Polymer Cement Research Articles

Study on Carbonation Resistance of Polymer-Modified Sulphoaluminate Cement-Based Materials

The use of tricyclic copolymer latex (AMPS) can effectively improve the carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement. This paper investigated polymer AMPS and polycarboxylic acid to modify sulphoaluminate cement materials by exploring the carbonation level of sulphoaluminate cement paste and mortar and the strength before and after carbonation. Then, the optimal dosage of polymer and polycarboxylic acid was obtained so that the carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement reached the best state. The compressive strength was significantly improved by adding AMPS for sulphoaluminate cement paste and mortar. After carbonation, the strength decreased and combined with the carbonation level; it was concluded that the carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement materials was the best when the optimal dosage of AMPS and polycarboxylic acid was 5% and 1.8%, respectively. Due to the addition of AMPS, the hydrated calcium aluminosilicate (C-A-S-H) and hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gels, generated by the hydration of sulphoaluminate cement and the surface of unreacted cement particles, are wrapped by AMPS particles. The water is discharged through cement hydration. The polymer particles on the surface of the hydration product merge into a continuous film, which binds the cement hydration product together to form an overall network structure, penetrating the entire cement hydration phase and forming a polymer cement mortar with excellent structural sealing performance. To prevent the entry of CO2 and achieve the effect of anti-carbonation, adding polycarboxylic acid mainly improves the sample's internal density to achieve the anti-carbonation purpose.

Organic-inorganic composites based on magnesium phosphate cement and acrylic latexes: Role of functional groups

The role of carboxyl functional groups in acrylic latex employed to fabricate an organic-inorganic composite material based on magnesium phosphate cement has been investigated. The acidic nature of the latex aqueous medium enhanced the dissolution of the magnesium oxide in the first stages of the cement reaction. The following increase in pH promoted the deprotonation of the carboxyl groups, which became involved in surface adsorption effects. Adsorption processes were found to control the nucleation and growth of the reaction products. The resulting overall hindering effect slowed down the reaction rates and delayed the precipitation of the solid phosphates with beneficial consequences, namely, the retardation of setting time and the modulation of the heat released. Modification in the morphology of the formed crystals, with the prevalence of platelet-like over prismatic habit, along with a decrease in their average size, was obtained. The crystals formed in higher amounts with respect to the neat cement because the reaction proceeds closer to equilibrium. The obtained microstructure is strengthened because of a more effective intermingling between crystals and the amorphous phase. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of polymer and phosphate cement improved the elastic properties, and reduced the water absorption, impacting positively on the durability of the composite.

Effect of carbon fiber on the properties of polymer cement based building sealant

AbstractThe working property, bond property, and mechanical property of five kinds of polymer cement based building sealant (PCBS) with different carbon fiber content were tested. The effect of carbon fiber on the properties of PCBS was discussed by analyzing the variation of the leveling performance, consistency, low temperature flexibility, surface dry time, elastic recovery rate, tensile mechanical property, and shear mechanical property of PCBS with carbon fiber content. And the modification mechanism of carbon fiber on PCBS was interpreted using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques. The results shows that PCBS still has good working property and bonding property with carbon fiber addition. As the carbon fiber content increases, the leveling performance and low temperature flexibility of PCBS are unaltered., the consistency increases, while the surface drying time and elastic recovery rate decrease. The tensile and shear mechanical properties of PCBS can be improved by adding carbon fiber. With the increase of carbon fiber content, the strength performance indexes of PCBS increase, while the energy consumption performance indexes first increased followed by a decrease. When the carbon fiber content is 0.1%, the properties of PCBS is the best. The pore structure of PCBS gradually deteriorates, and the total porosity and the percentage of macropores increase with carbon fiber addition. Carbon fiber primarily exerts cracking resistance and internal deterioration effects in PCBS.

Preparation and application of high-performance composite polymer emulsion cement waterproof coatings

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a high-performance composite emulsion cement waterproof coating. The coating has excellent durability and is effective in protecting cement mortar substrates from harmful ions.Design/methodology/approachThe polymer cement waterproof coatings with different emulsion compounding ratios were tested for mechanical properties and water resistance after alkali immersion, water immersion, thermal aging and UV aging, and the coatings were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy after aging to evaluate its durability. Meanwhile, the coating that presents favorable durability was applied to cement mortar test blocks. The protective effect of the coating on the test blocks was tested by immersion method, and X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the eroded test blocks.FindingsThe coating with neoprene latex/acrylate latex weight ratio of 90/10 presents favorable durability and has superior overall performance. Besides, when it is applied to cement mortar blocks, the coatings effectively reduced the erosive effect of harmful ions on cement mortar blocks, resulting in much lower mass change ratios and less internal structural damage of the blocks significantly.Originality/valueThe obtained coating will be of great application potential for use in building waterproofing construction. Moreover, the coating can practically prevent chloride ions and sulfate ions from penetrating cement-based materials.

Synthesis and characterisation of modified antibacterial styrene-acrylate emulsions for polymer cement waterproof coatings

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop the efficiency of styrene-acrylate (SA) emulsions for polymer cement waterproof coatings with improved bacteria resistance and mechanical properties.Design/methodology/approachFor effective bacteria resistance and excellent mechanical properties, various concentrations of methacryloxyethylhexadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (MHDB) were synthesised and incorporated into SA emulsions. The properties of SA emulsions modified with MHDB were characterised and compared with those of unmodified ones according to the formulations of polymer cement waterproof coatings.FindingsThe SA emulsions modified with MHDB exhibited significant enhancement of bacteria resistance and mechanical properties over the unmodified ones. The positive quaternary nitrogen and long-chain alkyl groups of MHDB in SA emulsions could attract phospholipid head groups of bacterial and insert them into the cell wall, which results in biomass leak and bactericidal effect. Moreover, MHDB as a softened monomer was beneficial to the synthesis of SA copolymer with low glass-transition temperature (Tg), then the copolymer and cement would form a more compact film which was the main reason for the enhancement of mechanical properties.Research limitations/implicationsThe modifier MHDB was synthesised from diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAM) and 1-bromohexadecane. Besides, the congeners of MHDB could be synthesised from DEAM and 1-bromododecane, 1-tetradecyl dromide, 1-octadecyl bromide, etc. In addition, the efficiency of other modifications into SA emulsions for antibacterial polymer cement waterproof coatings could be studied as well.Practical implicationsThe method provided a practical solution for the improvement of water-based antibacterial acrylate polymer cement waterproof coatings.Originality/valueThe method for enhancing bacteria resistance and mechanical properties of the waterproof coating was novel and valuable.

The Mechanism of Anticorrosion Performance and Mechanical Property Differences between Seawater Sea-Sand and Freshwater River-Sand Ultra-High-Performance Polymer Cement Mortar (UHPC).

There are abundant sea-sand resources on the earth. Traditional sea-sand concrete faced various problems relating to insufficient anticorrosion ability. In this paper, artificial seawater, sea sand, industrial waste, steel fiber, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer were used to prepare ultra-high-performance polymer cement mortar (SSUHPC). At the same time, freshwater river-sand ultra-high-performance polymer cement mortar (FRUHPC) with the same mixing ratio was prepared for comparative study. The compressive strength of SSUHPC reached 162.1 MPa, while the that of FRUHPC reached 173.3 MPa, which was slightly higher. Meanwhile, SSUHPC showed excellent anticorrosion characteristics in terms of carbonization, frost resistance and chloride resistance, and especially for sulfate resistance. The composition of SSUHPC was separated into three parts: mortar, pore and steel fiber, and the performance difference mechanisms of SSUHPC and FRUHPC were investigated by X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hydration degree of mortar in SSUHPC was higher, with higher content of CSH and CH, and its better optimized gel pore characteristics gave SSUHPC better corrosion resistance. The mechanical properties of SSUHPC were slightly poor due to the uneven dispersion of steel fibers and air pores, with an- air pore porosity of 1.52% (above 200 μm) that was twice that of FRUHPC (0.6%). In this paper, the mechanics and anticorrosion performance of ultra-high-performance polymer cement mortar prepared with seawater sea sand were comprehensively evaluated, and the mechanism of performance difference between SSUHPC and FRUHPC was revealed, conducive to the targeted improvement of sea sand concrete.

POTENTIAL OF GEOPOLYMER COATING FOR LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE VIA MILLING AND DIPPING METHOD: A REVIEW

The high demand for construction materials and building products, particularly aggregates, necessitates the development of innovative as the natural aggregate resource depletes. Lightweight aggregates are one of the alternatives has meet industry demand with low apparent density, excellent thermal insulation property and fire protection. Unfortunately, lightweight aggregate has a high-water absorption rate, which results in low strength and high porosity. These conditions had a negative impact on the qualities of fresh concrete, such as strength, slump, and cracking. Surface coating is thought to be a good way to prevent water absorption by lightweight particles, which lowers the concrete's performance. To reinforce the concrete, inorganic polymer composite material and cement were commonly employed to coat lightweight particles. The article presents a review on current issues facing by lightweight aggregate, mix proportion of geopolymer coating (aluminosilicate raw materials, alkaline activator ratio) and coating method (milling and dipping). This review has highlighted performance of lightweight aggregate for concrete application can be enhanced by approaching geopolymer coating as surface coating.

Valorization of marble powder wastes using rice husk ash to yield enhanced-performance inorganic polymer cements: Phase evolution, microstructure, and micromechanics analyses

The challenge for sustainable development is now constraining scientists, and policymakers to consider alternative materials and processes requiring low energy consumption and low emissions while prioritizing local materials and industrial waste recycling. This study investigates ways to valorize marble waste powders to design a new class of inorganic polymer cement. These powders are among the most important solid wastes globally, and in the Italian island of Sardinia they create a disposal problem. When these powders, which are rich in calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) phases, are incorporated into the geopolymer synthesis, this gives rise to a mix between C–S–H and alkali metal aluminosilicate hydrate (M-A-S-H) systems that are the focus of this study. In detail, C–S–H systems are prepared with various Ca/Si ratios, including CS, C 2 S, and C 3 S. The microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, along with density methods (mercury intrusion porosimetry), macroscopy mechanical testing methods (flexural strength tests) and nanoscale mechanical testing methods (indentation testing and scratch testing). The resulting inorganic polymer cements exhibit both an amorphous and a crystalline phase containing sodium-calcium-aluminum-silicate hydrate N–C-A-S-H. The fraction of the crystalline phase increases when the silica content decreases, from CS to C 3 S, and when the C–S–H fraction increases. In turn, the crystalline phase dictates the pore structure and mechanical properties. Specifically, a homogeneous and compact microstructure with low porosity is observed. The flexural strength ranges from 5.8 to 8.7 MPa, the elastic modulus ranges from 10 to 17 GPa, and the fracture toughness ranges from 0.23 to 0.48 MPa m 1/2 . In general, the lower the silica percentage of the calcium-silicate hydrates and the higher the fraction of calcium silicate hydrate are, the higher the flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness. The underlying mechanism for the observed stiffening, strengthening, and toughening is the insertion of aluminum in the C–S–H defect sites to yield C-A-S-H, along with the formation of sodium silicate gel from excess colloidal silica, which contributes to the reduction in gel pores and matrix densification. The values of porosity, density, and mechanical properties suggest that inorganic polymer cements derived from marble wastes are promising candidates for innovative low-temperature and low-density binders with low carbon footprint satisfying both the requirements of sustainability and the local material concept. • Rice husk ash is suitable to increase the reactivity of marble powder wastes. • The marble-derived inorganic polymer cements show an enhancement in strength. • Two phases co-exist: amorphous metakaolin geopolymer and crystalline N–C-A-S-H. • The N–C-A-S-H crystalline phase content increases with the C–S–H and Ca content. • Marble derived inorganic polymer cements are promising Portland cement alternatives.

Enhanced Electrochemical Matching between NiCo2O4/Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polymer Cement Electrolyte for Structural Supercapacitor

Electrochemical performance of electrode in structural supercapacitor is much lower than that in common supercapacitor owing to solidification confinement of ions movement. Herein, NiCo2O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets are firstly assembled with KOH/polyacrylic acid (PAA)/cement, LiOTf/PAA cement, KOH/polyethylene oxide (PEO) cement and LiOTf/PEO cement into four structural supercapacitors through hydration process. As the NiCo2O4 content in NiCo2O4/rGO composite exceeds 13 wt%, the areal capacitance of NiCo2O4/rGO electrode at high current densities decreases. The (13%) NiCo2O4/rGO electrode presents the best electrochemical performances with initial areal capacitance of 3.16 F cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, capacitance retention rate of 61% after current density increasing by 80-fold and retention of 86.1% after 10000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2. The corresponding four structural supercapacitors show superior electrochemical performances with areal capacitances of ∼ 330.4 mF cm−2, coulombic efficiencies of ∼ 100%, power densities of ∼ 2.7 mW cm−2 and energy densities of ∼ 0.64 mWh cm−2. The electrochemical efficiencies of (13%) NiCo2O4/rGO electrodes in four structural supercapacitor devices are in the range of 0.16 ∼ 0.12, which are prominent in high-end structural supercapacitors. Thus NiCo2O4/rGO electrode is demonstrated to enhance the electrochemical matching with polymer cement electrolyte for structural supercapacitor.

Effect of temperature on the properties of polymer cement composite material

AbstractIn the actual working environment for the polymer cement composite, the effect of temperature on its properties cannot be ignored. In order to investigate the properties of polymer cement composite in extreme temperature environment, this study conducted bond test, tensile test, and shear test of composites at different temperatures (−30, −15, 25, 40, and 60°C). Through measuring the elastic recovery rate of specimens, as well as relevant strength indexes, deformation indexes and energy consumption indexes under tensile and shear loads, the effect of temperature on the bond property, tensile property, and shear property of the composite were investigated. The results show that the polymer cement composite has a good bond property, and no damage occurs at any temperature or after cold drawing and hot pressing cycle. Temperature has a great influence on the tensile property and shear property of polymer cement composite. At a low temperature, the tensile property and shear property improve, the strength and energy consumption indexes increase noticeably, and the elongation at break increases while the peak strain reduces in terms of deformation indexes. At a high temperature, the tensile property and shear property deteriorate, and the strength, deformation, and energy consumption indexes all fall. As a result, the polymer cement composite is more suitable for cold areas.

Graphene oxide-reinforced thin shells for high-performance, lightweight cement composites

Lightweight cement composites have been proposed in the literature, fabricated by controlling the cement coating onto 3D-printed polymer scaffolds to form submillimeter thin-shell structures. In this study, we adopted graphene oxide (GO) to reinforce the thin-shell structures and modify the weak interface between polymer scaffold and cement paste to produce high-performance, lightweight cement composites. The results indicated the thickness of thin shells was maintained constant for different GO dosages by controlling the workability of cement paste. GO significantly reduced high-porosity regions between the cement matrix and polymer scaffold, along with the microstructure refinement of the cement matrix and promoted the formation of low-density calcium-silicate-hydrates (from 50% to up to 66%). The GO shows a much higher reinforcing efficiency than traditional bulk cement, where the composites' compressive strength and specific energy absorption were increased significantly by up to 91% and 78%, respectively, with 0.01 wt% dosage. Compared with traditional lightweight concrete, the compressive strength of the GO-reinforced composites was increased by up to 20-fold. This study promoted understanding of the reinforcing mechanism of GO in thin-shell structures and demonstrated the effectiveness of GO for enhancing the performance of novel lightweight cementitious composites with a wide range of applications for load-bearing, energy absorption, decoration, and thermal insulation.

DEGRADATING CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURES AND LONG-TERM STRUCTURES

The problems of degradation of concrete and reinforced concrete constructions of buildings and constructions of long operation are formulated on the basis of the performed field researches and its urgency is noted in the work. The authors analyzed a number of works on this problem. In particular, the results of technical diagnostics of many buildings and structures, both newly built and long-term operation, are described. The necessity of periodic technical diagnostics is noted. Based on these studies, the main factors that significantly affect the reduction of load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures are summarized and found that they are as follows: design errors, defects and shortcomings of construction and operational shortcomings of buildings and structures. Also, using modern technologies and materials, the authors identified the benefits of their use for repair and restoration of concrete and reinforced concrete structures at a number of long-term facilities. Relevant conclusions have been formulated on research and repair works. It is established that to prevent loss of load-bearing capacity of structures for long-term operation it is necessary to study the degradation and residual life of load-bearing capacity of structures, their reliability and durability, which were exposed to aggressive air, soil and water. It is established that the reason for the decrease in the strength of concrete beams, which were operated in an aggressive environment, was the error in the design of corrosion protection of structures. Reinforcement and injection filling of dry cracks, crevices and hidden cavities and stratifications and other corrosion damage of beams and slabs with the use of fluid polyurethane compositions, which allowed to extend the service life of structures. It is established that the use of the Polymer Cement Concrete system with the use of glued composite materials ensured the further normal operation of the monolithic reinforced concrete floor of the technical floor of the residential building. Recommendations for the sequence of operations in the repair of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures of long-term operation.

Sulphate Corrosion Mechanism of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Prepared with Seawater and Sea Sand.

The lack of river sand is becoming increasingly serious. In this study, we consider how to use sea sand to prepare innovative construction and building materials with excellent mechanical and durability properties. Sulphate corrosion causes expansion, cracking and spalling of concrete, resulting in the reduction or even loss of concrete strength and cementation force. In this paper, artificial seawater, sea sand, industrial waste, steel fiber and polycarboxylate superplasticizer were used to prepare ultra-high-performance polymer cement mortar (SSUHPC), and the sulphate corrosion mechanism was investigated. The strength and cementation force of mortar on the SSUHPC surface decreased and flaked off with the development of sulphate erosion, and the steel fiber rusted and fell off. A 3D model was established based on X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), and the results showed that SSUHPC maintained excellent internal structural characteristics despite severe sulphate erosion on the surface. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were adopted to investigate the sulphate corrosion mechanism of SSUHPC. We found a transition zone within 1–5 mm of the surface of SSUHPC. The Vickers hardness of mortar in this area was increased by 5~15%, and the porosity was reduced to 3.8489%. Obvious structural damage did not occur in this area, but a high content of gypsum appeared. UHPC prepared with seawater sea sand was found to have better sulphate resistance than that prepared with freshwater river sand, which supports the development and utilization of sea sand in concrete.

Studying the Influence of Silica Fume on Bond Strength of the PCM-Concrete Interface under Shear Stress Condition.

The polymer cement mortar (PCM) overlay method is a promising solution for strengthening deteriorated concrete structures in which the occurrence of premature debonding at the interfaces prevents the strengthened structures from achieving full serviceability. The purpose of this study is to improve the concrete–PCM interfacial bond to prevent premature debonding. There are two main focuses of this study: (i) investigation of the effectiveness of adding 5% silica fume to PCM in forming a chemical connection between concrete and PCM, based on a direct single-surface shear test using two roughness levels of concrete (smooth and rough) and microstructure analysis and (ii) performance evaluation of the bond between substrate concrete and a PCM overlay with/without silica fume at early ages and with different moisture conditions at the interface, based on a bi-surface shear test using rough substrate concrete surface. The inclusion of 5% silica fume with PCM caused an improvement in the interfacial strength (approximately 113% relative to the normal PCM in cases of without primer), with a smooth concrete substrate surface where mechanical bonding had less influence. In addition, lower Ca/Si values in the interface of modified 5% silica PCM specimens compared to the normal PCM specimens quantified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicate the formation of a chemical connection at the concrete–PCM interface by transforming harmful Ca(OH)2 into more C-S-H which strongly improves the bonding strength. As a repair layer mortar, the positive influence of silica fume in modified 5% silica PCM specimens was also found at early ages and with different moisture conditions at the interface compared to the normal PCM. In conclusion, the addition of silica fume to the PCM caused chemical connection at the concrete–PCM interface and improved the interfacial performance.

A new ternary composite steel rebar coating for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environment

This work reports a novel ternary cement polymer composite coating (CPFNIC) consisting of fly ash, nanoparticles, and inhibitor with enhanced corrosion protection for steel rebars in a chloride environment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, polarization curves, salt spray test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) were used to understand the corrosion protection mechanism and for characterization of corrosion products. The results show that the new coating significantly delayed the onset of corrosion on rebars in aggressive chloride environments due to the synergistic contributions from the additives used. The electrochemical studies (open circuit potential and corrosion current) indicate a significantly improved corrosion performance of CPFNIC as compared to uncoated rebars. The potentiodynamic polarization results of CPFNIC coated rebars showed high corrosion potential, low corrosion current density, three order higher polarization resistance, and two-order lower corrosion rate than the uncoated rebar. The EIS measurements showed a significantly higher charge transfer resistance for the CPFNIC as compared to the uncoated rebar. The visual inspection and weight loss measurements in salt spray and chemical resistance tests of CPFNIC coated rebars corroborated its improved resistance in chloride environment. Our results suggest the benefits of ternary composite cementitious coating on rebars in enhancing the corrosion protection.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ АРМИРОВАНИЯ КАМЕННЫХ СВОДОВ КОМПОЗИТНЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ

The stone vaults of historical buildings are considered, which, due to a decrease in bearing capacity, require repair and restoration work. An analysis is given of the mechanisms of destruction of cylindrical vaults depending on the ratio of their height to the span. The advantages of strengthening the vaults with the help of reinforcement with composite materials are analyzed. A description is given of the technology of surface reinforcement of stone structures using composite materials on a polymer cement matrix FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix). The technique of experimental studies of models of reinforced and non-reinforced vaults is given. On the basis of the experiment, it is shown that the effectiveness of the reinforcement of the vaults is determined by the features of their stress-strain state and failure mechanisms. In particular, the effectiveness of reinforcement increases with an increase in the ratio of the height of the vaults to its span. These results are substantiated by the fact that in high arches the ratio of bending moments and longitudinal forces is dominant, and in the case of flat arches, longitudinal and transverse forces dominate in their sections, and destruction occurs in the form of shearing along inclined sections. Also, the effectiveness of reinforcement increases with their asymmetric loading relative to the middle of the span. According to the results of the study, graphs of the dependence of the maximum vertical displacements of the vaults were constructed, showing a significant effect of reinforcement on increasing their rigidity. In addition, it is emphasized that by now there is a need for a stable theory of the strength of complex stone structures - curvilinear, vaulted and others that are in a complex stress state. Its appearance can significantly simplify and unify the calculations made when examining stone buildings, drawing up projects for their restoration and reconstruction, and solve the problems of the strength of the masonry of modern facade systems.

Study of the tensile and compressive strength of fiber-reinforced concrete

In this research, the effect of adding fibres from plastic bags waste to the Concrete mixed with local materials, its compressive strength and tensile strength were studied Percentages of cement weight (0.5-2%) while FP plastic fibres I used a reference mixture that is free of any additive and another that contains fibre w/c in the same proportions as the plastic fibres. The ratio of water to FPP polymeric cement For all mixtures are 0.50% and 0.55% and stabilized or weighed cement and large aggregates with Adjust or weigh the small aggregate to suit or weigh the added fibres. The results showed that with 1% with the first mixture and Fp, the compressive strength increased by 3.5%, corresponding to the percentage of fibres 2% of its resistance in the second Fp-free reference mixture is more than 3.9% at fibres. Concrete's tensile strength increases with the first mixture by 26% to 0%. Added from the weight of cement 1% to 1.5%, it increases, and on the other hand, it increases The tensile strength is very similar to that of polypropylene-reinforced concrete To improve the tensile properties of concrete. The density of concrete FP on fibre capacity Those containing plastic are lighter than those containing polypropylene Light concrete, but it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of voids and the possibility of separation for concrete. Production of fibre-reinforced concrete from industrial waste is beneficial Environmental disposal of industrial waste that has a harmful environmental impact and This waste is plastic waste in addition to its availability and cheapness.

SBR-latex modified cementitious composite coatings for concrete rehabilitation and assessment of performance measure

Mortars modified with styrene-butadiene latex (SBR) and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Pozzolonic Pozzolanic Portland cement (PPC) and White Portland cement (WPC) are universally accepted for concrete surface preservations. However, mortar still has application and performance limitations. To overcome this, cementitious composite coatings with various cements and cement at diverse polymer to cement ratios were prepared and evaluated. The experimental results validate that the type of cement influences the performance properties of cementitious coatings. A continuous monolithic polymer cement co-matrix film was applied to achieve better water resistance and adhesion strength. The optimum P/C ratio to achieve better water resistance of PPC, OPC and WPC has found 0.2, 0.2 and 0.4, respectively. In addition, the free cementitious coating polymer film formed by blending latex and cement; WPC-based coating has 10% and 28% highest (5.2 Mpa) tensile strength than OPC and PPC. However, 399% higher slant shear strength than without polymer and confirmed by dynamic mechanical analyses. A SEM analysis confirms an enveloping phenomenon of polymer over cement grains at higher dosages results.

Formation Mechanism and Performance of Polymer Cement Concrete Composite Structure

Formation Mechanism and Performance of Polymer Cement Concrete Composite Structure

Structural supercapacitor constructed by SnO2/graphene coated nickel foam electrode and synchronously synthesized polymer cement electrolyte at room temperature

The design of high comprehensive properties structural supercapacitors requires advanced electrode materials with suitable porous structure for ion diffusion, as well as unique solid electrolyte owning excellent mechanical property under high-pressure compression. Herein, we presented a novel structural supercapacitor cell constructed by graphene-coated nickel foam decorated with SnO2 electrode and PAM–Portland cement electrolyte. It was found that the RGO/SnO2-1 electrode displays superior electrochemical performance with the highest areal capacitance of 0.374 F cm−2 at the current density of 1 mA cm−2, good cycle stability, and capacitance retention rate can reach 80.4% after 1000 cycles. Polymer-inorganic cement electrolyte was prepared by synchronous reaction at room temperature. The resulting structural supercapacitor cell showed relatively high electrochemical and mechanical properties. The areal capacitance was as high as 61.0 mF cm−2 at the current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. The excellent electrochemical performance combined with high mechanical comprehensive properties makes it a promising candidate in civil engineering applications.