Polyhedral Shape Research Articles

Structural optimization of an encased bi-material FGP-GNF pipeline-liner system with novel polyhedral configurations

This article proposes a novel thin-walled polyhedral functionally graded porous (FGP) liner consolidated by graphene nanofillers (GNF) to rehabilitate the cracked pipeline. A buckle propagation may occur since the liner is subjected to hydrostatic pressure and temperature variational field simultaneously. A cosine function is developed to describe the deformed shape of the liner. Both pores and the GNF are distributed symmetrically on the cross-section of the liner, which also has a polyhedral profile to improve its bending stiffness. The nonlinear equilibrium equations are accurately obtained by introducing the thin-walled shell theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. The critical buckling pressure is obtained by solving the nonlinear equilibrium equations. Analytical solutions are compared successfully with other closed-form results to accomplish the verification when the FGP-GNF polyhedral liner reduces to an isotropic circular one. Furthermore, one improvement factor is proposed to analyze the effect of different polyhedral shapes on the buckling pressure of the encased polyhedral FGP-GNF liner. Finally, parameters are evaluated to further understand the buckling behavior of the FGP-GNF polyhedral liner, including the number of polygons, porosity coefficient, mass fraction, geometric shape of the GNF, radius-to-thickness ratio, temperature field, etc.

Establishment of cancer cell line originating from a patient with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Ovarian cancer is a serious malignancy with high prevalence and mortality. We isolated and characterized an ovarian high-grade serous cancer cell line (M4) from a tumor of a Vietnamese patient with ovarian carcinoma. The M4 cancer cell line showed good proliferation and stability in culture. Morphologically, the M4cells showed similar characteristics to tumor cells such as a polyhedral shape, large irregular nuclei, high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, high nuclear density and expressing cancer markers like CA125, p53 and Ki67markers. We have successfully isolated and characterized the M4 cell line from a Vietnamese patient with ovarian carcinoma.

Photocatalytic Evaluation and Application as a Sensor for the Toxic Atmospheres (Propane and Carbon Monoxide) of Nickel Antimonate (NiSb2O6) Powders.

Nickel antimonate (NiSb2O6) powders were synthesized using a wet chemistry process assisted by microwave radiation and calcination from 600 to 700 °C to evaluate their photocatalytic and gas-sensing properties. The crystalline phase obtained at 800 °C of trirutile-type nickel antimonate was confirmed with powder X-ray diffraction. The morphology and size of the nanostructures were analyzed employing electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), identifying irregular particles and microrods (~277 nm, made up of polyhedral shapes of size ~65 nm), nanorods with an average length of ~77 nm, and nanostructures of polyhedral type of different sizes. UV-vis analysis determined that the bandgap of the powders obtained at 800 °C was ~3.2 eV. The gas sensing tests obtained a maximum response of ~5 for CO (300 ppm) at 300 °C and ~10 for C3H8 (500 ppm) at 300 °C. According to these results, we consider that NiSb2O6 can be applied as a gas sensor. On the other hand, the photocatalytic properties of the antimonate were examined by monitoring the discoloration of malachite green (MG) at five ppm. MG concentration monitoring was carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy, and 85% discoloration was achieved after 200 min of photocatalytic reaction.

Learning and Predicting Shape Deviations of Smooth and Non-Smooth 3D Geometries Through Mathematical Decomposition of Additive Manufacturing

In additive manufacturing (AM), final product geometries are often deformed or distorted. The deviations of three-dimensional (3D) shapes from their intended designs can be represented as 2D surfaces in a R³ space, which constitutes a complicated set of data for learning and predicting geometric quality. Patterns of deviation surfaces vary with shape geometries, sizes/volumes, materials, and AM processes. Our previous work has established an engineering-informed convolution framework to learn shape deviation from a small set of training products built with the same material and process. It incorporates the characteristics of the layer-wise shape forming process through a convolution formulation and the size factor for a category of smooth 3D shapes such as domes or cylinders. This study extends this fabrication-aware learning framework to a larger class of products including both smooth and non-smooth surfaces (polyhedral shapes). The key idea of learning heterogeneous deviation surface data under a unified model is to establish the association between the deviation profiles of smooth base shapes and those of non-smooth polyhedral shapes. The association, which is characterized by a novel 3D cookie-cutter function, views polyhedral shapes as being carved out from smooth base shapes. In essence, the AM process of building non-smooth shapes is mathematically decomposed into two steps: additively fabricate smooth base shapes using a convolution learning framework, and then subtract extra materials using a cookie-cutter function. The proposed joint learning framework of shape deviation data reflects this decomposition by adopting a sequential model estimation procedure. The model learning procedure first establishes the convolution model to capture the effects of layer-wise fabrication and sizes, and then estimates the 3D cookie-cutter function to realize geometric differences between smooth and non-smooth shapes. A new Gaussian process model is proposed to consider the spatial correlation among neighboring regions within a 3D shape and across different shapes. The case study demonstrates the feasibility and prospects of prescriptive learning of complex 3D shape deviations in AM and extension to broader engineering surface data.

METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE JAW

A 59-year-old female patient presented a painful expansive tumor in the mandible, with 3 months of evolution. Computed tomography revealed a hypodense, unilocular lesion, with ill-defined limits and a moth-eaten appearance, with expansion and disruption of the cortical bone, measuring 30 mm, located on the right side of the mandibular body, extending close to the base of the mandible. Medical history was not contributory. An incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed proliferation of neoplastic cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and duct-like structures. The cells had a cuboidal and polyhedral shape, eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei, and loss of cell cohesion. Neoplastic nests surrounding irregular bone trabeculae were observed. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for AE1/AE3, CK7, and Ki67 (40%). Negativity was observed for CD31, CD34, factor VIII, CD99, S100, and CK20. The final diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma, and the patient was referred for further treatment. Funding: CAPES. A 59-year-old female patient presented a painful expansive tumor in the mandible, with 3 months of evolution. Computed tomography revealed a hypodense, unilocular lesion, with ill-defined limits and a moth-eaten appearance, with expansion and disruption of the cortical bone, measuring 30 mm, located on the right side of the mandibular body, extending close to the base of the mandible. Medical history was not contributory. An incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed proliferation of neoplastic cells arranged in nests, trabeculae, and duct-like structures. The cells had a cuboidal and polyhedral shape, eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei, and loss of cell cohesion. Neoplastic nests surrounding irregular bone trabeculae were observed. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for AE1/AE3, CK7, and Ki67 (40%). Negativity was observed for CD31, CD34, factor VIII, CD99, S100, and CK20. The final diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma, and the patient was referred for further treatment. Funding: CAPES.

Omni-Directional Ultrasonic Powering via Platonic Solid Receiver for mm-Scale Implantable Devices

Despite the recent advancements in implantable microdevices, providing sufficient electrical power to deeply seated microsystems has remained challenging due to the small dimension of the system, limiting the total storable energy. Ultrasound powering, where a portion of the externally induced ultrasonic wave is converted to electrical power by a small receiver, has been explored as an attractive source of power, especially for deeply seated implantable microdevices. While all other components have been advanced and miniaturized, the ultrasonic receiver is still a slab of bulk piezoelectric materials, e.g., diced PZT (lead zirconate titanate). Such a rectangular or disc shape is not an ideal form factor for wireless ultrasonic power transfer due to many challenges, particularly angular sensitivity with respect to an incoming ultrasonic wave. In this paper, we present the first demonstration of omnidirectional ultrasonic powering enabled by the high geometrical symmetry of three-dimensional polyhedral shapes. Based on our 3D printing technique of lead-free piezoelectric barium titanate ceramic, we designed highly symmetric, miniaturized, regular polyhedra, known as Platonic solids (i.e., cube, octahedron, dodecahedron), as well as a sphere. For each geometry, we investigate the effect of axial and radial piezoelectric poling, output power levels, efficiency, and angular sensitivity while the surface areas are the same. Across all the geometric shapes, radially poled Platonic solid receivers produce at least 1 order of magnitude larger electrical power density compared to diced PZT. Further, we observed that the higher the order of Platonic solid, the more excellent power transfer efficiency and omnidirectionality. The 3D printability of the Platonic solid also allows for customizable packaging, which we implemented as an implantable light source. Overall, the proposed ultrasonic powering scheme warrants a revolutionary solution for implantable biomedical devices.

Effect of process conditions for the preparation of a manganese-based coating on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Abstract Manganese-based coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy with Mg(OH)2 interlayer were prepared by hydrothermal reaction under different process conditions (temperature, time, and concentration). The harsh reaction conditions provided coatings with defects. These defects enabled the corrosive environment penetrated to the magnesium alloy which impaired the corrosion properties of AZ31 alloy. Optimal conditions included a temperature of 120 °C, 0.25 M MnCl2, and a reaction time of 1 h. The prepared coating was mainly composed of Mn3O4, which consisted of nanosized crystals of polyhedral shape. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the coating had very good corrosion resistance in 0.15 M NaCl. Future work will focus on the potential use of the manganese-based coating in biomedical applications.

Facile synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite for the efficient removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous media

In the water purification field, heavy metal pollution is a problem that causes severe risk aversion. This study aimed to examine the disposal of cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions by a novel Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the synthesized products. The FE-SEM images showed that the analcime and Fe3O4 samples consist of polyhedral and quasi-spherical shapes with average diameters of 923.28 and 28.57 nm, respectively. Besides, the Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite consists of polyhedral and quasi-spherical shapes with average diameters of 1100.00 nm. The greatest uptake capability of the Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite toward the copper and cadmium ions is 176.68 and 203.67 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir equilibrium isotherm best describe the uptake of copper and cadmium ions using the Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite. The uptake of copper and cadmium ions using the Fe3O4/analcime nanocomposite is exothermic and chemical in nature.

Human occupational exposure to microplastics: A cross-sectional study in a plastic products manufacturing plant

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment, and their potential impact on health is a key issue of concern. Investigating exposure routes in humans and other living organisms is among the major challenges of microplastics. This study aims to examine the exposure level of plastic factory staff to microplastic particles before and after work shifts through body receptors (hand and facial skin, saliva and hair) in Sirjan, southeast of Iran. Moreover, the effect of face masks, gloves, cosmetics (e.g: face powder cream, lipstick and eye makeup products) and appearance on the exposure level is investigated. In total, 19 individuals are selected during six working days. Then, the collected samples are transferred to the laboratory for filtration, extraction, identification and counting of microplastic particles. Moreover, 4802 microplastic particles (100–5000 μm in size) in strand, polyhedral and spherical shapes and color spectra of white/transparent, black, blue/green, red and purple are observed. The nature of most of the observed samples is fiber with a size ≥1000 μm. Analyzing the selected samples using micro-Raman spectroscopy indicate polyester and nylon are the main identified fibers. Hair and saliva samples have the highest and lowest number of microplastics, respectively. Using gloves and sunscreen among all the participants, wearing a scarf and hair size among women and having a beard and mustache among men could have an effective role in the exposure level to microplastics. Results of this study could reveal the exposure route to microplastic particles in the human body and highlight the importance of providing higher protection to reduce exposure.

Production of Graphene/Inorganic Matrix Composites through the Sintering of Graphene Oxide Flakes Decorated with CuWO4·2H2O Nanoparticles.

There is growing interest in graphene-reinforced inorganic matrix composites, but progress in this field is far behind that of polymer matrices due to difficulties in the processing of carbon materials in aggressive sintering environments, including oxidation and solubility in the host matrix. Copper-tungsten matrices are of particular interest in the power switching field but are difficult to produce due to the mutual insolubility of metals and poor wetting. Herein, composites were produced by decorating graphene oxide flakes with 8 nm diameter CuWO4·2H2O nanoparticles and then sintering them to form the final shape. The oxide nanoparticles were found to self-assemble into platelets on the surfaces of graphene flakes. Upon sintering, the presence of graphene was found to change the grain morphology from elongated needles to a polyhedral shape. It was found that, despite the nanosize of the CuWO4·2H2O particles used, the sintering conditions did not reduce the matrix to a pure metal; the sintered composites were found to be of mixed phase with copper tungstate and copper oxide present. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the graphene oxide became hydrogenated during the sintering process as a result of the reducing hydrogen atmosphere used.

The influence of cohesion on polyhedral shapes during mixing in a drum

Numerous industrial processes require the blending of granular materials that differ in morphology for which the resulting mixing cannot be predicted from bulk tests. Discrete element method simulations are an attractive approach to understanding mixing at the particle level within processing equipment. However, due to computational cost, particle shape is typically approximated as spherical despite most materials being non-spherical. In this paper, the combined effect of cohesion and particle shape using polyhedral particles is studied in a rotating drum. It was found that repose angle calibrated spheres were unable to reproduce the same percolation behaviour as polyhedra, leading to significantly different results with a better match in the case of highly cohesive paste like materials that diminish the particle scale effects. Symmetric polyhedral shapes exhibited the best mixing, while irregular shapes had the worst mixing. Mixing improves with increasing cohesive particle size due to the ability to percolate the finer non-cohesive material. Finally, equipment geometry and rotation speed had a significant effect on mixing, such that making conclusions on the general mixing of materials without the actual mechanical actions it is subjected to should be done with caution.

Combinatorial Coordination Self-Assembly for Organopalladium Cages with Fine-Tuned Structure and Function.

Discrete organopalladium coordination cages have shown great potential in applications ranging from molecular recognition and sensing, drug delivery to enzymatic catalysis. While many of the known organopalladium cages are homoleptic structures with regular polyhedral shapes and symmetric inner cavities, heteroleptic cages with complex architectures and new functions coming from their anisotropic cavities have received an increasing attention recently. In this concept article, we discuss a powerful combinatorial coordination self-assembly strategy toward the construction of a family of organopalladium cages, including both homoleptic and heteroleptic ones, from a given library of ligands. Within such a cage family, the heteroleptic cages often feature systematically fine-tuned structures and emergent properties, distinct from their parent homoleptic counterparts. We hope the concepts and examples provided in this article can offer some rational guidance for the design of new coordination cages toward advanced functions.

The anti-angiogenesis and antioxidant activity of chitosan-mediated synthesized selenium-gold nanostructure

A novel nanocomposite containing selenium-gold-chitosan (Se-Au-CS) was prepared and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The powder X-ray diffraction has shown successful synthesis of Se nanoparticles. To further study the presence of gold nanoparticles, EDX and UV–Vis were used. The morphological studies and grain sizes have revealed polyhedral shapes with a mean particle size of ≈211 nm. The TEM images also indicated the presence of nanoparticles in the CS coating. The Anti-oxidant effects of Se-Au-CS were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Moreover, in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, notable anti-angiogenesis effects were observed for Se-Au-CS. The results of this study demonstrated effective anti-angiogenesis effects of Se-Au-CS were evaluated using CAM assay for the first time. It also indicated the application of Se-Au-CS could be extended to the treatment of various cancer diseases.

Surpassing Pt hydrogen production from {200} facet-riched polyhedral Rh2P nanoparticles by one-step synthesis

The efficient water electrolysis catalyst is prominently important and urgent to forward the widespread applications of hydrogen energy. In this work, polyhedral-morphology controlled rhodium phosphide (Rh2P) nanoparticles are synthesized by one-step high temperature pyrolysis under Ar atmosphere at 90 Pa. By analyzing the morphologies of Rh2P, the crystal facets of {200}, {220} and {111} are dominant in the 26-facet polyhedrons, and {200} facets account for 58% of the total surface area of polyhedral 26-facet shapes. The overpotentials of polyhedral Rh2P NPs are 12.6 mV and 10.5 mV at 10 mA m−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH electrolytes, even lower than those of Pt/C. Theoretical calculations indicate that {200} facets of Rh2P NPs have the highest catalytic activity among {200}, {111}, and {220}, with the lowest hydrogen adsorption free energy. The substantial exposure of {200} facets is beneficial to the high catalytic activity of Rh2P NPs.

Aqueous Bubbles Stabilized with Millimeter-Sized Polymer Plates.

(Sub)millimeter-sized hexagonal polymer plates that were monodisperse in shape and size were utilized as stabilizers for aqueous bubbles, and the effects of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic property, size, and solid concentration of the plates on the formability, stability, and shape and structure of aqueous bubbles were investigated. The formability and stability of the bubbles were improved by increasing the hydrophobicity of the plate surface, decreasing the plate size, and increasing the solid concentration of the plates. For plates with suitable water wettability, three-dimensional bubbles with nearly spherical and polyhedral shapes were formed by the adsorption of plates to the bare air bubbles introduced into the continuous water phase by air-water mixing. On the contrary, two-dimensional bubbles with accordion-type structures consisting of alternating layers of plates and entrapped air bubbles were formed by the transfer of multiple plates with poor wettability from the air phase to the water phase by air-water mixing. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the bubble/stabilizer size ratio and bubble shape for plates with the suitable wettability: bubbles with nearly spherical shapes were formed when the bubble/plate size ratios were >2, bubbles with hexahedral, pentahedral, and tetrahedral shapes were formed when the size ratios were approximately 1, and bubbles with triangular and sandwich shapes were formed when the size ratios were <0.8. Additionally, bubbles with similar shapes were formed when the bubble/plate size ratios were close, even when the sizes of the plates and bubbles were different.

Photocatalytic activity of sol-gel self-combustion derived MCr2O4 (M= Mg, Ni) spinel chromites for photodegradation of organic dyes

Herein, MCr2O4 (M= Mg, Ni) chromite photocatalysts were synthesized via sol-gel self-combustion route and sintered at 1000 °C. The Rietveld refined X-ray powder diffraction profiles confirmed the single-phase formation of MgCr2O4 (MCO) and NiCr2O4 (NCO) chromites crystalized in the face-centered cubic and tetragonal spinel structures having Fd3̅m and I41/amd space group symmetries, respectively. The polyhedral geometrical shape and sizes of the grains were determined by the surface micrographs obtained from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The oxidation states and cations distribution investigated by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis professed the charge balance in the compounds. The photocatalytic performance of the chromite nanoparticles was examined using malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) organic dyes at 5 ppm in solutions irradiated under sunlight. The photodegradation studies revealed the degradation efficacy of 70% and 85% for MCO, and 90% and 95% for NCO catalysts for the degradation of the MG and CV dye pollutants within 120 min, without utilizing H2O2. Furthermore, the kinetic studies were carried out and the experimental equilibrium data were observed to follow the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models which described the synergetic adsorption-photodegradation procedures. Thus, NCO exhibited a high percentage for the removal of MG and CV organic pollutants compared to MGO, indicating that the tetragonally distorted NiCr2O4 nanocatalyst is an efficient candidate for the potential environmental purification of toxic organic contaminants.

Analytical model for the nonlinear buckling responses of the confined polyhedral FGP-GPLs lining subjected to crown point loading

This paper focuses on the nonlinear buckling responses of the confined functionally graded porous (FGP) lining with polyhedral shapes reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs). The FGP-GPLs polyhedral lining is surrounded tightly and rigidly by a medium. It is assumed that the interface is smooth between the lining and pipeline. The deformation of the lining may be represented by an admissible displacement expression when a point load is applied at the crown position. Afterward, the nonlinear governing equilibrium equations are obtained explicitly by combining the thin-walled shell theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Solving the nonlinear governing equilibrium equations yields the critical buckling load. A comparison study is strictly completed with the other closed-form solutions when the polyhedral lining reduces to a circular one. In addition, an improvement factor is quantified to understand the effect of polyhedral shapes on the bending stiffness. Finally, the effects of polyhedral shapes, porosity coefficient, weight fraction, and geometric parameters of the GPLs are explored in terms of buckling load, hoop force, and bending moment.

Assigning Viscosity Values in the Glass Softening Temperature Range

A new optical method for assigning glass viscosity values in the softening temperature range is presented. In this method, an irregular particle, a few millimeters in size, laying on an alumina plate, is heated up to temperature T, and then remains at this temperature. T should be within the softening temperature range of the glass. There are no external applied shear stresses, the only acting shear forces are those coming from the particle's own surface energy. At the fixed temperature T, the surface free energy of the sample decreases by viscous flow while its shape evolves from a polyhedron or irregular shape towards a spherical or rounded shape. This shape evolution is recorded using a photographic camera. From each image, the sample's roundness is determined, obtaining a characteristic time τ from the roundness against time. Simultaneously, using the available software, a value for the viscosity η was calculated, at temperature T, allowing for building sets of T, τ, η, namely three data values. Accordingly, if T, τ are considered as independent variables, a master function η = η (T, τ) can be built. Now, if we measure T, τ data on a glass of an unknown viscosity, the master function makes it possible to assign a η value. When incipient crystallization or liquid-liquid phase separations are present, effective viscosity values are obtained. This method requires a high temperature microscope, as well as tridimmensional samples with a few cubic millimeters of volume. Each isothermal τ determination can take from minutes to several hours. We tested the method with two glasses of known viscosity values: borosilicate glass (VG98) and alumimoborosilicate glass (SG7), both of which are used for radioactive waste immobilization and have assigned log(η) values between 6 and 7.3 with η in Pa s. The discrepancy between the log(η) values assigned here and those values fitted with a VFT function on the values measured for the SG7 and VG98 glasses were within ±14%.

Shadow-Robust Silhouette Reconstruction for Small-Body Applications

Small bodies’ exploration highlighted the need to develop new algorithms for deep space probes navigation. The estimation of the small-body shape is a crucial step for relative navigation, mission planning, and gravity investigation. This paper develops a shape from silhouette algorithm that takes as input a series of images to construct a polyhedral shape for small bodies of the solar system. First, the silhouette associated with the visible part of the body is extracted and modified to account for shadowing effects. Second, the shape is computed by intersecting the viewing cones, i.e., the cone whose apex is the camera center and whose vertices are the silhouette points. The algorithm output is a polyhedral shape whose reconstruction is robust to shadowing. The algorithm is validated by reconstructing the shape of Itokawa and Bennu from synthetic images simulated with Airbus Defence & Space’s rendering engine SurRender™. Moreover, the algorithm is tested on real images from Hayabusa’s approach. Results prove the capability to provide an efficient shape reconstruction for small-body applications.

Biocompatible Ti3Au–Ag/Cu thin film coatings with enhanced mechanical and antimicrobial functionality

BackgroundBiofilm formation on medical device surfaces is a persistent problem that shelters bacteria and encourages infections and implant rejection. One promising approach to tackle this problem is to coat the medical device with an antimicrobial material. In this work, for the first time, we impart antimicrobial functionality to Ti3Au intermetallic alloy thin film coatings, while maintaining their superior mechanical hardness and biocompatibility.MethodsA mosaic Ti sputtering target is developed to dope controlled amounts of antimicrobial elements of Ag and Cu into a Ti3Au coating matrix by precise control of individual target power levels. The resulting Ti3Au-Ag/Cu thin film coatings are then systematically characterised for their structural, chemical, morphological, mechanical, corrosion, biocompatibility-cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties.ResultsX-ray diffraction patterns reveal the formation of a super hard β-Ti3Au phase, but the thin films undergo a transition in crystal orientation from (200) to (211) with increasing Ag concentration, whereas introduction of Cu brings no observable changes in crystal orientation. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis show the polyhedral shape of the Ti3Au crystal but agglomeration of Ag particles between crystal grains begins at 1.2 at% Ag and develops into large granules with increasing Ag concentration up to 4.1 at%. The smallest doping concentration of 0.2 at% Ag raises the hardness of the thin film to 14.7 GPa, a 360% improvement compared to the ∼4 GPa hardness of the standard Ti6Al4V base alloy. On the other hand, addition of Cu brings a 315—330% improvement in mechanical hardness of films throughout the entire concentration range of 0.5—7.1 at%. The thin films also show good electrochemical corrosion resistance and a > tenfold reduction in wear rate compared to Ti6Al4V alloy. All thin film samples exhibit very safe cytotoxic profiles towards L929 mouse fibroblast cells when analysed with Alamar blue assay, with ion leaching concentrations lower than 0.2 ppm for Ag and 0.08 ppm for Cu and conductivity tests reveal the positive effect of increased conductivity on myogenic differentiation. Antimicrobial tests show a drastic reduction in microbial survival over a short test period of < 20 min for Ti3Au films doped with Ag or Cu concentrations as low as 0.2—0.5 at%.ConclusionTherefore, according to these results, this work presents a new antimicrobial Ti3Au-Ag/Cu coating material with excellent mechanical performance with the potential to develop wear resistant medical implant devices with resistance to biofilm formation and bacterial infection.Graphical