Polyester Woven Fabrics Research Articles

Removal of Remazol Red Dyes Using Zeolites-Loaded Nanofibre Coated on Fabric Substrates

Nanofibre-based membranes have shown great potential for removing textile wastewater due to their high porosity and surface area. However, nanofibre membranes exhibit lower dye removal efficiency. Hence, this study aims to improve the dye removal performance of nanofibre membranes by incorporating zeolites. The research involved fabricating composite membranes by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres incorporated with zeolites. Mechanical strength was enhanced by placing the PVA/zeolite nanofibre membrane between fusible nonwoven interfacing and woven polyester fabric, followed by heat treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of zeolite particles within the PVA nanofibres. EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of zeolites into the fibres. Among all membrane samples, the PZ-0.75 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux (PWF) with approximately 1358.57 L·m−2·min−1 for distilled water and 499.85 L·m−2·min−1 for batik wastewater. Turbidity of batik wastewater increased proportionally with zeolite concentration, with removal rates of 84.79%, 78.8%, 76.96%, and 74.19% for PZ-0.75, PZ-0.5, PZ-0.25, and PVA membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the UV/Vis spectrophotometer demonstrated that dye removal efficiency increased from 2.22% to 8.89% as the zeolite concentration increased from 0% to 0.75%. In addition, the PZ-0.75 membrane effectively removed RR dye at a concentration of 1 mg/L, with an optimal contact time of approximately 60 min. The adsorption mechanism of the PZ-0.75 membrane aligns with the Freundlich model, with an R2 value of 0.983. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency of zeolite in the fabric substrates to improve the filtration and adsorption properties for wastewater treatment, particularly in textile industries.

Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Finishing and Washing Processes on the Roughness of Polyester Fabric.

The roughness of woven fabric surface has so far been mainly investigated as a key characteristic of comfort in contact with the skin. The analysis of roughness can be extended to various contexts and applications, becoming an important tool for understanding how textile materials react in interaction with different finishing agents, as well as for gaining insight into the durability and effectiveness of treatments. This research presents a comprehensive study on the impact of alkaline hydrolysis and chitosan coating on the roughness of polyester woven fabric, utilizing both novel and adapted methods. The study employed contact and optical methods to analyze fabric and fiber surface characteristics, highlighting the significance of roughness profile parameters in understanding material changes post-treatment. The investigation revealed that mechanical action, alkaline medium, washing temperature, and detergent residues contribute to fabric erosion and modification during washing, with chitosan coatings creating pronounced surface irregularities. Comparative analysis showed significant fabric roughness changes post-washing, while fiber roughness changes were treatment specific. Despite initial increases in fiber roughness due to treatments, their durability decreased after washing. These findings emphasize the importance of roughness analysis in optimizing textile finishing processes and washing cycles, impacting both comfort and treatment efficacy.

Multi-objective optimization of weight reduction process parameters of micropolyester woven fabrics using Taguchi gray relational analysis

The weight loss process variables of alkali-treated micropolyester woven fabrics were optimized and reported in this study. The gray relational analysis with the help of the Taguchi technique was efficiently used to optimize the key variables of this process. The caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature, and weight loss machine speed were considered the control or design parameters. The weight reduction percentage, air permeability, tensile strength, and thermal resistance of alkali-treated woven polyester fabrics were also considered as responses in this study. The experiments were implemented according to a 33 full factorial design. The levels of the control parameters which yield the maximum weight reduction, tensile strength, air permeability, and minimum thermal resistance of the treated polyester fabrics were found to be the sodium hydroxide concentration, and treatment temperature with the highest levels, and machine speed with the lowest level. This means that a 27% caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature of 125°C, and machine speed of 40 m/min exhibited the optimum properties of the treated micropolyester fabrics. It was also proved that the treatment temperature is the most influential factor affecting the micropolyester fabric’s properties. The confirmation test, which was carried out in this study, confirmed that the gray relational analysis improved the alkali-treated polyester fabric properties.

Enhanced Side-Illumination of Etched Polymer Optical Fiber (POF)-Incorporated Woven Polyester (PET) Fabrics

The textile industry has been weaving polymer optical fibers (POFs) into plane fabric for many years for lighting and decoration. To apply POF-incorporated fabrics in a larger field of application, it is necessary to improve the side illumination of POF-incorporated fabrics. It has been reported that the chemical etching method is one method to enhance the illumination of POFs, while there is little research related to the application of chemical etching to enhance the illumination of POF-incorporated fabrics. In this work, the end emitting POFs (EEPOFs) were used as weft yarns, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns were used as warp yarns. The POF-incorporated woven PET fabrics were successfully fabricated with a 1/3 twill structure and then treated with a mixture of acetone and methanol (volume ratio: 1:1) for 1 min. The morphology and side illumination of etched POF-incorporated PET fabrics were investigated. As a result, the acetone/methanol mixture destroyed the cladding layer of EEPOFs, and the luminance of etched POF-incorporated PET fabrics was increased by more than 50 %. Besides, acetone/methanol etching resulted in a higher side illumination attenuation behavior.

Enhanced side illumination property of end emitting polymer optical fiber (EEPOF)/polyester (PET) woven fabrics by acetone/methanol mixture etching process

The rapid development of fiber optic technology has enriched smart wearable technology. Standard (end emitting) polymer optical fibers (EEPOF) are linear and flexible, which is feasible to integrated them into textiles and applied to curved parts of the human body for achieving individualized functionality (e.g., safety light-emitting garments, wearable photo-therapeutic textiles, fashionable displays, smart sensing apparel for monitoring etc.). However, the luminance of the EEPOF-incorporated fabric should be improved. In this work, the EEPOF/polyester (PET) woven fabrics (POF-PET-Fs) were firstly prepared and then etched by using acetone/methanol mixtures with different acetone concentrations. The morphology, breathability, and side illumination behavior of the etched POF-PET-Fs were investigated. As a result, higher acetone concentration in acetone/methanol mixture causes more destroy of EEPOF cladding layer and even a slight damage for core material. With higher acetone concentration is used, the dissolving cladding material blocks the pores of the warp and weft interweave of the woven fabric, thus affecting its air permeability. Besides, the bell-shaped side illumination behavior of etched POF-PET-Fs is found. The maximum luminance value of POF-PET-Fs reaches 74.8 cd/m2 when 80% acetone concentration in the acetone/methanol mixture is used. This work provides a feasible method for the preparation of POF fabrics for luminous purpose, which is beneficial to the textile industry and POF-related fields.

Assessment of Impact of the Surface Modification Techniques on Structural, Biophysical, and Electrically Conductive Properties of Different Fabrics.

This article presents studies on the evaluation of the impact of surface modification of cotton, viscose, and polyester fabrics using three techniques (flocking, layer by layer, and screen printing) with materials with electrically conductive properties on their structural, biophysical, and conductive properties. Each tested fabric is characterized by specific biophysical properties. which can be disturbed by various modification methods, therefore, the following tests were carried out in the article: optical microscopy, micro-computed tomography, guarded perspiration heating plate, air permeability, sorption and electrical conductivity tester. The use of screen printing increased the thermal resistance of the cotton woven fabric by 119%, the polyester woven fabric by 156%, and the viscose fabric by 261%. The smallest changes in thermal resistance compared to unmodified textiles were observed in layer by layer modified fabrics and are as follows: -15% (cotton woven fabric), +77% (PES woven fabric), and +80% (viscose woven fabric).

EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL WATER REPELLENT AGENTS ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER WOVEN FABRIC USED FOR WASHABLE MEDICAL MASKS

Water repellent fabrics are always used for washable medical mask production to keep them from the bacterial liquid during use. Choosing the right water repellent which is efficient and suitable for fabric is important in washable medical mask production. The water-resistant treated fabric needs to keep its water repellent for many washed cycles. Moreover, their physico-mechanical properties such as air permeability and thickness must be less changed. In this study, four commercial water-resistant chemicals (Ruco–Coat BC 7068, TP – Phob FC 2904, Phobotex RHP Hydrophobic Agent, Ruco-guard AFB60) were used to treat the 100% polyester woven fabric to examine the influence of the type and concentration of the waterresistant chemicals on water repellent capability of the polyester woven fabric. The fabric thickness and the air permeability of the untreated and treated fabric were investigated. The SEM, FE-SEM analysis, and the FTIR spectra were used to find the differences between the initial and treated fabric. The results showed that the water-resistant type influenced the water repellent capability of fabrics and their duration. Among four investigated water resistance, the TP – Phob FC 2904 presented the best water resistance for treatment of the 100% polyester woven fabric, and its concentration of 50 g/l has maintained 85 % fabric water repellent capability after 25 washed cycles.

Multi-layer antibacterial polyester fabrics for infection management and moisture wicking in a textile-based biomaterial wound dressing

Antibacterial woven polyester fabrics are drawing much attention in the medical and textile industries because they can provide many health-promoting properties that prevent infection while providing a barrier to the external environment. In this work, we developed and investigated two different polyester fabrics to demonstrate the antibacterial, non-adhesive, and moisture wicking properties of a multicomponent wound dressing. Vertical wicking of a braided layer composed of Poly-l-lactide (PLLA) yarn of 4-deep-grooved (4DG) fibers was tested using porcine blood serum to mimic wound exudate viscosity. Bacterial inhibition of Pseudomonas putida was measured after exposure to gentamicin sulfate (GS)-incorporated PLLA skin-contact layers of two different shaped yarns. Poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the GS PLLA contact layer to further prevent non-specific cellular attachment. Results indicated vertical wicking of moisture at 0.88 mm/s. While a specific wicking rate for adequate wound moisture regulation has not been indicated in the literature due to wound and patient variability, we assert that rapid removal of excess fluid from the wound bed, as demonstrated by our fabric is an essential component for a comprehensive wound dressing. Antibacterial experiments showed that GS exhibited both bactericidal and bacteriostatic trends by killing bacteria and further inhibiting growth, respectively. The surface treatment of PEG on PLLA contact layers showed less cellular attachment, promoting non-adhesion during dressing changes. Ultimately, using woven polyester medical textiles in wound care allows for optimizing parameters, such as antimicrobial uptake/release and moisture wicking for personalized healing. The construct studied here may serve as a tunable platform for development of wound dressings with specific antibacterial, moisture, and tissue adhesion requirements.

Development of Antimicrobial and Antistatic Textile for Industrial Air Management Systems

Abstract Textile air management systems are used in modern buildings to improve overall indoor air quality. During use and storage, industrial textiles are negatively affected by microbes. Adding biocide to synthetic fibres can control the detrimental effects of antimicrobial finishing on textiles. Antimicrobial textiles have seen a rapid increase in demand due to consumers’ concern over hygiene and active lifestyles as well as with the aim to improve overall functionality. An antimicrobial treatment with a long lifespan, that is, resistant to washing, is presented in this paper. A new commercial antimicrobial product named Si Bac-Pure was used in woven polyester fabrics to treat them against bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was measured after twenty washing and drying cycles. Good antimicrobial and antifungal activity is produced in treated fabrics after treatment with the stated finishing agents. The antimicrobial treatment has significant antistatic properties that are important for industrial air management systems.

Colored Daytime Radiative Cooling Textiles Supported by Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Radiative cooling, a zero-energy, eco-friendly cooling technology, has attracted tremendous attention recently for its potential of fighting global warming and climate changes. Radiative cooling fabrics with diffused solar reflections typically have reduced light pollution and can be mass-produced with currently available techniques. However, the monotonous white color has hindered its further applications and no colored radiative cooling textiles are available yet. In this work, we electrospun PMMA textiles containing CsPbBrxI3-x quantum dots as the colorant to achieve colored radiative cooling textiles. A theoretical model to predict the 3D color volume and cooling threshold was proposed for this system. As indicated by the model, a sufficiently high quantum yield (>0.9) will guarantee a wide color gamut and strong cooling ability. In the real experiments, all of the fabricated textiles show excellent color agreement with the theory. The green fabric containing CsPbBr3 quantum dots achieved a subambient temperature of ∼4.0 °C under direct sunlight with an average solar power density of 850 W/m2. The reddish fabric containing CsPbBrI2 quantum dots also managed to cool 1.5 °C compared to the ambient temperature. The fabric containing CsPbI3 quantum dots failed to achieve subambient cooling with a slightly increased temperature. Nevertheless, all of the fabricated colored fabrics outperformed the regular woven polyester fabric when placed on a human hand. We believed that the proposed colored textiles may widen the range of applications for radiative cooling fabrics and have the potential to become the next-generation colored fabrics with stronger cooling ability.

Control of UV-Curing Ink Splashing and Line Quality during DC-Pulse-Modulated Electrohydrodynamic Printing for Textile-Based Electronics

The DC pulse-modulated electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technique enables one-step formability of electronic components of electronic textiles. However, the common fabrics as a kind of insulating substrate inevitably come into serious ink splashing behavior during printing, which will severely deteriorate the quality of printed patterns. To solve this problem, the reason for ink splashing on the polyester woven fabric was experimentally clarified, and then a facile solution, that is, the mature antistatic finishing technique in the textile industry, was used to dissipate residual charges emerging on insulating fabric substrates. The relationship between the ink splashing behavior and the electrostatic half-life of fabric was investigated. Also, the feasibility of antistatic finishing for overcoming ink splashing was evaluated. Results show that ink splashing is solved, and the standard deviation of line width is within 3% at a half-life of less than 0.2 s. Moreover, there is no significant effect of antistatic finishing on electrical resistance and adhesion performance of printed lines, and the finishing even with a dilution ratio of 1:100 did not disturb the port impedance of the printed antenna. This strategy is expected to promote the practice of the EHD printing technique in the large-scale and low-cost fabrication of wearable electronic textiles compatible with most of the common fabric substrates.

The Fabrication, Properties, and Application of a Printed Green Ag NWs-Based Flexible Electrode and Circuit.

A suitable conductive ink for office inkjet printers is important for the convenient design of flexible electrodes for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) easily printed with an average short length of 1.65 μm were synthesized by using soluble NaCl as a growth regulator and adjusting the amount of chloride ion. The water-based Ag NWs ink with a low solid content of 1% but with low resistivity was produced. The printed flexible Ag NWs-based electrodes/circuits showed excellent conductivity with RS/R0 values kept at 1.03 after bending 50,000 times on PI substrate and an excellent anticlimate property in acidic conditions for 180 h on polyester woven fabric. The sheet resistance was reduced to 4.98 Ω/sqr heated at 30-50 °C for 3 min by a blower due to the formed excellent conductive network when compared to Ag NPs-based electrodes. Finally, the integration of printed Ag NWs electrode and circuits was applied to the TENG, which can be used to predict a robot's out-of-balance direction by the change of the TENG signal. In all, a suitable conductive ink with a short length of Ag NWs was fabricated, and flexible electrodes/circuits can be conveniently and easily printed by office inkjet printers.

Morphology of Biomaterials Affect O-Glycosylation of HUVECs.

Biomaterials have been widely used as substitutes for diseased tissue in surgery and have gained great success and attention. At present, the biocompatibility of biomaterials such as PET woven fabrics is often evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. However, the current experimental methods cannot reveal the relationship between material surfaces and cell adhesion, and few research works have focused on the mechanisms of how the surface morphology of biomaterials affects cell adhesion and proliferation. Thus, it is meaningful to find out how the altered surfaces could affect cell adhesion and growth. In this study, we employed Ar low-temperature plasma treatment technology to create nano-grooves on the warp yarn of PET woven fabrics and seeded human umbellar vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on these fabrics. We then assessed the O-glycan and N-glycan profiles of the cells grown on different structures of the polyester woven fabrics. The result showed that the surface morphology of polyester woven fabrics could affect the O-glycan profile but not the N-glycan profile of cultured HUVEC. Taken together, the study describes the effects of the surface morphology of biomaterial on the biosynthesis of cellular glycans and may provide new insights into the design and manufacture of biomaterials used as blood vessels based on the expression profiles of O-glycans on cultured cells.

버진 폴리에스터 직물과 재생 폴리에스터 직물의 물리적 특성 및 시촉감 특성 비교

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of substituting recycled polyester woven fabrics for virgin polyester woven fabrics. To this end, the various physical and visual-tactile properties of virgin and recycled polyester fabrics with similar structural properties were compared. Methods: As physical properties, the tensile strength, elongation, abrasion strength, flex stiffness, and crease resistance of the two types of polyester woven fabrics were measured five times under standard laboratory condition. The subjective visual-tactile assessments were also conducted by 40 male and female subjects with normal color vision using seven-point Likert scales. Results: In terms of tensile strength, elongation, and abrasion strength, virgin polyester woven fabric showed numerically better results than recycled polyester woven fabric, while recycled polyester fabric had higher values in flex stiffness and crease resistance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two polyester fabrics in all physical properties. In addition, recycled polyester woven fabric was found to have more positive visual-tactile properties than virgin polyester woven fabric in general. Conclusion/Implications: Since recycled polyester fabric was found to have similar or more positive physical and visual-tactile properties to virgin polyester fabric, it is envisaged that eco-friendly recycled polyester will be a successful alternative to virgin polyester.

Advanced wastewater treatment and membrane fouling control by electro-encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor

An advanced concept of aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for highly efficient wastewater treatment has been disclosed by introduction of an electro and encapsulated self-forming dynamic biomembrane (e-ESFDM). The biological filtering membrane is intercalated between two woven polyester fabrics as supports that assist the formation and protect the biomembrane. The innovative architecture of the e-ESFDM in combination with electrocoagulation processes resulted in efficient and cost-effective wastewater treatment and control of the membrane fouling. The performance of the e-ESFDMBR was compared to a yet highly efficient ESFDMBR, where the electric field was not present. The ESFDM-based reactors both showed comparable results in the removal of organic matter, in terms of COD and DOC. On the other hand, e-ESFDMBR exceeded the performance of the ESFDMBR in the reduction of nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing pollutants, responsible for eutrophication processes in the environment, and recalcitrant molecules, such as humic-like substances. In addition, an extremely low fouling rate was observed for the e-ESFDM bioreactor. Insights on the biological processes involved in the developed MBR were provided by investigations on the microbiological diversity found in reactor mixed liquor, ESFDM layer and treated wastewater.

Structural coloration and ultraviolet protective fabrication on fabrics coated with SiO2/TiO2 multilayer films via a magnetron sputtering method

Interference structural colors and excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection performance were prepared by coating SiO2/TiO2 composite multilayer film on polypropylene non-woven fabrics (PP-NW) and polyester woven fabrics (PET-W) via a magnetron sputtering method. The colors on the coated structured film of “substrate/[TiO2/SiO2]k/air” (TSk) and “substrate/[SiO2/TiO2]k/air” (STk) (k=2, 3, 4, 5) was confirmed to be the interference structural colors. The positions and numbers of the strongest reflection peaks of the reflection-reducing type of TSk film and the reflection-enhancing type of STk film were consistent with theoretical calculations. The optical properties obtained from depositing the same STk film on PP-NW and PET-W were different. The reflectivity of the STk film was greater than the TSk film. The STk-coated samples with the PET substrate have a higher reflectivity than samples with the PP substrate because of the higher refractive index of PET. The reflection-enhancing film structure and higher refractive index substrate improved the film reflectivity. This research offered a theoretical basis and practical guidance for structural coloration and functional fabrication on fabric substrates.

Metallic coloration and multifunctional preparation on fabrics via nitriding reactive sputtering with copper and titanium targets

Metallic coloration and multiple functions were prepared on polyester woven fabrics via nitriding reactive magnetron sputtering with copper and titanium targets. The resulting colors ranged from light gray to pale yellow. The color of the copper film–coated fabrics was affected by elemental Cu, Cu2O, and Cu(OH)2 in the films. These species had a bandgap of 2.16 eV and a corresponding absorption edge of 574 nm. The color of the titanium film–coated fabrics was tuned via TiO2 and TiON with a bandgap of 2.35 eV and a corresponding absorption edge of 528 nm. The films’ color brightness and the optical bandgap decreased with a redshift in the absorption edge for the absorption of visible light. This phenomenon increased as the film thickness increased with increasing sputtering current. The UV protection performance of the copper film–coated fabrics was significantly and rapidly improved by increasing the sputtering current. An average UPF of 234.1 and an average improvement of 287.3% were obtained for the CuN series samples. The elimination of static electricity was improved for the two series of coated fabrics. This research offers a reference for structural coloration or metallic coloration on textiles and the preparation of functional textiles.

Changes in Physical and Functional Properties of High-Density and PU Coated Water-Repellent Woven Fabrics After Repeated Laundering

This study analyzed the changes in physical and functional properties of high-density and PU coated water-repellent fabrics due to repeated laundering. To compare the water repellency, tensile strength, stiffness, and rubbing fastness of the fabrics according to their water repellency imparting method, two types of polyester woven fabrics with similar structural properties but different water repellency imparting method, that is, high-density weaving and PU coating, were used. In addition, to analyze the effect of the number of laundering, the water-repellent fabrics were laundered 1 time, 10 times, and 25 times, and then their physical properties were compared with those of unlaundered fabrics. It was found that, regardless of laundering, the high-density water-repellent fabric was generally stiffer and less elastic than the PU coated water-repellent fabric. Also, both types of fabrics had decreased water repellency with the increased number of laundering. In the case of the PU coated fabric, the original water repellency of Grade 5 was generally well maintained until 10 times of repeated laundering, but decreased sharply to Grade 1 when laundered more times. On the other hand, the original water repellency of the high-density fabric, which was Grade 4, decreased to Grade 2 after 10 times of laundering, but the decreased grade was maintained with subsequent repeated laundering.

Alkaline hydrolysis of polyester woven fabrics and its influence on thermal comfort properties

Alkaline hydrolysis of polyester woven fabrics and its influence on thermal comfort properties

Dyeing and Some Fastness Properties of Novel Perlite-Containing Polyester Woven Fabrics

This article is focused on the comparison of dyeing, and washing and light fastness properties of conventional and novel perlite-containing polyester woven fabrics via color measurements. All the production processes for the regular and perlite-containing polyester filament yarns were the same. The fabrics were dyed with three medium level energy disperse dyes of different hues in order to observe the shade change caused by the intrinsic yellowness of the perlite-containing fabric. Dyeing and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated by their corresponding lightness (L*), chroma (C*), color strength (K/S), and color difference (ΔEab*) results. The perlite-containing fabrics showed similar dyeing and fastness characteristics when compared with the regular fabrics. The perlite-added fabrics were dyed in darker color but had lower chroma values than the regular ones. The perlite-added fabrics also had better fastness results than the regular fabrics when the evaluation was performed in the group itself. Intrinsic yellowness of perlite-added fabrics must be taken into account for any attempt to dye the fabric to a pre-designed shade.