallinity of the zeolite reached 103% with 15% seed crystal input and 3.75% PVP addition. The Fe-modified Silicalite-1 possessed a significantly enhanced abundance of both Lewis (L) and Brønsted (B) acid sites, resulting in an increase in the initial activity from 66% to 85% for the pyridine bases synthesis through the Chichibabin condensation. Compared to ZSM-5, Fe-modified Silicalite-1 exhibited superior catalytic stability, maintaining the total carbon conversion and pyridine bases yield above 66% and 40%, respectively, over a 15 h reaction period. Furthermore, the strategy proposed in this study, employing polyvinylpyrrolidone as a colloidal stabilizer to modify Silicalite-1 zeolite, could significantly broadened the application prospects of weakly acidic pure silica zeolites in the field of acid catalysis. This approach has demonstrated significant scientific value and industrial potential.

Preparation, mechanical analysis and investigation of swelling behavior of boron nitride reinforced hydrogel polymer composite films

AbstractThis study presents the preparation, hydrogel kinetics, and mechanical analysis of Boron Nitride (BN) reinforced PVA/PVP/PEO‐BN hydrogel composite films using Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and Polyethylene oxide (PEO) commercial polymers. Dynamic mechanical analysis tests reveal that PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN composite films exhibit plastic‐viscoelastic behavior under a maximum force of 18 N. The Young's Modulus values for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20 are 0.22, 0.32, and 0.44 MPa, respectively. The highest % Strain value is observed in PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, reaching 279.80%. In the hydrogel kinetics study, Schott's and Fickian models are utilized. The regression from the Fickian model is quite low, with exponential diffusion index, n, values lower than 0.5, indicating a classical Fickian water diffusion mechanism. Schott's model provides graphs with significantly higher regression compared to the Fickian model. The results indicate compatibility with the other model and confirm the presence of water‐based diffusion. Equilibrium swelling values (Se, g H2O/g gel) are 6.71, 7.03, and 7.91 for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis results show that the glass transition temperatures, Tg, are 52.37, 60.20, and 63.05°C for PVA90PEO5PVP5, PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%10, and PVA90PEO5PVP5‐BN%20, respectively.

Design and mediated hydrogen bonding strength of Poly(styrene-alt- N–(ethyl–4–hydroxyphenyl)maleimide) copolymer to enhance miscibility with hydrogen bonded acceptor homopolymers

In this study, the monomer N–(ethyl–4–hydroxyphenyl)maleimide (TyHPMI) was synthesized from tyramine and maleic anhydride. Subsequently, free radical copolymerization was used to prepare the poly(S–alt–TyHPMI) alternating copolymer by reacting TyHPMI with styrene. We confirmed the chemical structure using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The sequence distribution of the poly(S–alt–TyHPMI) alternating copolymer was analyzed using mass–analyzed laser desorption ionization/time–of–flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed a single glass transition temperature (Tg) across various weight fractions of binary blended systems containing strong hydrogen–bonded acceptors, such as poly(S–alt–TyHPMI)/poly(4–vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP, implying full miscibility. The Tg values predicted by kwei equation for the poly(S–alt–TyHPMI)/P4VP and poly(S–alt–TyHPMI)/PVP blends show a positive deviation from linearity. This deviation is due to the short alkyl chain reinforcing the addition of acidic TyHPMI units, which enhances intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the pyridyl or C=O groups and the OH units of the TyHPMI segment. As a result, FTIR spectral analyses indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pyridyl and C=O groups is stronger in the poly(S–alt–TyHPMI) copolymer compared to the poly(S–alt–HPMI) copolymer. This is supported by the larger ratio of the inter/self-association equilibrium constant (KA/KB) value.

“Fast-charging” mechanism of Li3VO4 from the perspective of material science for lithium-ion battery

“Fast-charging” lithium-ion batteries enjoy extensive attention as energy storage devices for portable electronic devices and new energy vehicles. Regrettably, high safety could not be effectively ensured while the batteries undergo fast-charging process. Li3VO4 could be recognized as a high-safety “fast-charging” anode material considering its appropriate Li-insertion voltage and fast kinetic characteristics. Currently, notwithstanding the fact that Li3VO4 has been extensively investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries and the encouraging research results have been accomplished, the distinction between ion diffusion mechanisms during fast-charging and slow-charging has not been well elucidated. Unlike previous reports, Li+ fast/slow diffusion mechanisms in Li3VO4 are investigated in detail in this work. Specifically, Li+ tends to diffuse along path a due to rather fast Li-insertion/deinsertion processes. Correspondingly, Li+ undergoes diffusion along path a and path b during slow-charging. Unlike the conventional view that Li+ prefers to diffuse along path a under all conditions. Additionally, the lattice changes of Li+ insertion into different sites are predicted. The findings could facilitate to comprehend the mechanism of doping, nanosizing, and other modification methods, and the fast-charging issue could be addressed in a targeted way. For instance, the optimal fast diffusion paths are modified at both atomic and lattice scales, inducing that Li+ could be inserted into the lattice of material faster during fast-charging and the power densities could be increased. Accordingly, understanding the fast diffusion mechanism of Li+ in Li3VO4 is crucial to addressing the “fast-charging” of these materials. Unfortunately, the inferior electronic conductivity restricts its Li-storage capacity in “fast-charging” devices. Herein, a Li3VO4 based anode material is prepared thorough a one-step hydrothermal method and liquid-phase dispersion technique in the existence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, which demonstrates exceptional discharging and charging specific capacities, maintaining 273 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. It also presents considerably higher “fast-charging” performance even at 1.0–4.0 A g−1. Electrochemical kinetic studies indicate that the thin coating could improve the conductivity of Li3VO4. The Li-insertion sites and diffusion paths during fast-charging and slow-charging processes are predicted computationally. And the in-situ XRD is adopted to insight into the structural changes of composites during Li-insertion/deinsertion processes. The data furnishes a theoretical basis for comprehending the fast lithium storage mechanism of Li3VO4 and offers a new method for searching for “fast-charging” anode materials.

Polymer enhanced sensitivity and figure of merit SPR optical fiber sensor for high refractive index and wide detection range

A highly sensitive sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for high refractive index (RI) sensing is proposed, whose most unique feature lies in a high RI of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer embedded between the optical fiber and Au film. The use of the high RI PVP layer amplifies the evanescent wave, thereby increasing sensitivity and improving figure of merit (FOM) of the SPR sensor. In addition, SPR sensor coated with a high RI PVP film breaks through the limitation that the inherent RI of optical fiber can only detect low RI, and can measure higher RI values and expand the measurement range. Experimental results demonstrate that, with a PVP layer thickness of 60 nm, showcasing superior performance compared to sensors lacking a PVP layer. Notably, this SPR sensor offers a cost-effective and straightforward fabrication process, promising broad application in environmental monitoring and biosensing.

Synthesis of innovative Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber as high-performance anticancer and antimicrobial agent

Nanofibers’ unique physical properties include mechanical strength, compressive strength, and high specific surface area, making them highly valuable and significant. Nanofiber can be containing nano compounds such as metal nano oxides, metal–organic framework, etc., as well as plant extracts. Plant extracts have had a special place in human life since the past and used in traditional medicine. The synthesis of new nanofibers containing plant extracts and metal–organic framework was the idea that we focused on it. For this purpose, Daphne mucronata extract and copper metal–organic framework, considering the high biological properties were used. For the synthesis of Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber, electrospinning method and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used. The final product’s structure was examined and verified using XRD (X-Ray diffraction analysis), EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray analysis), CHNO EA (Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen elemental analysis), SEM (Scanning electron microscope images), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), contact angle (Hydrophilic properties), mechanical strength and compressive strength. The specific surface area of the synthesized nanofiber and the diameter size of the synthesized particles were observed to be area 1102 m2/g and 80 nm, respectively. High hydrophilic properties (29°), high flexural strength (17.3 N/mm2), and high compressive strength (65.7 N/mm2) were among other characteristics of the synthesized nanofiber. Biological properties of the synthesized nanoparticle, such as anti-skin cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties, were tested. In the anticancer study, IC50 was 21 μg/mL, and in the antimicrobial studies (antibacterial and antifungal activity), the MIC was between 2 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL. Thus, the synthesized nanofiber can be incorporated as a bioactive compound in the medical industry, such as being utilized as bioactive medical bandages after other tests have been completed.

Enhanced acetone gas sensor via TiO2 nanofiber-NiO nanoparticle heterojunction

We present a high surface area sensor comprising NiO nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated within porous TiO2 nanofibers (NFs), showing a remarkable response to acetone. Initially, we synthesized Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) NFs containing titanium (Ti) and nickel (Ni) salts using a simple electrospinning method. Subsequent calcination of the PVP NFs led to the formation of NiO NPs embedded within the porous TiO2 NFs. The resulting heterostructure material exhibited a significant response to acetone detection, with a ratio of electrical resistance in air (Ra) to that in the presence of gas (Rg) reaching 83 at its optimal operating temperature of 300 °C. Furthermore, it demonstrated stable performance under high relative humidity conditions.

Development and characterization of transdermal drug delivery system of ramosetron HCL using different polymers and their effect on In-vitro release

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) offer a controlled and consistent release of medications, bypassing first-pass metabolism and minimizing side effects associated with traditional oral and intravenous therapies. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of Ramosetron HCl transdermal patches designed for sustained release to manage nausea and vomiting. Ramosetron HCl, a selective 5-HT₃ serotonin receptor antagonist, was incorporated into various formulations using different grades of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP K30), and Polysorbate 80. The patches were prepared by solvent casting and evaluated for various parameters including thickness, weight variation, drug content, folding endurance, tensile strength, and in-vitro drug release. The calibration curve for Ramosetron HCl in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer was established with a λmax of 240 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to ensure compatibility between the drug and excipients. Formulation F5 demonstrated optimal properties, including satisfactory drug release profiles and mechanical strength. Stability studies of F5 showed that the formulation maintained its release characteristics under accelerated storage conditions (40°C / 75% RH) for up to three months. This study confirms the potential of Ramosetron HCl transdermal patches as an effective alternative to oral dosage forms, providing sustained drug delivery and enhanced patient compliance.

Physico-Chemical Studies of Anionic Surface Active Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) Solutions: Density and Speed of Sound Measurements

Physico-Chemical Studies of Anionic Surface Active Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) Solutions: Density and Speed of Sound Measurements