Polyester Staple Fibers Research Articles

Novel Compound Cushion Layer for Reinforcement of Ballistic Resistance

Energy transmission and dissipation are the basic functions of cushion materials. In this investigation, spread polyester filament was laid on the pre-punching polyamide web with low-melted polyester staple fibers to create a sandwich structure by covering another web. Bonding by needle punching and thermal calender then, produced compound nonwoven fabrics, and these were then used to replace the original cushion material of a bulletproof vest. The buffer effect of the compound nonwoven fabrics in the bulletproof complex fabrics was assessed based on the deformation of the backing material in a bullet-shooting test. The content of low-melting-temperature polyester staple fibers, needle punching density and the polyester filament content were adjuster to determine the influences of these parameters on the buffer effect of the compound nonwoven fabrics in bulletproof complex fabrics. The compound nonwoven fabrics were demonstrated to be superior to the original cushion material of a bulletproof vest in terms of buffer effect. Additionally, this work hoped to reduce the production cost of bulletproof vests. The analytical results show that the maximum deformation of the backing material changes from 3.29 to 1.85 cm under adaptable processing conditions. Compound nonwoven fabrics with improved buffer effect thus can be used to replace the original cushion material of a bulletproof vest.

Study on thermal treatment of hybrid technical yarns

The present paper reports the impact of thermal treatment on the characteristics of core-sheath type hybrid technical yarns. The core-sheath type hybrid yarns are prepared using DREF-III technology. Polyester and glass multifilaments are used as core components whereas the cotton and polyester staple fibers are the sheath components wrapped around the core filament with different proportions to form a hybrid structure. The thermal treatment is carried out both in dry and in wet state under relaxed condition and the thermal shrinkage, sheath-slipping resistance and tensile and bending properties of hybrid yarns have been studied. Thermal treatment markedly increases the thermal shrinkage and sheath-slipping resistance of hybrid yarns with polyester multifilament in core, but insignificant effect for yarns with glass multifilament in core. Breaking elongation of hybrid yarns with polyester multifilament in core increases with treatment temperature. The hybrid yarns with glass multifilament in core are least affected by thermal treatment.

Influence of the shape of fiber cross section on fabric surface characteristics

Fiber cross sections for use in textiles and composites are becoming more and more complex. Shape impacts fiber or filaments properties and therefore the yarn and fabric characteristics. This paper presents the influence of the fiber cross section on the fabric surface characteristics. The material used was polyester staple fibers, of four different shapes: round, scalloped oval, cruciform and hexachannel. All fibers had the same cut length with different fineness. Yarns obtained from these fibers had nominally the same yarn count, torsion value and structure. Plain jersey fabrics were knitted from each of the yarns under identical conditions and then relaxed prior to testing. Friction behavior was evaluated and a roughness-friction criterion developed. An indirect measurement of the real area of contact was obtained in order to provide roughness and friction properties. The influence of fiber cross section on yarn bending rigidity and on the state of the knitted fabric surface was characterized.

Analysis of the drainage performance of geotextile composites under confined loads

In drainage applications, smart geotextiles containing polypropylene and polyester staple fibers, along with other synthetic waste fibers (20–1000 denier) prepared by a special needle-punching mechanism, have been used as filling materials. A three-layer non-woven/drainage layer/non-woven structure was adopted in the manufacture of these smart geotextiles. Typical two or three-dimensional structured geonet composites having a similar thickness to the smart geotextiles were used as reference materials to compare the drainage properties. The variation of thickness, in-plane permeability, and transmissivity with compressive stress were evaluated, and the differences and similarities between the smart geotextiles and geonet composites were interpreted.

PLAYING BY THE RULES

CHINA HAS ISSUED TOUGH RULings against foreign chemical producers in antidumping cases in the past few weeks. But it has also been promulgating more precise regulations for the conduct of future dumping investigations. In February, China's Ministry of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation imposed duties as high as 48% on South Korean producers of polyester staple fiber. MOFTEC also slapped duties of up to 52% on South Korean polyester chips. One of the trade ministry's first announcements in 2003 was a decision to require producers of caprolactam in Japan, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Russia to pay deposits on their exports to China. The decisions followed investigations lasting over a year and conducted by both MOFTEC and the State Economic & Trade Commission. At present, according to Tian Yu, a senior partner at the law firm Jincheng in Beijing, the trade ministry decides whether dumping is actually taking place and sets the antidumping duties. In ...

DAK TAKES PLUNGE INTO POLYESTER

NOT MANY COMPANIES ARE EAGER to get into the U.S. polyester business. It's not just a slow business, like so many others today, because of economic conditions. In some sectors, such as textile fibers, it's downright moribund because of apparel and fiber imports. So observers are likely to take notice when a firm takes over a huge slug of polyester business. That firm is DAK Americas, which last July acquired DuPont's business in polyester resins and purified terephthalic acid (PTA). By April, it will own DuPont's Dacron polyester staple fiber business outright, too. What differentiates this polyester maker from others is its vertical integration from feedstock to fiber and a strategy to measure its profits on the success of its entire business rather than on the individual units. Hector R. Camberos, 53, president and director general of DAK, a part of Mexican conglomerate Alfa, explains: We are players in the PTA value chain. ...

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Stainless Steel/Polyester Woven Fabrics

This paper presents a preliminary study of the development of stainless steel/polyester woven fabrics for electromagnetic shielding applications. To facilitate weaving of stainless steel wires and to reduce material costs, initially blended yarns of stainless steel and polyester staple fibers are produced by a ring spinning method, then woven into a variety of structures. Using a coaxial transmission set-up, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of these fabrics is determined in the frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. Variations of EMSE with the woven structures, number of layers, and blend ratio of stainless steel to polyester in the yarns are described. The new textile material may be suitable for shielding home electronics and electrical appliances from electromagnetic fields.

Predicting Yarn Tenacity: A Comparison of Mechanistic, Statistical, and Neural Network Models

Prediction of yarn properties from fibre properties and process parameters is a well-researched topic. For a number of years, mechanistic and statistical models have primarily been used to tackle the problem. Over the last ten years, neural networks have been used in increasing numbers for this purpose. However, a comparative assessment of the performance of these three approaches has not been forthcoming. In this paper, all the three models have been applied on the data available to validate the mechanistic model described by Frydrych (pertaining to cotton yarns). The exercise was repeated for data pertaining to yarns spun from polyester staple fibre in the laboratory. The results conclusively prove the superiority of neural networks over mechanistic models and simple regression equations for predicting ring yarn tenacity from fibre properties and process parameters.

Manufacturing effects on the hydraulic properties of needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles

Needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles are entangled to form a complex three-dimensional structure by random fibers, accounting for its bulky nature, wide range of pore size distribution, and good drainage. With needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles, water can move in both the vertical and horizontal directions. This paper examines two types of needlepunched nonwovens: one produced from polyester staple fiber and the other made from polyester spunbond continuous filaments. Experimental results indicate that the permittivity of staple needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles varies from 1.77–4.51 s -1; the permeability coefficient varies from 0.63–2.87×10 -2 m/s. The permittivity of spunbond needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles varies from 1.13–1.97 s -1; the permeability coefficient varies from 0.48–1.09×10 -2 m/s. In addition, the transmissivity of needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles decrease to an essentially constant value as the normal stress is increases. The transmissivity of needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles examined varies from 155–2.75×10 -6 m 2/s over the normal stress range examined (5–200 kN/m 2). The AOS value of 3 denier staple fiber needlepunched nonwovens is less than 0.074 mm, the AOS value of spunbonded 7 denier and, 15 d and 20 d needlepunched nonwovens are 0.21 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm, respectively.

Puncture Protection of Geomembranes Part II: Experimental

Geomembrane protection materials should be considered in design if geomembranes are to properly serve the role of barrier materials. The type, thickness and properties of the required protection material are in significant need of a rational design method. This series of three papers provides a design method for the inclusion of geomembrane protection materials, geotextiles in particular. Part I focuses on theory, this paper, Part II, focuses on experiments, and Part III focuses on design examples. In this paper, truncated cone and stone puncture test results for both short and long term durations are presented. A 1.5 mm thick high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane, and various nonwoven needle punched geotextiles with varying masses per unit area made from virgin polyester and polypropylene continuous and staple fibers were tested. Using the results of this testing program, a design methodology was developed for calculating the required mass per unit area of a puncture protection material for a given factor of safety. Conversely, the design can be used to determine the unknown factor of safety for a given type of protection material.

Elastic Recovery and Inverse Relaxation of Polyester Staple Fiber Rotor Spun Yarns

We have studied the elastic recovery and inverse relaxation phenomena of polyester staple fiber rotor spun yarns. Better fiber orientation obtained with a drawing passage before spinning results in higher permanent deformation and lower delayed elastic recovery of the yarn. Yarn twist has little influence on elastic characteristics. The stress produced in the yarn when strained at 10% is higher when fibers are straighter and lower when twist increases. The inverse relaxation effect increases with the level of orientation of the fibers in the yarn.

Adhesion of Solid Particles on the Fiber Substrate. III.

Spherical particles of hydrated iron (III) oxide were prepared by the interfacial reaction method and their adhesion to polyester staple fibers was investigated in n-heptane/n-tetradecane mixtures.The systems reached equilibrium after 48 h under weak oscillation in an incubator at various temperatures (15, 35, and 55°C).In this study, typical Langmuir type isotherms were obtained in the soiling systems, instead of Freundlich type isotherms as nonuniform particles/cloth in the previous report.Langmuir type adhesion was found to be exothermic in alkane mixtures.Affinity parameters in n-heptane/n-tetradecane mixtures decreased with increasing ratio of n-tetradecane to n-heptane, and hence with increasing surface tension of dispersing medium.

Eastman, Indonesians in new fiber venture

Eastman Chemical has reached an agreement with Texmaco Group, an Indonesia-based company, to market up to 400 million lb per year of polyester staple fiber. This will represent the combined output ...

The Friction of Polyester Staple Fibres: The Effects of Speed, Processing, Spin Finish, Humidity, and Counterface-surface Roughness

Experiments are described in which a capstan method was used to measure the fibre/metal and fibre/fibre coefficients of friction of single polyester staple fibres. Tests were conducted on fibres carrying the manufacturer's spin finish, before and after partial processing into yarn, and on cleaned fibres. The cleaned fibres were tested against stainless-steel pins of roughness 0.08, 0.11, and 0.28 μm RA, in atmospheres of 65% and below 20% relative humidity. All the tests were conducted over the speed range 0.03–290 m/min. The spin finish is shown to have an increasing effect with processing of the fibres and is thought to be unevenly distributed in the hale fibre. The friction of cleaned fibres shows more correlation with the mechanical properties than with the delustrant content. Fibre/metal friction is lower against the rougher surfaces owing to variations in the true area of contact. Humidity affects the low-speed fibre/metal coefficients, which may indicate the presence of adsorbed-water layers on the...

33—THE STRUCTURE, TENSILE PROPERTIES, AND MORPHOLOGY OF FAILURE OF WRAPPED YARNS

An investigation is described in which several wrapped yarns were spun from 100% polyester staple fibre with different continuous-filament yarns in a wide range of wrapping densities. The tensile properties of the wrapped yarns were studied, and the effects of the linear density of the continuous filament yarn and the wrapping density on the yarn structure and tensile properties were investigated. The morphology of the yarn failure during tensile testing was studied by photographing the yarn during extension. The yarn structure for the different continuous-filament-yarn wraps was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The study illustrates the effect of the wrapping filaments on yarn structure, yarn tensile properties, and the mechanism of failure during extension. The effect of the wrapping continuous-filament, yarn on yarn characteristics was found to be the predominant factor'.

BISFA: Internationally agreed methods for testing polyester staple fibres. Base1 (Schweiz): 1985. 67 S., Brosch

Acta PolymericaVolume 37, Issue 9 p. 597-598 New Book BISFA: Internationally agreed methods for testing polyester staple fibres. Base1 (Schweiz): 1985. 67 S., Brosch F. Winkler, F. WinklerSearch for more papers by this author F. Winkler, F. WinklerSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/actp.1986.010370923Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue9September 1986Pages 597-598 RelatedInformation

The friction of polyester textile fibres

A capstan method is used to measure the fibre-fibre and fibre-metal coefficients of friction of single polyester staple fibres. Tests have been conducted over a range of relative speeds (0.03-290 m min-1), normal loads (0.3-16 mN), and against two stainless steel pins of surface roughness 0.11 and 0.28 mu m RA. The fibre-fibre and fibre-metal coefficients show differences in their dependence on speed and on normal load. The differences are attributed to geometric effects and to the thermal properties of the polymer. The findings are supported by the results of similar tests on carbon and steel fibres, which were tested in isolation and in combination with polyester fibres in the fibre-fibre geometry. A test between a single polyester fibre and a nylon pin is also described.

Mechanical Properties of Cotton/Polyester Yarns

Samples of two cotton cultivars were spun with high- and normal-tenacity polyester staple fibers in cotton/polyester blend ratios of 100:0, 67:33, 50:50, 33:67, and 0:100. Stress-strain measurements provided tenacities, elongations, and breaking energies. Based on the stress-strain response of the pure cotton and pure polyester yarns, breaking energies were calculated for the yarn blends, with the assumption that the two different components did not interact. Differences between calculated and experimental values, which were maximum when the polyester content was about 60%, were attributed primarily to the interaction between the constituent cotton and polyester fibers. Support for this attribution was provided through measurements of energy lost when an oscillatory shearing motion was applied to 50-gram blended specimens of carded lap.

Utilization of the waste from the production of polyester filament yarn and staple fibre

Utilization of the waste from the production of polyester filament yarn and staple fibre

Anti-static agents for polyester staple fibre

Anti-static agents for polyester staple fibre