Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber Research Articles

Experimental investigation on the thermal protective performance of nonwoven fabrics made of high-performance fibers

In this study, the thermal protective performance of nonwoven fabrics made of Nomex (polyisophthaloyl metaphenylene diamine), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), P84 (polyimide), and basalt fibers was investigated. The objective was to determine the influence of fiber type, thickness of fabric, and wet on the thermal protective performance of nonwoven fabric. The thermal resistances of different nonwoven fabrics were measured using a dry hot plate instrument, the basalt nonwoven fabrics had a highest thermal resistance in all fabric, and the thermal resistance of nonwoven fabric increased with the increase in thickness. The six nonwoven fabrics were exposed to a hot environment for a few minutes by using a self-designed apparatus. The test results showed that the nonwoven fabrics made with basalt fiber exhibited the best thermal protective performance, and the thermal protective abilities of nonwoven fabrics increased with fabric thickness. Interestingly, nonwoven fabrics with added water were found to be able to keep the fabric surface lower temperature compared to dry fabrics when exposed to a hot environment, indicating the excellent thermal protective performance of wet nonwoven fabrics.

Effect of air plasma treatment on interfacial shear strength of carbon fiber–reinforced polyphenylene sulfide

Plasma treatment, an environmentally safe method, was applied for surface modification of carbon fibers (CFs) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers. The morphology, crystallization property, thermal stability, and chemical properties of CF/PPS composites were determined, respectively, by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Interfacial micromechanical performance of CF/PPS composites was investigated by microbond test. The influence of plasma treatment on the apparent interfacial shear strength ( τapp) of CF/PPS micro-composite was systematically evaluated. The plasma treatment of CF reduced the τapp of the micro-composite by 13.7% and that of CFs and PPS fibers by 3.4%. However, the plasma-treated PPS fibers increased the τapp of the micro-composite by 17.1%. The present study demonstrates that matching of polarity between CF and the resin plays a great role in reinforcement of interfacial property.

Process–structure relationship of carbon/ polyphenylene sulfide commingled hybrid yarns used for thermoplastic composites

Commingling is a prospective manufacturing process for the production of hybrid yarn in which a reinforcement material and a thermoplastic matrix in the form of filaments are mixed to form continuous filament yarn. In this work, hybrid two-component carbon/ polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) yarns designed for high-performance thermoplastic composites were developed. Experiments were carried out to investigate the manufacturing process of commingled yarn and quantify the homogeneity of distribution of carbon and PPS fibers in cross section of commingled hybrid yarns. The effect of process parameters in commingling including degree of overfeeding, production speed, and air pressure on the filament distribution in the cross section of commingled hybrid yarns was investigated. The results show that process parameters play a large part in improving blend uniformity and filament distribution in hybrid commingled yarns. A correlation between the observed homogeneity and the process parameters was established.

Friction Properties of PTFE Matrix Composites Reinforced by PPS and PPTA Fibers

The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix composites reinforced by polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber and poly-p-phenelenferephthalamide (PPTA) fiber were prepared by the processes of mechanical blending, compression molding and sintering. The fractured surfaces of impacting specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tribological properties of the composites were investigated on M-2000 wear tester at dry friction condition. The wear mechanism was also discussed and the wear surfaces were examined by SEM. The result indicates that fibers which diffused in PTFE matrix wind with PTFE molecule chain, and then form grid structure. The load-bearing capacity of composites can be obviously enhanced and the trend of block fragmentation’s slide is inhibited, so that the tribological properties are improved markedly. The friction coefficient of composites is reduced by adding graphite which also prevents fibers leaving. The tribological properties of PTFE matrix composites is greatly improved because of the synergistic effect between fibers and graphite, which has good prospect for low loading application.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber Materials

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber materials, whose raw fibers had been heat treated previously for 1 to 5 days, were prepared by a hot-pressing method. The tribological properties of PPS resin and fiber materials against an AISI 1045 steel ring were evaluated using a block-on-ring wear tester. The results showed that the sample whose raw fibers had been heated at 240°C for 1 day (S1) exhibited the highest impact strength as well as the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The friction coefficient of S1 was 39% lower than that of the PPS resin material, and its wear rate was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the other samples. DSC analysis results indicated that the condensed structure of the samples gradually changed from the crystalline to the amorphous state with the increase of heat-treatment time of the raw fibers. DMA and DSC analysis results proved that severe, oxidative cross-linking reactions occurred when the raw fibers were heated over 3 days. It is concluded that proper heat treatment of the raw fibers is advantageous to improve the degree of crystallinity and appropriate oxidative cross-linking; therefore, the prepared PPS fiber material can exhibit better mechanical and tribological performances.

Evaluation of Polyphenylene Sulfide and Steel Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete Pavement

Strength is the primary concern for Portland cement pervious concrete (PCPC) designs. Since PCPC has a high void ratio (often without fine aggregate due to the permeability requirement), compressive and tensile strengths tend to be lower than those of conventional concrete pavements. In this experimental study, PCPC mixes made with steel fibers and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers and various amounts of sand were evaluated. Mechanical properties, porosity, and permeability of the PCPC were tested. The results pointed out adding fibers to the mixes increased the concrete strength as well as void content. It is noteworthy to mention that PPS fibers performed better than steel fibers. Addition of a small amount of fine sand (approximate 7 % by weight of total aggregate) to the mixes with PPS fibers significantly improved the concrete strength.

Preparation and characterization of polyphenylene sulfide-based chelating fibers

A series of novel chelating fibers containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen heteroatoms were prepared via the functionalization of chloromethylated polyphenylene sulfide (CMPPS). The structures, micromorphology and physicochemical properties of these fibrous adsorptive materials were characterized by FT-IR, elementary analysis, TG and SEM–EDS. The results show that chelating fibers had high functional group contents (3.94 mmol/g for thiourea, 3.85 mmol/g for mercapto, 5.00 mmol/g for methylamine and 6.07 mmol/g for ethylenediamine, respectively). Owing to the unique matrix of polyphenylene sulfide fiber, these fibrous adsorbents possess excellent thermostability. This synthetic method proved a simple and efficient way for the preparation of chelating fibers.

Comparative Analysis of Fibers for Thermal Protective Clothing

This paper firstly introduces the performance of some kinds of thermal protective clothing materials, for example, Nomex, Polysulfonamide fiber (PSA), polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS) and pre-oxidized fiber. Then mainly states the application status through investigation. According to their merits and demerits, we can improve clothes' comfort and functionality through blending. Finally, we should aim to gain more practical and environmental friendly thermal protective fibers.

Polyphenylene sulfide based anion exchange fiber: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Cr(VI)

A fibrous strong base anion exchanger (QAPPS) was prepared for the first time via chloromethylation and quaternary amination reaction of polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS), and its physical-chemical structure and adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) were characterized by FT-IR, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, TG-DTG, elemental analysis and batch adsorptive technique, respectively. The novel fibrous adsorbent could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) over the pH range 1−12, the maximum adsorption capacity was 166.39 mg/g at pH 3.5, and the adsorption behavior could be described well by Langmuir isotherm equation model. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models, and the t1/2 and equilibrium adsorption time were 5 and 20 min respectively when initial Cr(VI) concentration was 100 mg/L. The saturated fibers could be regenerated rapidly by a mixed solution of 0.5 mol/L NaOH and 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and the adsorption capacity was well maintained after six adsorption-desorption cycles.

Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment on Surface Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber

The performance of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS) was investigated by low temperature glow discharge plasma . The experimental results show that under the treatment of different plasma conditions, the PPS fiber surfaces appear the varying degree physics and chemical etching. It’s found that the friction coefficient and hydrophilicity of PPS fiber treated by low temperature plasma improve . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the surface of PPS fiber produced etching, cross-linking, oxidation. Variations of tensile breaking strength of PPS with different parameters are analyzed.

Effect of Carrier on the Structure and Performance of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is considered as a high performance thermoplastic material and to be used in many areas, but the application of PPS used as protective clothing is limited because it is difficulties to be dyed and finished. In this work the effects of benzyl benzoate as a carrier on the structure and performance of PPS especially dyeability were evaluated. The glass transition temperature, crystalline structure and orientation degree of treated PPS fiber with benzyl benzoate were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis and velocity-oriented tester. Adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic study of disperse dye on PPS treated with carrier was carried out under the condition of pH value 5, initial dye concentration 0.01–0.5 g/L and liquor ratio 1,000:1. The results indicated that benzyl benzoate, as a dyeing carrier, could reduce the glass transition temperature and orientation degree of treated PPS fiber. The benzyl benzoate could improve the standard affinity, diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium dyeing rate of disperse dye on PPS fiber, while the decrease of tensile strength was very little.

Preparation of radiation-resistant high-performance polyphenylene sulfide fibers with improved processing

In this research, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers modified by light stabilizer are studied. Tests show that modified PPS fibers have a weak color change after UV irradiation by adding stabilizers, thereby improving the aging properties in light of PPS significantly. In order to improve the toughness of PPS, nano-SiO2 is introduced into matrix to get PPS/nano-SiO2 composite system. The test proves that a decline exists in crystallization ability, however, breaking elongation and fracture work have greatly increased. For overcoming poor performance in spinning, PPS is mixed with HPPS, which showed a lower spinning temperature and obvious improvement of spinnability.

Research on the Acid Fastness of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber is a kind of high-performance fiber. This paper aimed at investigating the acid resistant performance of PPS fiber. The corrosive action of PPS fiber in nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), the mixture of HNO3 and HCl, the mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4, the mixture of HNO3, H2SO4 and HCl were researched. In addition, the influence of various acid concentrations on the performances of the PPS fiber was also studied in the paper. The acid-treated sample was analyzed by the fiber tensile instrument, the Fourier infrared spectrometer, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the change of mechanical performance, configuration and appearance.

Flame Retardants in Commercial Use or Development for Textiles

Non-durable and semi-durable flame retardants based mostly on phosphate or phosphonate salts continue to be used on infrequently washed or disposable goods, and recent improvements have been made to impart better `hand' or some limited wash resistance. Backcoating with insoluble ammonium polyphosphate, usually with additives and binders to provide intumescence, has been found effective on charrable fabrics. However, the leading backcoating effective on a wider range of fabrics, including synthetics and blends, is decabromodiphenyl ether plus antimony oxide. Newer candidates in development for textile coating are polymers and copolymers of pentabromobenzyl acrylate. The leading durable finish for cellulosic fibers, in use for about 50 years, continues to be based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts reacted with urea and cured with gaseous ammonia. Softer versions have been recently developed using chemical or process modifications, or using selected fiber blends. Somewhat less durable phosphonic ester methylolamide finishes, not requiring gaseous curing, are used on cellulosic fabrics, especially overseas. Other competitive wash-durable phosphorus-based finishes for cellulosics and blends are in development. Polyesters continue to be flame retarded using a phosphonate or hexabromocyclododecane in a `thermosol' process. Polyesters with built-in phosphinate structures are available as specialty fabrics. A dialkylphosphinate salt has been recently introduced as a melt spinning additive in polyester. A tribromoneopentyl phosphate melt spinning additive has been developed for polypropylene fiber. A number of inherently flame retardant synthetic fibers recently achieving increased usage include melamine-based fiber, viscose rayon containing silicic acid, aramides, oxidized polyacrylonitrile, and polyphenylene sulfide fibers. Some of these are used in protective clothing. The recent California and Federal mattress open-flame test standards have brought barrier fabrics into prominence. Some of these barriers use boric acid on cotton batting, others are proprietary composites and blends, both woven and nonwoven, comprising inherently flame retarded fibers combined with lower cost non-flame-retardant fibers. Upholstered furniture open-flame standards are pending.