Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites Research Articles

Pengembangan Acetylated Cellulose Nanofibers dari Microcrystalline Cellulose: Studi Perubahan Gugus Fungsi dan Indeks Kristalinitas melalui Asetilasi dan Nanofibrilasi

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has promising potential as a reinforcement in polymer matrix nanocomposites. CNF is polar or hydrophilic due to having many hydroxyl groups. When CNF particles are combined with a non-polar polymer matrix, the CNF is difficult to distribute evenly and tends to agglomerate due to differences in polarity so that the strengthening effect of CNF is limited. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to chemically modify the CNF surface. Acetylation is one of the most widely used CNF surface modification methods to increase the compatibility between a non-polar polymer matrix and CNF. Through the acetylation process, some of the hydroxyl groups of CNF are replaced with acetyl groups which are hydrophobic. Furthermore, the CNF resulting from the acetylation process is known as acetylated CNF (acetylated cellulose nanofibers or ACNF). The acetylation process is carried out by first mixing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles into 75 mL of acetic anhydride solution. Next, the mixture was stirred using a high-speed blender for 30 minutes for the MCC nanofibrillation process to occur. In this research, the influence of acetylation and nanofibrillation processes on the characteristics of ACNF was studied through studying chemical structure changes using ATR-FTIR and crystallinity index using XRD. The results of the ATR-FTIR analysis show that there are 3 new peaks in the ACNF spectrum, namely at 1720, 1369 and 1203 cm-1, which proves that there is a change in the structure of cellulose after being given acetylation treatment. The results of XRD show that surface treatment of acetylation and nanofibrillation with a high-speed blender increases the ACNF crystallinity index value by 82.53%. Overall, the resulting ACNF has great potential as a reinforcement for polymer matrix nanocomposites.

Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Hybrid Nanofillers in Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical and Electrical Performance

This research examines the synergistic impacts of hybrid nanofillers, particularly silica nanoparticles (SiO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in polyethene (PE) network nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are methodically arranged and characterized for predominant mechanical and electrical execution. Tensile tests uncover a significant upgrade in mechanical properties, with test C showing a tensile quality of 83.2 MPa, flexible modulus of 3.6 GPa, and stretching at a break of 11.8%. Electrical conductivity estimations demonstrate an outstanding change, with test C coming to 1.1×10 −4 S/m Comparative investigation with related works exhibits the competitive points of interest of the crossover nanocomposites, adjusting with later improvements within the field. Morphological examination through checking and transmission electron microscopy affirms the successful scattering and interconnectivity of cross-breed nanofillers inside the polymer network. Affectability examinations emphasize the significance of preparing parameters in fitting nanocomposite properties, whereas recreation studies give hypothetical bits of knowledge into microstructural angles impacting by and large execution. This study contributes to the advancing scene of hybrid nanocomposite materials, advertising a promising road for the improvement of progressed materials with improved multifunctionality.

Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites through Tailored Nanomaterial Architectures

This research explores the custom-made design of nanomaterial designs to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) framework nanocomposites. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified nano-silica (PVP-SiO2) were deliberately consolidated into the PP matrix, illustrating improved scattering and interaction at the atomic level. Morphological examination uncovered a uniform dissemination of nanofillers, driving to upgrade mechanical properties. Tensile tests illustrated a dynamic increment in Young’s Modulus and Tensile Strength with higher concentrations of nanofillers, especially in definitions NC3 and NC4. Thermal analysis, counting differential checking calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrated hoisted glass move temperatures and upgraded warm solidness. Comparative execution with related works highlighted the special commitments of this ponder, emphasizing green activities, sustainability, and progressions in multifunctionality. The nanocomposites display promising results, with NC3 appearing with a Young’s Modulus of 2.5 GPa and Tensile Strength of 35 MPa, whereas NC4 accomplished a Young’s Modulus of 3.0 GPa and Tensile Quality of 40 MPa. These discoveries emphasize the potential of tailored nanomaterial models for creating high-performance and environmentally capable polymer network nanocomposites.

Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Sustainable Packaging: A Green Approach

This research examines the characteristics and ecological viability of polymer matrix nanocomposites used in sustainable packaging. Nanocomposites were produced by combining varied proportions of polymer and nanofiller material. Through mechanical testing, it was determined that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the maximum tensile strength of 55 MPa, as well as a Young’s modulus of 3.5 GPa, showing greater stiffness in comparison to the other formulations. The evaluation of barrier qualities revealed that nanocomposite formulation 2 exhibited the most minimal oxygen permeability at a rate of 8 cc/m²/day and the lowest water vapor transmission rate at 4.5 g/m²/day, showing very efficient performance in preventing the passage of gases and moisture. The environmental impact study showed that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the most efficient energy consumption during manufacture, with a rate of 1.8 kWh/kg. It also had the lowest waste creation, with just 0.08 kg/kg, and the lowest CO2 emissions, with only 0.4 kg/kg. Nanocomposite formulation 3 demonstrated substantial improvements in mechanical characteristics, barrier properties, and environmental impact indicators when compared to the reference formulations, as shown by the percentage change analysis. In summary, this study showcases the capabilities of polymer matrix nanocomposites, specifically formulation 3, as environmentally friendly packaging materials that offer improved mechanical properties, effective barrier performance, and reduced ecological footprint. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable packaging solutions across different industries.

Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polymer nanocomposites: Micromechanical modeling and interfacial analysis

One of the challenges to be addressed in the reasonable prediction of the mechanical properties of nanocomposites at elevated temperatures is the quantitative characterization of the temperature-dependent interfacial behavior. In this study, the temperature-dependent mechanical properties for graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced polymer-matrix nanocomposites are modeling based on the nonlinear interfacial shear stress transfer mechanism. Besides, the influence of interfacial debonding, polymer matrix plasticity, thermomechanical parameters of components, and their evolution with temperature, as well as the orientation, dimensions and volume fractions of GNPs is considered. The Young's modulus, yield/ultimate strength, and stress-strain relationships at elevated temperatures are predicted and are verified by the available experimental data. Compared to the extended room-temperature models previously established, the proposed model considering the microscopic structures achieves higher prediction accuracy with only basic material parameters input. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent interfacial mechanical behavior is analyzed. The initial strain of debonding and the maximum debonding ratio of the interface at elevated temperatures are calculated. The micromechanical modeling establishes the quantitative relationships between the temperature-dependent interfacial behavior and the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. This study deepens the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the interface and their evolution with temperature, which contributes to the prediction of the high-temperature mechanical performance and reliability analysis of nanocomposites.

The Comprehensive Features, Current Aspects, Synthesis, Characterization and Role of Nanomaterials in Modern Industries through Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has attained the valuable significant attention throughout time because to its compelling and pioneering uses in the forthcoming industrial age, particularly in relation to nanomaterials. Nanomaterials find applications in several areas, including agriculture, biomedicine, electronics, energy, transportation, communications, cosmetics, coatings, materials, and mechanical engineering. Numerous techniques have been used to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) with precise control over their form, size, dimensions, and structure. There may be exist two primary methodologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles, namely the top-down and bottom-up techniques. These nanoparticles include core/shell (CS) nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs), platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs), and silicon nanoparticles (Si). The physicochemical qualities may vary depending on the size and form of the object. There are many categories of nanocomposites, including ceramic matrix nanocomposites, metal matrix nanocomposites, and polymer matrix nanocomposites. Semiconductor materials have characteristics that lie between those of metals and nonmetals, making them very versatile and widely used in numerous applications, as documented in the literature. Semiconductor nanoparticles have broad bandgaps, resulting in notable modifications to their characteristics via bandgap tuning. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are widely recognized as prominent constituents within the carbon-based nanomaterials category. There are many aspects of the functional nanomaterial needed to explore their chemical and physical potentials for the use in the sub valuable industries areas.

Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of a SrFe12O19/PLA composite

Polymer matrix nanocomposites are extensively explored due to their usefulness and relevant physicochemical properties. Once these properties are present instantaneously, reacting at relative stimuli, multifunctional applications are succeeded. In the current work, we have investigated the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of a system formed from the SrFe12O19 hexaferrite (SrM) and polylactic acid (PLA). The SrM particles were obtained by solid reaction method and embedded in a PLA thermoplastic polymeric matrix to form the SrM/PLA composite. The structural, magnetic, and electrical properties were investigated from the experimental measurements obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and impedance spectroscopy (IS), respectively. The Match-3 Software was used to determine the present phases in each sample. The results suggest the coexistence of both phases independently (SrM and PLA). In addition, the lattice parameters experience minimal variation for the individual phases of the compound. It was noticed that the magnetic properties are modulated as a function of the SrM hexaferrite phase concentrations and the magnetic interactions' nature. Finally, the electrical properties (impedance complex, real and imaginary permittivity) showed wide variability with changes in the phase content. For all samples, the characteristic values of s(300) between 0.9926 ± 0.0002 and 0.9737 ± 0.0003 indicated the electron hopping mechanism.

Improvements in the mechanical and thermal characteristics of polymer matrix composites reinforced with various nanofillers: A brief review

The review is on improvement in properties of polymer matrix composite reinforced with nanofillers. Here the discussion is on the three fundamental aspects, such as the choice of filler, processing, and characterization aspects of polymer matrix nanocomposite. The choice of nanofillers is based on dimensions i.e, zero-dimensional (0D) appears as spherical, one-dimensional (1D) appears as fibrous, and two-dimensional (2D) appears as layered structures discussed. The polymer nanocomposites processed through several methods are discussed. The characterization techniques, like mechanical and thermal properties, are also emphasized. The polymer matrix nanocomposite (PMNC) is also explored for its application areas. The future directions for PMNCs encompass addressing challenges related to sustainability, scalability and processing techniques, and cost-effectiveness. The large-scale production of PMNCs with consistent properties remains challenging, requiring advancements in processing techniques such as melt blending, solution casting, and electrospinning. This review will support the researchers in providing a thorough guideline in the relevant area.

Electrical conductivity of graphene/Si3N4 doped PLA produced by fused filament fabrication

Today, the technological, scientific and industrial use of micro- or nano-scale products has rapidly expanded. Nanoparticles are added to metal, ceramic and polymer materials to produce nanocomposite materials. Polymer matrix nanocomposites have advantages over other materials in terms of weight, performance and price. As known from the literature, imparting electrical conductivity to thermoplastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) is possible. The industrial use of thermoplastic matrix has been the focus of nanocomposites due to its low cost, ease of production and recycling. Research on the use of 3D printers in the production of nanoscale-doped thermoplastics has been less common. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing method compared to traditional processing methods. Additive manufacturing is based on adding layer by layer to reduce production costs and reduce the production cycle. This study prepared nanocomposite material by adding nano-sized graphene and Si3N4 to PLA material at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt. %. The prepared polymer matrix nanocomposite groups were produced using a fused filament fabrication (FFF-3D) printer and their electrical conductivity was examined at the five different points by the four-point probe method. According to the test results, the electrical conductivities of 1 and 2 % doped PLA are very close. But the 1 % doped samples is the composite group with the best conductivity with a value of 153.44 S/m. A value of 151.25 S/m followed this for 2 % doped PLA and 138.57 S/m for 3 % doped PLA. Thus, it was concluded that the electrical conductivity was reduced with the increased dope rate. Also, all samples' hardness was measured by the Shore D test. Although the increase in the hardness value of the samples did not affect as much as the increase in the dope ratio, the hardness values increased with the increase in the nanoadditive ratio.

Effect of aspect ratio of synthetic Wollastonite nanofibers on mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyoxymethylene nanocomposites

AbstractPolyoxymethylene (POM) nanocomposites were reinforced with 1 phr of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers (SWN) to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio of SWN on the mechanical, thermal and flammability properties. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and impact strength of POM nanocomposites demonstrated an increasing trend as the aspect ratio of SWN increased. POM nanocomposites incorporated SWN with an aspect ratio of about 20 (POM/SWN‐20) exhibited higher tensile strength (2%), Young's modulus (3%) and impact strength (50%) as compared to that of about 5 (POM/SWN‐5). A higher aspect ratio of SWN also contributed to the better thermal stability of POM nanocomposites, in which the initial degradation temperature of POM/SWN‐20 was about 6°C higher than POM/SWN‐5. Interestingly, SWN that possessed a lower aspect ratio performed better in flame retardancy, as indicated by the increase in the time to ignition and the decrease in the peak heat release rate. This present study demonstrates the relationship between the aspect ratio of filler (SWN) with the polymer matrix (POM), which is crucial in producing nanocomposites that have great potential in automotive applications.

Determination of mechanical properties of nanocomposites reinforced with spherical silica nanoparticles using experiments, micromechanical model and finite elements method

In this research, experimental, numerical, and micromechanical methods are used to determine the effects of silica nanoparticle content on the elastic modulus of polymer matrix nanocomposites in tension and compression. The direct mixing method was used to prepare experimental samples containing 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 volume fractions of silica nanoparticles. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposites is evaluated by the Einstein, Guth, Mori-Tanaka, Halpin-Tsai, Kerner, and Ji et al. micromechanical models. In addition, the elastic modulus of the nanocomposites is evaluated using the RVE method in ABAQUS software. The effects of volume fraction and diameter of silica nanoparticles, thickness, and adhesion exponent of the interphase on the elastic modulus of polymeric nanocomposite are extensively examined. Stiffer elastic modulus behavior is found in the presence of interphase region. The results indicate that the elastic modulus of nanocomposites reinforced with spherical silica nanoparticles is improved with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction, decreasing the nanoparticle diameter, increasing the interphase thickness, and decreasing the interphase adhesion exponent. The validity of the results of numerical and micromechanical models has been checked with experimental results. It can be seen that the results obtained from the experiments with 1 hour of ultrasonic waves in the tensile samples with volume fractions of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5, compared to the pure sample, have increased by 5.4, 10.3, and 9.7 percent, respectively. Similarly, for compression samples with the same volume fractions, the results have increased by 7, 13, and 11 percent, respectively.

Recent advancements in polymer matrix nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications

Recent advancements in polymer matrix nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications

Analysis of mechanical properties enhancement on composites of AA7175 by multi walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT)

Developed to meet the demands of appealing contemporary materials, nanocomposites are polyphase materials that include a matrix and nano-reinforcement. The major types of nanocomposites are as follows. They are categorized as fiber-reinforced nanocomposites, laminar nanocomposites, and particulate nanocomposites based on the reinforcing component, whereas they are classed as metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix nanocomposites based on the matrix ingredient. Due to its advantages over polymer and ceramic matrix, metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are the most common type of nanocomposites employed in industrial applications. To improve the physical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of conventional materials, nanocomposites are often formed by reinforcing nanoscale tubes, fibres, particles, or sheets. To keep up with technological advancements, drive market changes, and bridge technological gaps by revolutionizing the product, innovative nanocomposites must be used in advanced engineering applications. The high-strength, light-weight aluminium alloy matrix nanocomposites (AMNCs) are able to replace traditional materials to a greater extent in cutting-edge applications including the automotive, aircraft, marine, defense, leisure, and electronic industries. In this study deals with the property enhancement analysis by means of the assistance of Multi Walled Carbon nano tube (MWCNT) nano particles encouragement in AA7175 aluminium alloy. The main focus of this investigation on the tensile related mechanical properties such as tensile strength, percentage of elongation and yield strength. The composites were created with the mass fractions of 5.0 wt%, 4.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 2.0 wt% and 1.0 wt% of MWCNT with 95.0 wt%, 96.0 wt%, 97.0 wt%, 98.0 wt% and 99.0 wt% of AA7175 aluminium alloy. These composite mechanical properties were compared with the pure AA7175 aluminium alloy. Among the comparison of these composites values 3.0 wt% of MWCNT produce the greater results on the considered composites. The composite sample recorded high Ultimate Tensile Strength of 431.12 MPa, low Percentage of elongation of 9.58% and high Yield strength of 396.63 MPa.

Investigation of laser micro-drilling machinability and performance optimization of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different carbon allotropes

The comparative assessment of the laser micro-drilling machinability of polymer matrix nanocomposites dispersed with conducting fillers of different carbon allotropes (carbon nanotube (CNT), graphite, and carbon black (CB)) to produce minimum taper and heat-affected zone (HAZ) has been first time reported in this article. The required composite specimens are synthesized via ultrasonicator-assisted compression molding method and characterized for their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The central composite design-based response surface methodology (CRSM) is implemented for the planification of experimentation using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and subsequent higher-order regression modeling of the desired performance indicators. The contemporary accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique and metaheuristic whale optimization algorithm (WOA) have been utilized to define optimum controllable process parameters (pulse frequency, cutting speed, lamp current, and air pressure) and the assortment of optimum conditions are justified by performing confirmatory tests. CNT-reinforced composite material exhibits superior tensile, hardness, and thermal properties whereas graphite-based polymer composite show good electrical conductivity. The most minor taper and HAZ values are observed in the laser micro-drilling of epoxy-based CNT and CB materials, respectively. The two swarm-based algorithms predict more accurate results for the desired output responses than the statistical CRSM, with the least errors compared to the values attained by the WOA. Optimal taper (with CNT/epoxy composite at 30 m/s cutting speed, 22.6 amp lamp current, 3 kHz pulse frequency, and 1 kg/cm2 air pressure) and HAZ (with CB/epoxy composite at 30 m/s cutting speed, 22.97 amp lamp current, 3 kHz pulse frequency, and 5 kg/cm2 air pressure) values obtained in the confirmatory test showed 15% and 12% errors, respectively, as compared to the predicted data in WOA.

A comparison study of polymer-matrix nanocomposites as sacrificial thermal protective materials

A comparison study of polymer-matrix nanocomposites as sacrificial thermal protective materials

Addressing Nanocomposite Systems via 3D-SCFT: Assessment of Smearing Approximation and Irregular Grafting Distributions

We develop a three-dimensional self-consistent field-theoretic approach (3D-SCFT) for polymer matrix nanocomposites of arbitrary geometries, e.g., polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs), polymer brushes, and particle solids. The spatio-temporal discretization of Edwards’s diffusion equation is realized with the finite element method (FEM). Unidimensional implementations for PGNPs (1D-SCFT) invoke the smearing approximation (SA), which treats the grafting points as being delocalized across a spherical shell. By conducting detailed comparisons between 1D-SCFT and 3D-SCFT, we assess the accuracy of the SA in terms of reproducing key structural and thermodynamic properties of dilute grafted silica/polystyrene NPs in molten polystyrene. The SA yields accurate radially averaged structural features such as the mean brush thickness and its scaling with grafting density, chain length, and particle size. The free energy is reproduced accurately as well, albeit noticeable deviations are observed when transitioning toward the mushroom regime. In the SA, the stretching free energy is a function of the radial distance of the free end of a grafted chain from the particle surface. In 3D-SCFT, the grafting points are fixed in space, and thus chain stretching is described more accurately. 3D-SCFT offers direct access to the spatial distribution of the segment density of a chain and affords detailed visualization of the mushroom-to-dense brush transition, at the levels of both the whole system and individual grafted chains. By taking advantage of the single-chain representation in 3D-SCFT, we explore NPs with arbitrary grafting distributions (e.g., rings, tadpoles, and dual-poles) and the corresponding variation of the free energy and structural properties. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the grafting distribution is examined as an additional degree of freedom in a 3D field-theoretic framework. Our work constitutes a step toward the computational design of nanocomposites with tailor-made self-assembly properties, achieved by controlling the interactions of nanoparticles through modulation of the distribution of points of attachment of grafted chains on their surface (e.g., Janus particles).

Polymer matrix nanocomposites from the ecological aspect in the automotive industry

Meeting the stringent requirements of the automotive industry that the material must meet in terms of price and performance is a serious challenge for engineers. The use of lightweight materials has led to the use of polymer nanocomposites in the automotive industry but has also led to new issues such as the impact on the ecological aspect of the environment. Tests, which are still ongoing, have found improvements in many material properties such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and magnetic. So, on one hand, improved properties and low prices of production and manufacturing have been recorded, on the other hand, there is insufficient research of their impact on the environment, which this paper aims to investigate.

A Feasible Compatibilization Processing Technique for Improving the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Rubbery Biopolymer/Graphene Nanocomposites.

Over the last few decades, processing and compatibility have become challenging and interesting investigation areas of polymer matrix nanocomposites. This study investigated the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) at different ratios with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in poly(lactic acid)/modified natural rubber/polyaniline/GnP (PLA/m-NR/PANI/GnP) nanocomposites via two processing methods: a two-step technique and a one-pot technique. The former technique involved first preparing a master batch of PLA grafted with MAH, followed by a second step involving the melt blending of the nanocomposite (T1) using MAH-g-PLA. On the other hand, the one-pot technique involved the direct mixing of MAH during the melt-blending process (T2). The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated. The findings showed that adding MAH significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break by about 25% for PLA/m-NR/PANi/GnP nanocomposites, with an optimal ratio of 1:1 of MAH-g-PLA to GnP loading using the T1 technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical interaction between MAH and PLA for T1 nanocomposites, which exhibited improved phase morphology with smoother surfaces. MAH-compatibilized nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stabilities when compared to the sample without a compatibilizer. The findings show that the compatibilized PLA nanocomposite is potentially suitable for bio-inspired materials.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ch-PANI-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite and Its Water Remediation Applications

Using the batch adsorption technique, an eco-friendly polymer composite made of chitosan, polyaniline, and iron (III) oxide was developed for removal of dye contamination from wastewater. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis), and thermogravimetric-derived thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) techniques were used to characterize the sample. According to EDX, the Ch-PANI-Fe2O3 hybrid composite has the following weight ratios: C 34.25%, N 0.48%, O 50.51%, and Fe 3.08%. The nanocomposite’s surface was rough with pleats, which was evident from the SEM and TEM images. This surface structure likely contributed to the nanocomposite’s higher dye adsorption rate (91.5%). According to SEM analysis, the proportion of Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the chitosan–polyaniline composite changed the hybrids’ morphology from granular to an irregular, globular-like structure, which was supported by EDX. The results demonstrated that this polymer matrix (chitosan-PANI-Fe2O3) nanocomposite can be employed as an adsorbent for the effective removal of methyl orange dye, as well as for the removal of dye contamination from wastewater with reusability.

Multifunctional Performance of Hybrid SrFe12O19/BaTiO3/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites.

Polymer matrix nanocomposites are widely studied because of the versatility of their physical and mechanical properties. When these properties are present simultaneously, responding at relative stimuli, multifunctional performance is achieved. In this study, hybrid nanocomposites of SrFe12O19 and BaTiO3 ceramic particles dispersed in an epoxy resin matrix were fabricated and characterized. The content of SrFe12O19 was varying, while the amount of BaTiO3 was kept constant. The successful fabrication of the nanocomposites and the fine dispersion of the ceramic particles was verified via the morphological and structural characterization carried out with X-ray Diffraction patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy images. Dielectric response and related relaxation phenomena were studied by means of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. Dielectric permittivity augments with filler content, while the recorded relaxations, with descending relaxation time, are: (i) interfacial polarization, (ii) glass-to-rubber transition, (iii) intermediate dipolar effect, and (iv) re-orientation of polar-side groups of the main polymer chain. SrFe12O19 nanoparticles induce magnetic properties to the nanocomposites, which alter with the magnetic filler content. Static and dynamic mechanical response improves with filler content. Thermogravimetric analysis shown that ceramic particles are beneficial to the nanocomposites' thermal stability. Glass transition temperature, determined via Differential Scanning Calorimetry, was found to slightly vary with filler content, in accordance with the results from dynamic mechanical and dielectric analysis, indicating the effect of interactions occurring between the constituents. Examined systems are suitable for energy storing/retrieving.