Polyvinyl Chloride Plastisol Research Articles

Optical and acoustic properties at 1064 nm of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol for use as a tissue phantom in biomedical optoacoustics

A novel optoacoustic phantom made of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP) for optoacoustic studies is described. The optical and acoustic properties of PVCP were measured. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder and black plastic colour (BPC) were used to introduce scattering and absorption, respectively, in the phantoms. The optical absorption coefficient (μa) at 1064 nm was determined using an optoacoustic method, while diffuse reflectance measurements were used to obtain the optical reduced scattering coefficient (μ′s). These optical properties were calculated to be μa = (12.818 ± 0.001)ABPC cm−1 and μ′s = (2.6 ± 0.2)STiO2 + (1.4 ± 0.1) cm-1, where ABPC is the BPC per cent volume concentration, and STiO2 is the TiO2 volume concentration (mg mL−1). The speed of sound in PVCP was measured to be (1.40 ± 0.02) × 103 m s−1 using the pulse echo transmit receive method, with an acoustic attenuation of (0.56 ± 1.01) f(1.51±0.06)MHz (dB cm−1) in the frequency range of 0.61–1.25 MHz, and a density, calculated by measuring the displacement of water, of 1.00 ± 0.04 g cm−3. The speed of sound and density of PVCP are similar to tissue, and together with the user-adjustable optical properties, make this material well suited for developing tissue-equivalent phantoms for biomedical optoacoustics.

Conducting Materials Based on Thermally Expanded Graphite

The electrical conductivity of composites produced from thermally expanded graphite, isoprene rubber, and polyvinyl chloride plastisol was studied as influenced by the process conditions.

Bilayer polymer composite materials with low combustibility

The results of a study of the combustibility and basic physicomechanical properties of bilayer leather-like polymer composite materials on a textile base modified with natural bischofite are reported. Polyetherurethanes based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyvinyl chloride plastisol, and natural rubber latex were used as the polymer coating for the composite materials; cotton cloth was used as the textile base.

Rotational Moulding of Liquid Polymers

The vast majority of rotationally moulded articles are produced from powdered polymers. However, the moulding process developed originally from the use of liquid polymers and nowadays there is a renewed interest in such systems because of some unique advantages that they offer. This paper compares the behaviour of three different liquid polymer systems—nylon 6 by ring-opening caprolactam, polyvinyl chloride plastisol and polyurethane. The flow behaviour of each material is examined with particular reference to wall thickness distributions and bubble formation in the product. On the basis of this, criteria for the production of fault-free mouldings have been established. The interrelationships between mould shape and resin viscosity are also examined and an ideal viscosity—time—temperature profile is proposed for liquid polymer systems. Finally, a general comparison of the materials is made with regard to material handling, safety, cycle times, etc.

Rotational molding of liquid plastic systems: An assessment of material moldability

This article describes the outcome of an investigation into the rotational molding of liquid plastics. Three liquid plastic systems were assessed: (1) a nylon block copolymer, Nyrim; (2) two grades of polyvinyl chloride plastisol, Acrol DS409A and Hydro PRC/65/0307/9270; and (3) two grades of polyurethane, Hyperlast 7850506 and Hyperlast 7853184. Initially, resin flow behavior was assessed in the uniaxial rotation mode. Characteristic flow regimes were identified for each liquid. The onset and duration of a particular regime depends on the initial viscosity of the liquid, its repooling behavior, and its curing profile. For a particular material, the finished part appearance (hydrocysts, bubbles, fault-free, etc.) depends on the mold rotation speed and material shot size, as well as mold geometry. A fault-free operating criterion is presented for the uniaxial rotation of liquid plastics. Uniaxial rotation tests are useful for predicting general trends in biaxial rotation of liquid plastics. The most important factors in determining the state of a finished part made by biaxial rotation are: (i) resin initial viscosity and curing profile; (ii) mold rotation speed; (iii) shot size; and (iv) mold shape. An ideal viscosity profile for a rotational molding liquid resin, based on information gained from both uniaxial and biaxial rotation tests, is proposed. The rheology of each material was also examined and the profiles observed were related to the molding behavior of each liquid. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

ポリ塩化ビニル被覆鋼板の機械特性に及ぼす可塑剤の影響

Strain developing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films containing Al flake powder during formation was analyzed by a finite element method. It was found that stress in the film was concentrated at the edge of the Al flake powder, and led to breakdown of the film. Strain in rigid films was less than in flexible films. In an effort to improve the formability of PVC films containing Al flake powder used to coat sheet steel, the composition of the plasticizer in PVC plastisol was examined. It was found that by using a secondary plasticizer and a reactive plasticizer in the PVC plastisol containing Al flake powder it was possible to obtain a rigid PVC film, and the tearing load and tensile breaking load of the film were improved, resulting in good formability in a variety of roll forming processes.

Reentrant cannulation of the small intestine in sheep: cannula and surgical method.

The function, design and production of a reentrant cannula for the small intestine of sheep and the corresponding surgical procedure are described. The cannula is molded in one piece from polyvinylchloride plastisol. It consists of a curved intestinal tube joined to a stem with an external elliptical ring on the distal end and a perforated flange that encircles the stem above the intestinal tube. A circular perspex valve with two curved channels was made to fit into the interior of the cannula, making it capable of either a "maintenance" or a "collection" function. The cannula was inserted into the proximal duodenum and(or) terminal ileum of sheep via a 5-cm incision on the antimesenteric side of the intestine. The intestine was attached to the cannula by a Dacron straight arterial graft. This reentrant cannulation method does not require an intestinal transection and a mesenteric incision under the transection. Therefore, little damage was done to the blood and nervous system.

Theoretical performance of polyvinyl chloride plastisol propellants - A comparative study

Theoretical performance of polyvinyl chloride plastisol propellants - A comparative study

Slow Release Plastic Formulation of the Cabbage Looper 1 Pheromone cis -7-Dodecenyl Acetate: Release Rate and Biological Activity

The Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) sex pheromone, cis -7-dodecenyl acetate, was successfully incorporated into a solid plastic formulation which used a polyvinyl chloride plastisol as the basic matrix. Samples of the formulation were still attractive in the field 15 months after initial exposure.

Liquid polyacrylates

AbstractLiquid polymers of ethyl, n‐butyl, and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylates were prepared using an anionic initiating system. Liquid polyethyl acrylate was tested as a plasticizer in a stabilized and unstabilized polyvinyl chloride plastisol composition. In the unstabilized composition, fused samples were obtained which were comparable in color to a di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) plasticized polyvinyl chloride sample prepared under the same conditions. Stress–strain tests on stabilized films indicated that with liquid polyethyl acrylate as the plasticizer a film was obtained showing higher tensile strength, yet equivalent ultimate elongation as compared to a similarly prepared DOP plasticized composition.