Polyester-cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Ecofriendly one-bath waterless dyeing: Systhesis of novel pyrazolone benzothiazole disperse dyes suitable for cotton-containing fabircs in supercritical CO2

Traditional dyeing utilizes a substantial amount of water and necessitates the incorporation of significant quantities of dyes, auxiliaries, and salts, leading to the discharge of highly concentrated organic wastewater and severe water pollution issues. In this study, a novel pyrazolone benzothiazole disperse dye and its triazine disperse reactive dye were designed with the same yellow shade and synthesized. The results showed that the synthesized dyes could successfully realize one-step dyeing of cotton, polyester, and polyester-cotton in supercritical CO2. At 100℃, 24 MPa, 60 min, and 2.5 % (o.w.f.) of dye concentration, the K/S value of polyester-cotton fabric was 8 by using the same amount of disperse dye and disperse reactive dye. When disperse reactive dye was used at 100℃, 24 MPa, 60 min, and the concentration of 1.5 % (o.w.f.), the K/S value of cotton fabrics can reach 7.3, and their σK/S values were less than 0.03 and 0.006, respectively. Moreover, polyester reached the maximum K/S value of 15.96 at 120°C, 24 MPa, 60 min, and a dye concentration of 2.0 % (o.w.f.) with disperse dye. The σK/S value was below 0.045. The fastness of washing and rubbing was above 4. This study provides novel disperse dye structures and dyeing methods for ecofriendly textiles dyeing in supercritical CO2, especially for one-bath low temperature dyeing polyester-cotton fabrics.

Extraction of Natural Dye using Peels of Citrus Fruits for Enhancing Color Fastness of Fabrics

The current study investigates the extraction of dyestuff using citrus fruits and assesses its color, light, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. For the experimental study, three types of citrus fruits—orange, lemon, and grapefruit—were chosen to extract dye from their peels. The dye was applied to two types of fabrics (100% cotton and a blended fabric made of polyester-cotton (PC) with a ratio of 50:50) using the conventional aqueous method. The results revealed the remarkable efficacy of orange dye on both fabric types, demonstrating excellent color fastness attributes, with a minor preference for PC fabric in washing fastness. In contrast, lemon dye displayed better washing fastness properties on the tested materials as well as considerable staining potential. Grapefruit dye performed exceptionally well in terms of water and perspiration fastness. Future research could focus on improving dye extraction techniques for citrus fruits to increase color absorption and penetration. Determining various solvents, time duration for dyeing, and temperature settings could enhance the dyeing performance and effectiveness of natural dyes in different industrial applications. Further studies could also conduct life cycle assessments to measure the environmental impact of using citrus peels as a natural dye source compared to synthetic dyes in the textile industry.

Janus Structure Construction of Polyester-Cotton Fabrics for Achieving Excellent Moisture, Moisture-Permeability, and Antibacterial Capability.

Integration of hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalities into polyester-cotton blended (PTCO) textiles has attracted more attention but remains a challenge. Here, a Janus fabric with antibacterial effect, hydrophobicity, and enhanced moisture-permeability is fabricated using a "mist polymerization" approach. The PET fibers in the PTCO fabric are amino-functionalized through ammonolysis reactions of PET molecules with HDA, and mist treatments of poly lauryl methacrylate (PLMA) and poly(DMC-co-MA) (PDM) are applied on the two side surfaces of the PTCO-HDA fabric, respectively. The resulting Janus fabric exhibits an antibacterial rate of 99.9% against both E. coli and S. aureus, along with a hydrophobic property on its single side (PTCO-HDA@PLMA). Additionally, the establishment of a surface-free energy gradient across the fabric confers superior moisture-permeability to the Janus fabric, offering advantages in preserving textile comfort. Moreover, this approach does not significantly compromise the original fabric properties, such as mechanical strength, moisture permeability, and fabric softness. The proposed method offers a straightforward and scalable strategy for textile finishing, demonstrating great potential in expanding the application scope of PTCO fabrics, and it may hold a pivotal role in diverse applications, notably encompassing home textiles, wound dressings, and high-performance sportswear.

The Effect of Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) towards Flammability Properties of Polyester-Cotton Military Fabrics

Polyester-cotton fabric is one of the most common materials used in military fabrics. The study of the suitable fabric material is critical because military personnel must prepare themselves from inevitable events such as heat exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the flammability features of various cotton compositions in polyester-cotton military textiles with and without the presence of Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP). We performed a full flammability test, including a cone calorimeter test and a limited oxygen index (LOI) test on three distinct types of polyester-cotton textiles treated with 10% di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). The result shows that, the higher the percentage of cotton, the lower the fire-retardant properties. Besides that, this study also found that the di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) improves the flammable properties of the military fabric.

Organic-inorganic hybrid-modified polyester/cotton fabric: Strategy for enhanced flame retardancy, chemical stability and amphiphobicity

As surface treatments for the application of functional components to substrates have gained increasing attention, there is a growing interest in endowing fabrics with multiple functionalities in addition to flame retardancy. This study describes the successful formation of a fluorination treatment of Al2O3 cross-linked onto the surface of a self-assembled PEI/PA coating for polyester/cotton (PC) fabrics. This coating approach aims to improve the flame retardancy, amphiphobicity, chemical stability, and self-cleaning properties of PC fabrics. The treated fabrics demonstrated exceptional fire resistance, with a significant reduction of 55.4 % in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) during combustion. Correspondingly, there was a decrease of 53.8 % in the peak release rate of CO2, while the limiting oxygen index increased from 17.9 % to 30.4 %. Additionally, the contact angles of water, glycol, and peanut oil droplets before and after treatment increased from 20.4°, 65.1°, and 34.6° to 146.0°, 143.1°, and 97.9°, respectively. The coating exhibits durable self-cleaning performance in both ambient and hot water and remains stable across a pH range of 1–14. This research offers a viable pathway for achieving flame retardancy on fabrics while enhancing their multifunctionality.

Dyeing of Mixed Cotton and Polyester Fabrics with New Dyes—Complexes of Collagen with Transition Metal Ions

Uniform, stable, one-step dyeing of textile fabrics made from a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers using traditional methods remains problematic to this day. As an alternative to traditional methods, a one-step method for dyeing mixed cotton and polyester fabrics with a new natural dye—a complex of collagen and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions—was proposed for the first time. Dyeing of pre-prepared cotton, polyester, and cotton–polyester fabrics is carried out by dipping in an aqueous dye solution, squeezing, drying, and heat setting. The influence of the mass ratio of dye components, fixation temperature, and pH of the solution on the degree of dye fixation was determined. A degree of sorption of dyes (14–25%) from the solution onto the surface of fabrics was established, which after heat fixation decreases slightly (1–3%). During washing processes, the copper complex is almost completely washed out from polyester and blended fabrics and remains in small quantities (2.4–3.8%) on the surface of cotton fabrics. After water washing, the degree of fixation of the collagen–chrome complex in fabrics is as follows: in cotton—8–10%, in polyester—10–12%, and in cotton–polyester—8–9%. The color coordinates of cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics hardly change before and after washing, but for polyester fabric, the changes are significant. The mechanism of interaction of the complex dye with the fibers was studied using the Fourier transform infrared method, and the morphology and distribution of the dye on the surface of the samples using the SEM-EDS method. The dye binds to cellulose through ionic and coordination bonds, and to polyester through joint melting. Therefore, unlike pure polyester fabric, cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics demonstrated high color fastness to washing and light fastness. The use of production waste, the exclusion of synthetic dyes and harmful chemicals, and single-stage dyeing of the material reduce the environmental burden.

Multifunctional polyester-cotton fabrics with excellent flame retardancy, superhydrophobicity, antibacterial property and UV resistance

In this study, multifunctional polyester-cotton fabrics (PTCO) were constructed by gradually assembling polyethyleneimine phenyl phosphonate (POI) and different hydrophobic agents, respectively. The effect of different hydrophobic agents including tetraethyl orthosilicate, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, hydrophobic property, UV resistance and antibacterial property of PTCO/POI was investigated in detail. PTCO/POI-SiF had better flame retardancy due to the flame-retardant effect of PFDTES and POI, and the limiting oxygen index increased from 29.8 % to 31.2 %. The thermal oxidation stability of PTCO/POI-SiH and PTCO/POI-SiF was significantly improved in high temperatures, and the char residues at 700 °C were increased from 4.1 % to 7.6 % and 7.4 %. And PTCO/POI-SiH and PTCO/POI-SiF had excellent superhydrophobic properties with water contact angles of 151° and 162° and sliding angles of 4° and 3°. The ultraviolet protection factors of them were increased to 56.9 and 63.3, respectively, which had a good UV resistance. And both PTCO/POI-SiH and PTCO/POI-SiF had excellent antibacterial effects for E. coli and S. aureus. The breaking force, whiteness and moisture permeability of the finished fabrics had not been changed. Therefore, it is believed that PTCO/POI-SiH and PTCO/POI-SiF are promising for application in multifunctional fabrics.

A flexible, soft superabsorbent polyester-cotton blended fabric in-situ coated by poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylic acid)

A novel pre-synthesized polymer is fabricated with sodium polyacrylate and acrylic acid through free radical polymerization. Interestingly, the pre-synthesized polymer is further polymerized on the polyester-cotton fabric in the presence of glycerol as a cross-linking agent forming superabsorbent fabric. The composite functional fabrics is prepared by two steps, namely synthesis and finishing process. Owing to the vital role of the viscosity of pre-polymer for the superabsorbent property, the effect of monomer concentration, temperature, time, dosage of initiator and degree of neutralization on the viscosity of pre-polymer is thoroughly investigated. Besides, the effects of the degree of neutralization and dosage of polymerization solution as well as cross-linking agent on the water absorption of the composite and unfinished polyester-cotton blended fabrics is compared, respectively. After treatment, the water absorption capacity increases from 1 to 323.52 g/g in 1 h, reaching a maximum value of 417.53 g/g after 3.5 h. Besides, the water transportation obeys a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, the composite fabric exhibits an optimum water retention capacity of up to 4 h. This speedy and super-water-absorbing material exhibits great potential in practical applications, such as in sanitary articles, wound dressings, and soil moisture.

Linear regression analysis of properties related to moisture management using cotton–polyester knitted fabrics

The complex evaluation of thermo-physiological comfort for a particular garment is still challenging, as it depends on the different structural parameters and individual properties of textiles. Measurement of relevant fabric characteristics requires very specific laboratory equipment, such as an M 290 moisture management tester (SDL ATLAS) or similar. For this reason, it is obvious that there is a great demand to predict the overall moisture management capability ( OMMC) based on the individual properties that are responsible for clothing comfort and testing according to different standards rather than OMMC-specific calculation using the M 290 tester. Therefore, in this research, linear regression analysis was performed using MATLAB software to predict the OMMC for cotton–polyester fabrics knitted in two patterns, namely 1 × 1 rib and half-Milano rib, using four percentages of fibers. Water vapor permeability, water vapor resistance, water absorption capacity, water absorption time, and air permeability were used as input variables for linear regression analysis to predict the OMMC of fabrics. The performed analysis has shown that the OMMC is directly dependent on the relative water vapor permeability and air permeability, and the linear regression equation suggested in this research can predict the suitability of a textile for a particular garment concerning its moisture management behavior.

Simple modification of phenylphosphonic acid to construct polyester-cotton fabrics with high flame retardancy

Polyester-cotton fabrics (PTCO) have excellent properties and are ubiquitous in daily life, but their serious flammability brings great safety hazards to people's lives. This study used phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and urea as raw materials to prepare a flame retardant named POU. PTCO/POU was prepared by the pad-dry-cure technique, and the performance was compared with that of PTCO/PPOA, revealing many interesting phenomena. Based on the gas phase and condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism brought by P/N synergy, PTCO/POU had better flame retardancy than PTCO/PPOA did. The damaged length was 6.7 cm, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was 30.1%. The char residues after burning were complete and denser with a higher degree of graphitization. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that POU can significantly reduce the Rmax of PTCO, and improve its thermal stability in high temperature zones. The CCT results showed that PTCO/POU had the longest time to ignition and the smallest fire growth index, which was of great significance for reducing fire risk. The TG-FTIR results showed that the volatile products of PTCO/POU were greatly reduced, and during the burning process, NH3 was produced to dilute the concentration of combustible gases. In addition, PTCO/POU also had better whiteness performance than PTCO/PPOA did. This work greatly improved the flame retardancy of PTCO in a simple way and expanded its application prospects.

Electroless deposited NiP-fabric electrodes for efficient water and urea electrolysis for hydrogen production at industrial scale

Herein, an advanced approach for transforming ordinary cotton-polyester fabric into a flexible and catalytic current collector is demonstrated for water and urea electrolysis for industrial-scale H2 production, addressing challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. A controlled electroless plating is adopted to deposit conducting metallic Ni-nanoparticles together with NixPy-catalytically active phase on an open macroporous framework of fabric. NiP-fabric electrodes exhibit exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline, acidic, and in artificial Sea-water with overpotential values of 159 mV, 127 mV, and 94 mV at 10 mA/cm2 current density respectively. These electrodes also demonstrate the outstanding oxidation reaction for oxygen evolution and urea oxidation with the potential of just 1.509 V vs RHE (at 20 mA/cm2) and 1.312 V vs RHE (at 10 mA/cm2), with the in-situ formation of more active NiOOH species. A self-supported and macro-porous electrode configuration regulates the adsorption/desorption of intermediates species, enhanced charge and mass transport, and easier desorption of oxygen molecules. Finally, a two-electrode water and urea electrolyzer is constructed by NiP-fabric, which can deliver an H2-production at 100 mA/cm2 at a potential of 1.883 V and 1.611 V, respectively.

Facile construction of H3PO3-modified chitosan/montmorillonite coatings for highly efficient flame retardation of polyester–cotton fabrics

Chitosan (CS) has been used to form flame-retardant coatings containing clays and nanoparticles. However, further improving the flame-retardant efficiency of the system remains a challenge. In this work, we developed a type of polyelectrolyte complex coating (PCM) using H3PO3 protonated CS and montmorillonite for highly efficient flame retardation of polyester–cotton fabrics. The surface morphologies, chemical structure, flame retardancy, burning behavior, thermal decomposition behavior, laundering durability, mechanical properties, and hand assessment of the coating and coated fabrics were investigated. The PCM coatings were built on the fabric surface by blading coating, in which H3PO3 presented in the form of salts via ionic interactions with CS. With 13 wt% add-ons of the PCM, the coated fabrics (PCM-13) presented a limiting oxygen value reaching 64.3 %, and easily self-extinguished in the vertical flammability test. In the cone calorimetry test, PCM-13 presented reductions in peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of 49 %, 65 %, and 59 %, respectively. PCM-13 exhibited good laundering durability and maintained superior flame retardancy even after 50 washing cycles. We found that PCM coatings showed both condensed and gaseous flame-retardant activity. PCM-13 had good mechanical properties but became more inflexible than the untreated fabrics. This study may offer possibilities for modifying CS via ionic bonds for functional polyelectrolyte complex coatings.

Particle Shedding from Cotton and Cotton-Polyester Fabrics in the Dry State and in Washes.

The influence of 3, 10 and 50 washing cycles on the properties of cotton fabric and cotton-polyester blend in plain weave, was investigated in this study. In addition to the analysis of tensile properties in weft and warp directions and thickness, the number of particles produced in the dry state was also measured after 3, 10 and 50 washes. After washing, the entire effluent was analysed by determining the total suspended solids (TSS), the total solids (TS), the pH value and the conductivity. To determine the similarity of the observed wash cycles and properties of all processed samples, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed. The fabric changes indicated by total wear in the warp direction after 50 washing cycles compared to unwashed ones amounting to 41.2% for cotton and 30.9% for cotton-polyester blend, may be attributed to the synergy of washing factors and raw material composition. Cotton fabric produced significantly more particles than cotton-polyester fabric in the dry state after the examined washing cycles in all size categories. A smaller number of released particles are in the larger size category >25 μm. The obtained TSS values confirm the degree of loading of the effluent with particulate matter from the analysed fabrics, since the detergent consists of water-soluble components. The HCA dendrograms confirmed that the release of particles during the first washing cycles is mainly determined by the structural properties of fabrics, while in the subsequent cycles the synergistic effect of chemical, mechanical and thermal effects in the interaction with the material prevailed.

Tuning the properties of breathable polyurethanes through chemical crosslinking

AbstractThe present work aims at improving the properties of waterproof breathable polyurethane membranes by introducing chemical crosslinks. A series of crosslinked polyurethanes were prepared by chain extension of prepolymer containing varying amounts of a triisocyanate‐based crosslinker (0–15% wt/wt). Thin polyurethane films (~40 μm) were prepared by a solution casting technique and the effect of introducing the crosslinker on thermal, mechanical characteristics was established. Crosslinking led to an increase in glass transition temperature. All crosslinked polyurethanes exhibited a sub‐ambient Tg. Both tensile and tear strengths were found to improve with crosslinking. Crosslinking (15% wt/wt) led to an increase in waterproofness from 112 ± 11 mbar to 574 ± 23 mbar, while the breathability reduced from 1246 ± 52 g/m2/day to 678 ± 32 g/m2/day. Polyurethane membranes containing 10% crosslinker exhibited an optimal balance of waterproofness and breathability, where the film was found to possess a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 834 ± 37 g/m2/day with a hydrostatic pressure of 490 ± 18 mbar. This was subsequently coated on a cotton–polyester fabric to fabricate a breathable textile which was found to exhibit a WVTR of 663 ± 18 g/m2/day and a hydrostatic pressure of >3 bar, which was suitable for practical applications.

Application of Silver-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes in Flame Retardant and Smoke-Suppressive Coating for Polyester-Cotton Fabric.

Despite the wide applications in clothing, furniture, and transportation, the well-known "scaffolding effect" in polyester-cotton fabric has caused significant fire hazards compared to sole polyester or cotton fabrics. Therefore, it is of practical significance to endow polyester-cotton fabric with excellent fire safety. In this work, an organic-inorganic composite coating comprising nitrogen-phosphorus-silicon-containing flame retardant and silver nanoparticle-loaded halloysite nanotubes (Ag@HNTs) was designed and prepared to improve the fire safety of polyester-cotton fabrics. Microscale combustion colorimeter results indicated that the peak heat release rate of the modified polyester-cotton fabric with such a composite coating was reduced by 47%. Meanwhile, it could self-extinguish in 9 s after being ignited, and the limiting oxygen index was up to 25%, indicating excellent fire safety. In addition, the total smoke release of the coated polyester-cotton fabric was reduced by 21%, illustrating that the coating of Ag@HNTs could eliminate the smoke generated. The treated fabric also exhibited superior water resistance. Flame retardant mechanisms were well investigated using thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectrometry analysis and chemiluminescence by studying the gaseous degradation products and hydroxyl radical in the gas phase. This work provides an effective approach to fabricating high-performance flame retardant and smoke-suppressive coatings for textiles.

FT-IR Spectral Model of Polyester-Cotton Fabrics with Corona Plasma Treatment using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

<p class="Abstract">Corona plasma technology has been studied as a surface modification for the adhesive bonding of polymers. Although corona plasma (C.P.) is becoming more popular in nanotechnology, the influence of corona plasma treatment parameters on the FT-IR spectra is a problem that has yet to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to use an artificial neural network to study the influence of corona plasma (C.P.) treatment parameters on textile polymer and evaluate the ability of this model to predict FT-IR spectral information from FT-IR measurements. In this study, polymers were modified under various corona plasma treatment conditions. We investigated FT-IR spectra information of polymers from FT-IR measurements by varying corona plasma treatment variables. We used three input parameters in this study: wavenumber, voltage, and exposure time—two output parameters: fabric roughness with SEM according to the degree of smoothness and percent transmission with FT-IR. The novel aspect of this study is that we used ANN to model the plasma treatment on polyester-cotton fabrics and the FT-IR spectra accurately enough for the first time. According to this study, the model that used four nodes (neurons) in the hidden layer, three input parameters (x<sub>1</sub>,x<sub>2</sub>,x<sub>3</sub>), and 20 iterations is appropriate for determining fabric surface roughness (S.R.) and percent transmission (T%). Based on this research, the values of R<sup>2</sup> for determining fabric surface roughness (S.R.) and percent transmission (T%) were 99.79 percent and 67.18 percent, respectively. The results showed that the developed ANNs could accurately predict the experimental data in detail. This study is significant because it uses artificial intelligence to calculate and simulate the FT-IR spectra and fabric surface roughness of plasma treatment on textile fabrics. This study's scientific application is that it will help experts, researchers, and engineers understand the implications of plasma on the chemical structure of textile materials.</p>

Modification of bentonite nanoclay for textile application

The influence of the bentonite content (1, 3, 5 wt%) on the mechanical properties of lightweightcotton (C), polyester (P) and polyester-cotton (P/C 50/50) fabrics was investigated. Starch was used asa water-insoluble binder for coating fabrics. Bentonite nanoparticles were obtained by repeated hydration,decantation and evaporation of the water dispersion. The bentonite particle size was determinedby the XRD method using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The diffraction of the laser beam was used todetermine particles size distribution. The addition of bentonite nanoclay significantly improved tensilestrength (26-61% and 99–118% in the warp and weft direction, respectively) and tear strength (4‒13%and 5–24% in the wrap and weft direction, respectively) of coated fabrics. Their abrasion resistancehas also slightly increased. The biggest changes were noted for the cotton fabric, the smallest for thepolyester fabric, which may result from the low compatibility between starch and the polyester fabric.

Durability of Shield Effective Polyester Cotton Fabric with Integrated Stainless Steel Threads in Processes of Dry and Wet Cleaning.

Protective properties against electromagnetic radiation represent the essential value of textiles for protective clothing worn in hazardous working conditions. To ensure that protective clothing lasts for as long as feasible, care processes must be optimized, especially since protective clothing is subjected to repeated cycles due to soiling. Improved formulations of special detergents and agents with high-performance finishing agents used in care processes can contribute to a longer life of protective clothing. In this paper, the shield effectiveness of a cotton polyester fabric with integrated metal threads in the warp and weft directions at frequencies of 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, and 2.4 GHz is compared to that of its environmentally friendly alternative, wet cleaning processes. The research is carried out by varying process parameters: mechanics, chemical action, and cycle number. The results proved the drop of shield properties of polyester/cotton fabric with integrated stainless steel threads depending on frequencies and the number of professional cleaning cycles. The worst shield effectiveness of the tested fabric was obtained after 10 cycles of dry cleaning, wherein the degree of protection at frequency 2.4 GHz is reduced by 6.89 dB. According to the obtained results, the level of functional properties was better preserved in the wet cleaning process, which additionally has better ecological premises compared to dry cleaning process.

IMPROVEMENT OF FLAME RETARDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON-POLYESTER BLEND FABRICS

The fire retardant and antibacterial characteristics of cotton-polyester blend fabric have been improved. A composition has been developed for complex finishing of fabric using a phosphorus-containing substance on a biological basis, which, due to its high phosphorus content, can provide a fire-retardant function to textile material, as well as increase its antimicrobial properties. The thermal characteristics of treated textile materials have been studied and it has been established that the presence of phytic acid at the initial stage of destruction shifts the temperature towards lower values due to the activation of phytic acid degradation before the decomposition of the main substrate. The maximum temperature at which the final destruction of the cotton-polyester fabric occurs shifts to higher temperatures from 507°C for the untreated fabric to 565°C for the treated fabric, and the presence of dry residue increases by more than 2.5 times, which proves an increase in the heat resistance of the textile material. The length of the damaged area in the vertical combustion test was 6.5 cm, and the absence of drop formation of the polyester component was also noted, which eliminates the potential destructive effect due to the possible formation of additional fire areas. An increase in fabric antimicrobial activity is confirmed by a zone of inhibition of 2 – 4 mm around the sample using the diffusion method with gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus pyogenes, as well as a pronounced growth inhibition of microorganisms around fabric samples examined by the method of inoculation of microflora from the environment. Treatment with the studied composition improves washing resistance and does not impair the mechanical properties of the textile material by increasing the degree of crosslinking of the polymer components used in the finishing composition.

Study on the flexible superhydrophobic piezoresistive sensor and electrochemical properties of three-dimensional network structure polypyrrole hollow tube/cross-leaf ZIF-L

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) materials have advantages such as large specific surface area, high porosity, adjustable skeleton structure, and easy functionality, but their poor electrical conductivity limits their application in the field of piezoresistive sensors and electrochemistry. To solve this problem, we prepared polypyrrole hollow tubes on the surface of polyester-cotton fabric using the soft template method and in situ polymerization method, the cross-leaf ZIF-L (L means leaf shape) was grown on the surface of polypyrrole hollow tubes using the in situ growth method, and the properties of piezoresistive sensing, electrochemistry, and surface wettability were tested. The experimental results showed that the three-dimensional network structure polypyrrole hollow tube/cross-leaf ZIF-L composite combined the advantages of polypyrrole hollow tube and ZIF-L materials, and the average sensitivity reaches 6.12 kPa−1, which was 5.3 times that of the polypyrrole hollow tube composite, and 1.9 times that of the cross-leaf ZIF-L composite. As an excellent energy storage material, the specific capacitance was 42.4 F · g−1 at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s. The composite was also an excellent superhydrophobic material, and its contact angle was up to 168.5°, which can facilitate the practical application of sensor materials and electrode materials. Polypyrrole hollow tube/cross-leaf ZIF-L composite had advantages of a simple process, thin thickness, light weight, and low price, and can be widely used in the field of smart wearables.