Polyherbal Formulation Research Articles

Development of Quality Standard and a Comprehensive Quality Control Study of Bharngyadi Kvatha Churna: An Ayurvedic Formulation

Background: Bharngyadi Kvatha Churna (BKC) is an important polyherbal formulation mentioned in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) for the treatment of intermittent fever and chronic fever but lacks the presence of standardised quality control parameters. Aims: The aim of the present study was to develop a quality standard of BKC and to carry out a comprehensive quality control study, including the evaluation of physicochemical parameters, safety parameters, elemental content, secondary metabolites, and selected phytochemical analysis. Methods: In HPTLC analysis, piperlongumine was quantified in BKC using a silica gel-coated aluminium plate and developing solvent of toluene: acetone (6:4 v/v). In HPLC analysis, piperine was quantified using acetonitrile: water (80: 20 v/v) mobile phase, and ellagic acid was quantified using water (0.05% KH2PO4): acetonitrile (70: 30 v/v) mobile phase. ICP-OES was used to determine elemental content. The estimation of secondary metabolites like total sugars, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins was also carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The volatiles present in the volatile oil of BKC were analysed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Results: The physicochemical parameters namely, loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol- soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, pH (10% aq. susp.), and volatile oil ranged from 10.56% to 11.06%, 4.67% to 5.76%, 0.73% to 1.78%, 7.56% to 8.2%, 12.04% to 13.06%, 5.87% to 5.96%, and 0.091% to 0.097%, respectively. The amount of piperlongumine in BKC ranged from 0.7688 mg/g to 0.9902 mg/g. The amount of piperine and ellagic acid ranged from 0.1180% to 0.1362% and 0.0016% to 0.0034%, respectively. Oleyl alcohol is the major volatile phytochemical present in BKC. Conclusions: The developed standardised quality control parameters of BKC would aid the herbal industry in developing BKC with requisite quality.

Product development and characterization of a lipid-based Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation: Kalyanaka Ghrita

BackgroundKalyanaka Ghrita (KG) is polyherbal oleaginous medicament consisting of extracts from twenty-eight different plants, indicated for management of psychosomatic disorders like Unmada (Schizophrenia), Apasmara (Epilepsy) and numerous other ailments. ObjectiveTo develop and validate standard manufacturing procedure of KG by following Ayurvedic principles in three batches to ensure process uniformity and standards. Materials and methodsThree batches of KG were prepared by adopting principles of Ashtanga Hrudya and Ayurvedic Formulary of India to ensure consistency in manufacturing process. Observations during process such as temperature, duration were recorded. KG was subjected to chief desired characteristics, organoleptic (color, odour, taste, texture, touch), physicochemical (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, loss on drying, refractive index, specific gravity, mineral oil, rancidity test, viscosity) as per pharmacopeial standard. Chromatographic screening and fingerprinting of KG were conducted through GCMS whereas quantification of curcumin and chebulagic acid biomarkers were assessed through HPLC. ResultsAverage yield of KG was 83.41%, with average intermittent heating duration of 20.35 h subsequently divided into three days. Temperature throughout preparation ranged from 66 °C to 101 °C. KG was pale olive in colour, exhibiting pleasant taste, characteristic smell, and soft texture. Organoleptic and physicochemical characters were comparable for three batches of KG while safety parameters were found within permissible limits. ConclusionPharmaceutical standardization of Kalyanaka Ghrita is necessary for establishing biological and chemical profile of formulations. Present study recommends use of coarse powdered ingredients for optimal yield during pharmaceutical process, and heating up to Madhyama Paka stage calibrated over three days with average temperature of 85 °C. The data obtained from this study may contribute to future research and development activities, serving as a basis for manufacturing standards of KG.

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF ASTHISAMHARAKADI CHOORNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHIKSHAYA WITH REFERENCE TO OSTEOPENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, representing a major public health issue. Osteopenia & Osteoporosis characterize a spectrum of conditions that present with decreased bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture. According to Ayurveda, Asthikshaya (diminution of bone) and Asthisoushirya (porosity of bone) are the two conditions which allies with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Asthikshaya and Asthisoushirya consequently lead to high susceptibility of Asthibhagna (fracture). This bone loss is preventable through adequate nutrition, physical activity and appropriate treatment protocols. Detection and prevention in early stages is essential as it may cause burden at individual and socioeconomic level. Ayurveda provides several therapeutic approaches to remodel the depleted or degenerated tissues. Oral administration of Oushadha yogas (medicinal formulations) is one of the highly accepted therapeutic modality. Asthisamharakadi choorna is one such polyherbal formulation which is mentioned in Chakradatta in the context of Bhagna Chikitsa. The review aims to ascertain the pharmacological effects of ingredients of Asthisamharakadi choorna and to propose its probable mode of action in Asthikshaya (osteopenia). The detailed review of the formulation and its constituents was carried from several Ayurvedic classical texts and published research articles. This review presents a detailed understanding on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteoblastogenesis activity of phytoconstituents of Asthisamharakadi choorna. It enables to comprehend the bone remodelling and stabilizing effect of phytoconstituents present in each ingredient of Asthisamharakadi choorna. The pharmacological appraisal of the formulation encourages the clinical employability of Asthisamharakadi choorna for the prevention and management of Asthikshaya or Asthisoushirya, osteopenia and osteoporosis.

AN IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTI-UROLITHIASIS POTENTIAL OF SIDDHA FORMULATION SAGALANOI CHOORANAM USING STRUVITE CRYSTAL GROWTH INHIBITION ASSAY

Renal calculus is a rising concern, with a prevalence of 12% across the world and 12% in India, which is around 2 million people affected by Urolithiasis. The rise in the ratio has been correlated to genetic predisposition, working in high temperatures, high caffeine intake, lack of physical activity, and groundwater consumption. Yet the major risk factor is a diet that consists of excess animal proteins, which reduces urinary PH and citrate excretion, leading to the formation of Renal calculi. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic potential of a polyherbal Siddha formulation Sagalanoi chooranam obtained from the classical Siddha text Brahmamuni Karukidai Soothiram 380. From the results, it was concluded that the drug has a high potential as an alternative for the management of renal calculus in Siddha. The ingredients efficiently manage renal calculus due to their potent anti-urolithiasis activity, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activity as cited in modern research articles and by mitigating azhal and Vata humour as mentioned in classical Siddha texts. The effect of Sagalanoi chooranam on struvite crystal growth inhibition assay through a significant reduction in the crystal size further validates the drug's efficiency in managing Renal calculus. In such a scenario, the Siddha drug Sagalanoi chooranam can be used as an individual drug or alongside Biomedicine in the management of Renal calculi.

Efficacy and safety of a Unani polyherbal formulation with Telmisartan in Stage-2 essential hypertension: An open-label, randomized, standard controlled clinical study

BackgroundDespite several initiatives, research, and advancement, the prevalence of essential hypertension keeps on increasing globally and its adverse impacts remain a public health concern. AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of a Unani polyherbal formulation in patients of Stage-2 hypertension. MethodsAn open-label, randomized, standard controlled clinical study was conducted in the Department of Moalejat, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College Hospital, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, during 2021–2022.Both male and female patients, aged 18–65 years with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and ≤180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and ≤120 mmHg, were enrolled in the study. Test group patients were treated with Unani Polyherbal formulation (1100 mg daily in two divided doses in a capsule form) while control group patients were given Tablet Telmisartan (40 mg) once daily for 3 weeks. ResultsA total of 60 patients of Stage-2 hypertension (30 in test group and 30 in control group) completed the study, out of them 24 patients in the test group and 25 patients in the control group achieved the target Blood Pressure of 120/80 (±10) mmHg. The mean Blood Pressure of test and control group patients at the end of the study was calculated as 132.86/90.06 mmHg and 131.09/91.92 respectively. ConclusionThe test drug (Unani polyherbal formulation) was well tolerated and found as safe and efficacious as the control drug (Telmisartan).

Poweromin X Ten, a polyherbal formulation improves male sexual function: In vivo and network pharmacology study.

Poweromin X Ten (PXT) is a polyherbal formulation, traditionally used to enhance male sexual function. However, the safety and benefits of PXT have not been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxicity and aphrodisiac potential of PXT in male rats and explored its principal mechanisms of action. Male Wistar rats were orally administered PXT (50 or 100 mg/kg) for 28 days, and sexual activity parameters, including latency and frequency of mounting and intromissions, were studied. The reproductive toxicity and spermatogenic potential were also examined. Furthermore, dopamine and serotonin levels in brain regions associated with sexual activity were assessed. Network analysis was used to identify the key bioactive compounds and their core targets involved in their beneficial actions. Treatment with PXT improved sexual activity in male rats, as evidenced by reduced mounting and intromission latency and a significant increase in mount frequency. Moreover, PXT exhibited spermatogenic potential and did not induce reproductive toxicity. Notably, treatment with 50 mg/kg PXT elevated dopamine levels in median preoptic area and hypothalamus. Pathway analysis indicated that PXT primarily modulated the PI3K-Akt, calcium, and MAPK signalling pathways to enhance male sexual function. Network analysis identified macelignan, β-estradiol, testosterone, and paniculatine as key bioactive components of PXT, which likely act through core targets, such as androgen receptor (AR), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to facilitate the improvement of male sexual function. Study results suggest that PXT is a safer alternative with aphrodisiac and spermatogenic potential. These effects are partly attributed to the enhanced dopamine levels in the brain. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the specific signalling pathways and bioactive compounds that underlie the improvements in male sexual function associated with PXT.

Phytoconstituents of a Traditional Oil Formulation Inhibits IL-17A and TNF-α involved in Psoriasis: A Molecular Docking Study

Psoriasis is one of the chronic inflammatory conditions with multifactorial aetiology. Even though there are different treatments available, there is no cure for psoriasis. A Siddha polyherbal formulation, Sivanar vembu kuzhi thailam (SVKT), is used to treat various skin diseases. In this study, methanolic extract of SVKT was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which showed the presence of 86 compounds. They were further subjected to molecular docking to find the effect of SVKT on inflammatory proteins, IL-17A and TNF-α, involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Four shortlisted compounds from SVKT exhibited their inhibitory potential on IL-17A with binding energy varying between -8.2 to -6.6 kcal/mol and three compounds on TNF-α with binding energy varying between -7.8 to -5.6 kcal/mol. Pharmacokinetic properties (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity-ADMET) were also evaluated in silico which showed favourable features. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-octylsulfanyloxane-3,4,5-triol and α-Lactose among the shortlisted constituents, inhibited both proteins through exhibiting multiple interactions. Hence this study provides valuable insights into the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals present in SVKT on IL-17A and TNF-α which may pave way to the discovery of new drugs to treat psoriasis.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Suspension by Using Factorial Design

Herbal remedies serve a vital role in developing therapeutic agents due to their proven effectiveness in treating various ailments. However, identifying active compounds from plant sources presents significant challenges in herbal medicine research. Authenticating these compounds and studying interactions between different herbs, in addition to between herbs and drugs, especially in polypharmacy, are crucial steps. This leads to the re-evaluation and enhancement of agents for improved efficacy and reduced side effects, promoting the development of safer drugs for different disorders. This study employed a 2² factorial design to optimize a polyherbal suspension formulation using Bael (Aegle marmelos) and Bay (Cinnamomum tamala) leaves. This design enabled the exploration of interactions between two key factors: the concentrations of sodium CMC and Tween 20. The study assessed phytochemical properties, sedimentation volume, redispersibility, rheology, viscosity, pH, and crystal growth. Based on optimisation results batch 2 was considered to be optimised batch, demonstrating excellent stability, redispersibility, appropriate viscosity, and stable physicochemical properties. This study underscores the importance of using suitable excipients to enhance the stability of herbal formulations, offering a model for future herbal product development. Key words: Polyherbal, Suspension, Factorial Design, Optimization

Effect of a polyherbal Unani formulation on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients- a randomized single blind placebo controlled clinical trial.

Diastolic dysfunction represents an important pathophysiological intermediate between hypertension and heart failure. In the last two decades, the prevalence of heart failure patients having normal or near normal ejection fraction (EF) has increased to around 60 %. It thus poses a great morbidity and mortality risk to the population. In view of present scenario of high prevalence, lack of evidence-based therapy, and limited clinical trials, this study aimed to evaluate how a Unani formulation affects the improvement of the left ventricular diastolic function. This clinical trial was set up as a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 35 participants, with 18 individuals in the test group and 17 in the control group. Test group received 3.5 g of a polyherbal Unani formulation in capsule form along with 35 mL of an extract of Borago officinalis L. (Arq-e-Gaozaban), divided into two doses after meals. Meanwhile, the control group received a placebo in the same manner over an eight-week period. Follow-ups were conducted every 15days to assess both subjective and objective parameters in all participants. The test formulation shows significant improvement in dyspnea and diastolic function from baseline to the end of trial (p<0.05), slight improvement in palpitations (p>0.05) and highly significant improvement in easy fatigability (p=0.001) as compared to the control. The present study shows the effectiveness of the test drug in enhancing the diastolic function of left ventricle and alleviating other symptoms associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, additional research with longer follow-up durations is necessary to clarify its efficacy and establish optimal treatment approaches for ventricular diastolic dysfunction in Unani medicine.

Effect of Polyherbal Formulation on High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats

Obesity is one of the major chronic diseases in which excess body fat accumulates in visceral organs. It is a chronic metabolic disease due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Various synthetic treatments are available in the market but have side effects such as Joint pain, chest tightness, tiredness, Back and stomach pain. The aim of study was to examine the anti-obesity potential of prepared polyherbal formulation (Hugonia Mystax: Blumea Lacera::1:1) in female Wistar rats. The obesity was induced by a high fat diet. Group 1 Placebo (normal control), Group 2-high fat diet (disease control), Group 3-high fat diet and orlistat (20 mg/kg for last 2 weeks, Group 4 treated with high fat diet and low dose elixir (200 mg/kg i.e. 4ml orally for last 2 weeks of study), Group 5- high fat diet and high dose elixir (400 mg/kg i.e. 8ml orally for last 2 weeks of study). At the end of study rats were subjected to evaluation of physical parameters, liver profile, serum blood glucose level and histopathology of liver and adipose tissue. The result states that formulation has the potential to work on various obesity mechanisms especially on energy intake. The result of the present study concluded that the prepared formulation has anti-obesity potential.

In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected polyherbal formulations sold in Nigeria

Background and aims: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid analgesics are recommended to alleviate or reduce pain. Regrettably, many of these drugs may induce bleeding, dyspepsia, cardiac complications, renal issues, and various short- or long-term adverse effects. Consequently, there has been an escalation in the endeavor to develop natural anti-inflammatory medications, driven by the growing number of individuals seeking natural therapies to manage their pain. The polyherbal formulations (Yoyo and Dr. Iguedo Goko bitters) have not assessed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; hence, this study "in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected polyherbal formulations sold in Nigeria." Methods: The evaluation of antioxidant activity was performed using three assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. In vitro, anti-inflammatory efficacy was investigated using the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization technique. Results: The DPPH radical scavenging ability result was observed; the IC50 value of Yoyo bitters (40.63±0.90 % at 250 µg/mL) was highest, while Dr. Goko bitters (3.26±0.21% at 50 µg/mL) was lowest. Meanwhile, the positive control (ascorbic acid) had an IC50 value of 93.54±0.57% at 250 µg/mL. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power of the samples was highest in Dr. Goko bitters, 1.96±0.02 % at 250 µg/mL, and lowest in Dr. Goko and Yoyo bitters, 0.46±0.01% at 100 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity of the samples was highest in Yoyo bitters, 58.0.3±0.60 % at 250 µg/mL, and lowest in Dr. Goko bitters, 7.28±0.02 % at 50 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory findings indicate that Yoyo bitters exhibited the highest percentage protection (89.46±6.11%) at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL, while the lowest percentage protection (26.62±1.13%) was observed at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The reference standard diclofenac sodium has a percentage of 90.46±1.44 at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the poly-herbal formulations had the highest and lowest total phenolic concentrations in Yoyo bitters (97.52±1.43 mg GAE/g at 250 µg/mL), and Dr. Goko bitters (47.3±1.44 mg GAE/g at 50 µg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the formulations might not have effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities when compared with the reference standard drugs (ascorbic acid and diclofenac sodium), respectively.

Analytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of seven markers in polyherbal formulation JKC by using RP-HPLC

BackgroundThe RP-HPLC method has been established to simultaneous estimation of seven markers in polyherbal formulation JKC using the C18 (25 × 0.46 cm, i.d,5 µm) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: water (80:20) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and observed retention time at 2 to 11 min with sharp points. The marker compounds viz. Andrographolide (AG), Piperine (PP), Picroside-I (P-I), Picroside-II (P-II), α-Cyprone (AC), 6-Shogaol (6S), and 6-Gingerol (6G) were quantified in JKC formulations by HPLC method. Detection was performed at the wavelength (λ) of 229 nm for AG, 343 nm for PP, 279 nm for P-I, 264 nm for P-II, 254 nm for AC, and 280 nm for both 6S and 6G by HPLC–PDA detector.ResultsThe marker compounds in JKC formulations were observed in different retention times (Rt) i.e. AG at 3.060 ± 0.01 min, PP at 5.460 ± 0.03 min, P-I at 2.789 ± 0.02 min, P-II at 2.553 ± 0.03 min, AC at 10.951 ± 0.02 min, 6S at 6.302 ± 0.03 min, and 6G at 4.111 ± 0.02 min respectively. The proposed method was validated with acceptable linearity (r2 0.9995–0.9999), precision, robustness, ruggedness, and accuracy (RSD < 2%) under optimum conditions. The limit of detection and quantification of bioactive markers were as: AG (1.386; 4.200 ppm), PP (2.033; 6.161 ppm), P-I (2.822; 8.553 ppm), P-II (2.538; 7.691 ppm), AC (0.269; 0.815 ppm), 6G (0.158; 0.480 ppm), 6S (0.188; 0.569 ppm). The amount (mg/g) of bioactive markers detected and estimated in plants and formulation were as: AG (41.282 ± 0.48; 10.06 ± 0.18), PP (53.81 ± 0.25, 13.82 ± 0.37 in PN, PL; 4.27 ± 0.07), P-I (15.97 ± 0.01; 0.48 ± 0.003), P-II (63.24 ± 0.35; 2.31 ± 0.006), AC (0.42 ± 0.01; 0.36 ± 0.006), 6G (0.71 ± 0.03; 0.16 ± 0.001), and 6S (2.64 ± 0.09; 0.12 ± 0.004) respectively. Method was found to be rugged and robust. The results found for all the validation parameters were within the limits according to ICH guidelines.ConclusionThe proposed method is fast, precise, economic, and specific and used for the simultaneously quantifiable analysis of seven major bioactive markers in the ingredients (herbs) and the JKC formulations.

Formulation and Evaluation of Diuretic Activity of Polyherbal Drug in Rats

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the diuretic activity of an ethanolic extract of a polyherbal formulation containing four drugs: seeds of Coriandrum sativum, buds of Syzigiumaromaticum, leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and curcumin (Curcuma longa), as well as leaves of Syzigiumaromaticum. According to the findings of this investigation, the extract of a polyherbal formulation (including seeds of Coriandrum sativum, buds and leaves of Syzigiumaromaticum&amp; leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) possessed substantial activity. Various quantities of Polyherbal formulations (200 and 400 mg/kg), furosemide (10 mg/kg), and vehicle were given orally to rats (n = 6 animals per group), and the urine output was collected after 24 hours. All concentrations of Polyherbal formulation exhibited a dose-dependent relationship when compared to the control animals in the study. According to the findings of this study, the Polyherbal formulations have significant diuretic effect in rats when tested in the above-mentioned experimental model. That polyherbal formulation extract has such potent effect may be due to their ability to stimulate the excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations in urine while also increasing the amount of urine excreted by the body. As diuretics, medicinal herbs are a key source of supply. When it comes to diuretics, both mono- and poly-herbal formulations have been employed successfully

Assessment of Plants Used in Polyherbal Formulations for Traditional Treatment of Skin Infections in Ibadan Metropolis

IntroductionThere are numerous skin diseases and frequently occurring health problems that affect all ages, from neonates to the elderly, and in many ways cause harm. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. It is also suitable for raw materials or the production of new synthetic drugs.The present study was aimed at carrying out an ethnobotanical investigation of polyherbal formulations traditionally used for the treatment of skin infections in the Ibadan metropolis. MethodsA comprehensive ethnobotanical survey was carried out in six local government areas within the Ibadan metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria, where a substantial number of respondents were administered questionnaires. Information on the respondents' socioeconomic status, the types of plants utilised in polyherbal medicine, and the preparation and skill-acquisition techniques of the local herbal practitioners were all gathered. The generated data were subjected to descriptive statistics analysis. ResultsThe obtained results showed that Daniella oliveri, Olax subcorpioidea, Khaya grandifolia, Piper guineensis, Anogesius leocarpa, and Alstonia boonei are the most often utilised herbs for treating skin infections. Barks are mainly used because the highest occurring mode of preparation recorded was decoction, and barks are mostly decocted to release the active constituents in them for the treatment of fungal skin infections. The most common method of administration of the herbal preparations was drinking the decoction after preparation. ConclusionsThis study confirmed that polyherbal medicines have great potential in treating various types of skin infections and a few rural and urban dwellers still depend on traditional healing methods.

Sub-chronic Hepatotoxicity Assessment of Ghana Cleanser® in Exposed Wistar Rats

This study evaluated the toxicity of a polyherbal Formulation (Ghana Cleanser®) on liver function markers of exposed albino rats. Thirty (30) male and female rats of the Wistar strain were randomly allotted into six (6) groups with n=5. 10.0 mL/kg distilled water was given to control groups 1 and 4. Polyherbal formulation doses of 374.0 mg/kg and 187.0 mg/kg were administered to groups 2-3 and 5-6, respectively. A modified Lorke's approach was used to compute acute toxicity. Animals were euthanized after 60 days under diethyl ether. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses through cardiac puncture. The liver was excised from each animal and was fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and prepared for histological assessment. LD50 of the polyherbal preparation was calculated as 3740 mg/kg (oral). The results indicated an appreciable increase (p&lt;0.05) in ALT activity at 374.0 mg/kg in female rats; while there was no increase recorded at 187.0mg/kg in male rats. A significant increase in ALT activity was recorded at 374 mg/kg in male rats as well and increased AST activities were recorded at 187mg/kg in female rats. In the treated animals of both sexes, ALP activities were significantly elevated. Histopathology assessment of the hepatocytes showed no significant damage at 187 mg/kg in rats of both sexes when compared with their respective controls while some degrees of pathologies such as hepatocyte inflammation, hyperplasia, and congestion were recorded at 374 mg/kg in rats of both sexes. Results suggest caution on the long-term use of the polyherbal mixture due to its hepatotoxic potential.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Antidiabetic Tablet

About 60% of people use traditional medicines that are made from medicinal plants. This article focuses on Indian herbal medicines and plants that are utilized, particularly in India, to treat diabetes. Diabetes is a serious illness that affects many people worldwide from all areas of life. It is proven to be a serious health issue in India, particularly in the cities. Although there are many ways to lessen diabetes' negative effects and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred because they have fewer side effects and are less expensive. A list of medicinal plants having established antidiabetic properties, as well as herbal medications used to treat diabetes, is compiled. These includes, Tinospora cordifolia, Azadirachta indica, Enicostemma axillare, Momordica Charantia, Phyllanthus emblica, Centratherum anthelminticum. Damage caused by free radicals is one of the etiologic factors linked to the onset of diabetes and its complications, so an anti-diabetic drug having antioxidant qualities would be more advantageous. Historically, substances and extracts obtained from various natural resources, particularly plants, have been a valuable tool for managing and treating diabetes-related issues and complications. Therefore, this review aids the reader in understanding the significance of various herbal and polyherbal formulations that have been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Emulgel for Anti Inflammatory Activity

This study focuses on the formulation development and evaluation of a polyherbal emulgel incorporating curcumin and coriander seed oil, aimed at enhancing anti-inflammatory activity. Preformulation studies were conducted to characterize the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the active substances, and to establish a robust basis for the formulation approach. Various parameters including solubility, melting point, partition coefficient, and drug-excipient interactions were assessed to ensure compatibility and efficacy. The emulgel was prepared through a systematic process involving the preparation of a gel base, oil phase, aqueous phase, and subsequent emulsification. The final product was evaluated for various properties such as physical appearance, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index, viscosity, drug content, and in vitro drug diffusion. Stability studies were also conducted over three months to ensure the longevity and reliability of the formulation. Results indicated that the formulated emulgel exhibited desirable physical properties, optimal pH, high spreadability, good extrudability, and a significant swelling index. Viscosity measurements confirmed appropriate consistency, while drug content analysis ensured accurate dosing. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles, fitting well with kinetic models. Additionally, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, showing promising results with notable inhibition of inflammation. Overall, the polyherbal emulgel formulation developed in this study offers a promising alternative for anti-inflammatory therapy, combining the therapeutic benefits of curcumin and coriander seed oil in a stable and effective dosage form. Further studies are recommended to explore clinical efficacy and potential applications in broader therapeutic areas

A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF PUTIKADI LEPA FOR DADRU

The reported prevalence of fungal infection is about 40 million people in developing and underdeveloped countries. The incidence of fungal infection is found to be more during summer and rainy seasons. Local Dermatophytosis / tinea infection i.e. severe itching and annular erythematous scaly patches are the symptoms.As per classical texts, the clinical expression of Tinea infection can be closely related with Dadru. Acharya Charak has explained it in Kshudra Kushtha while Acharya Sushruta in Mahakushtha. Its symptoms include Kandu(itching), Raga(redness), Atasipushpvat Pidika (macular rashes similar to flax flower). For the management of Dadru, Putikadi Lepa is an effective poly herbal formulation. It consists of Putik, Ark, Aragvadh, Snuhi, Jati and its local application with Gomutra. It has Kusthagna, Kandughna properties. Many research studies have demonstrated that these drugs possess antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-bacterial properties. The Gomutra used for the application of Putikadi Lepa contains various elements which hydrates the skin and improves the activity of Lepa. Thus, this article deals with the pharmacological action of the ingredients of Putikadi Lepa.

Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of Vidangadi Churna - An Experimental Study

Herbal medicines are gaining more and more attention all over the world as they have been in use since ancient times and have no side effects if taken under proper supervision. But they have their own limitations as data about standardization and quality control are not widely available. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to revalidate this herbal compound under the lens of advance tools or procedures. Method: Vidangadi Churna was prepared according to the classical reference. Physiochemical and Phytochemical study was performed by proper WHO guidelines and Antimicrobial activity of Vidangadi Churna was tested by Agar well diffusion method. Result and Discussion: In this study Vidangadi Churna showed the presence of phytochemical constituents having antimicrobial properties. This preparation was treated with different reagents and examined under UV light. Different reagents showed different colours of the preparation at different wavelengths. Various physiological active compounds like phenolic compounds, Tannins, Amino acids, alkaloids etc. were found in Vidangadi Churna. Antimicrobial study revealed the activity of this drug on different micro-organisms. Conclusion: Vidangadi Churna is poly-herbal Ayurveda formulation described in Yogratnakar in Kustha Roga Chikitsa Adhyay. By this study it is concluded that Vidangadi churna fulfilled all the standard criteria with effective parameters and it could be used as anti-microbial agent against infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Assessment of polyherbal formulations in managing diabetic retinopathy: An in-vivo experimental model study

Assessment of polyherbal formulations in managing diabetic retinopathy: An in-vivo experimental model study