Prevalence Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Research Articles

THU644 Gene-by-PCOS Interactions In Cardio-metabolic Traits On A Panel Of Genetically Diverse Strains Of Mice

Abstract Disclosure: L.M. Velez: None. C. Johnson: None. I. Yoon: None. K. Aberra: None. R. Feng: None. I. Tamburini: None. N. Ujagar: None. M. Nelson: None. A. Senior: None. D. Ashbrook: None. R. Williams: None. D. Nicholas: None. M. Seldin: None. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrinopathies, and is frequently associated with major metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Despite the prevalence of PCOS, the genetic architecture and subsequent interactions with metabolic and reproductive variables remain relatively unexplored. Here, our aim was to define genetic interactions which mediate susceptibility to PCOS using a panel of genetically diverse strains of female mice. Leveraging accessibility in mice and defined environmental variables, we aimed to interrogate major metabolic traits, to gain mechanistic insights into the pathophysiologic outcomes associated with PCOS. Specifically, our PCOS model involved a subcutaneous (sc) implantation of an aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole)-containing pellet (or matched controls) for 6 weeks, thus promoting increased levels of circulating androgen levels. In sum, 23 strains of female mice under normal or PCOS conditions (n = 180) were subjected to in vivo echocardiographic analysis of heart function, glucose tolerance tests (GTT), body weight and composition, estrous cycle determination, and terminal assessment of testosterone (T) levels in serum. Globally, T levels, ejection fraction (EF), fat mass (FM), and AUC from GTT were increased in PCOS vs CTRLs; however, genetics remained a strong determinant: we observed substantial variation in physiologic responses to PCOS depending on the genetic background. For example, comparing PCOS vs CTRLs, some strains showed high vs low T levels and consequent insulin resistance (i.e. strains BXD124, BXD60, 129X1/SvJ, A/J, DBA/2J), increased FM (i.e.,BXD124, 129X1/SvJ, BXD48a, C3H/Hej) or increased EF (i.e., DBA/2J, NOD, BXD79), while other genetic backgrounds showed changes in insulin resistance (AUC) (i.e.,BXD75, BXD73, AKR/J), FM (i.e.,BXD73, BXD77, BXD125) or EF (i.e.,BXD77, BXD73b) without changes in T, or high vs low T with no change in insulin resistance (i.e.,BXD125, C57BL/6J), FM (i.e., A/J, BALBc/j, DBA/2J) or EF (i.e.,129, BXD124, BXD60). As part of this ongoing project we intend to categorize degrees of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities of the PCOS models and relate to human PCOS phenotypes, and, along with integration with –omics analysis of diverse key tissues, survey the genetics of inter-tissue signaling as a result of PCOS.In summary, we present a framework to study genetic differences in the context of PCOS and here we showed that the effect of a PCOS-model on key reproductive and metabolic traits is heavily modulated by the genetic background, thus highlighting future directions for the assessment of gene by PCOS interactions. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

THU626 Impact Of Body Mass Index On Clinical And Endocrinological Characteristics Of Indian PCOS Population

Abstract Disclosure: S. Pandey: None. K. Ojha: None. K. Jayprakasan: None. K. Khanduri: None. The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), defined based on the Rotterdam criteria, in Indian women is about 10% and the clinical characteristics can be different compared to western PCOS population. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the baseline clinical characteristics of PCOS women and to compare the characteristics in different population categorised based on body mass index (BMI). Material & Methods: In this observational study done at a tertiary fertility unit in Northern India, all PCOS women, defined based on the Rotterdam criteria, attended the clinic during 2018-2022 were included (n=554). Women with known endocrine issues were excluded. The baseline characteristics - age, BMI, blood pressure (BP), hirsutism assessed by Ferriman-Galleway (FG) score, acanthosis nigricans, AMH, prolactin, TSH- were assessed. Results: While the mean (±standard deviation) age of patients the study population was found to be 27.2 ±4.1 years, the mean BMI was 25.8±4.4 Kg/m2 and Acanthosis nigricans was observed in 87 (17.51%) women. The mean B.P. was 116/76 (±9/8) mmHg and the mean FG score was 3±1. The mean AMH, TSH and prolactin were 7.26±4.39ng/mL, 3.42±5.21mIU/mL and 17.07±15.92ng/mL respectively. BMI was classified in four categories- ≤22.9 (normal, n=121), 23-24.99 (overweight, n=111), 25-29.99 (pre-obese, n=182) and ≥30.0 (obese, n=76). The mean age across the four BMI groups were 26.1±3.9, 27.5±3.9, 27.2±4.2 and 29.0±4.0 years respectively (P<.001). The BP increases as the BMI increases (114/74 (±8/8), 116/76 (±8/8), 117/76 (±9/8) & 120/77 (±11/8) Kg/m2 respectively; P= <0.05). There was no difference in FG scores across the four BMI groups (3±1, 3±1, 3±2, 3±2, respectively; P=0.8). While the AMH (7.42±4.66, 6.99±4.30, 7.49±4.43, 6.87±3.95ng/mL, respectively; P=0.644) and prolactin (17.38±19.02, 17.84±14.92, 17.55±16.22, 14.27±9.62ng/mL, respectively; P=0.42) were similar across the four BMI groups, the TSH tend to be higher in the higher BMI groups (2.77±1.70, 3.09±1.93, 3.45±4.07, 4.88±11.23mIU/mL respectively; P=0.038). The prevalence of Acanthosis nigricans (12(9.4%), 20(18%), 29 (15.9%), 26 (34.2%), respectively; P=<0.001) was also found higher in the higher BMI groups. After conducting post-hoc analysis, it was found out that obese (≥30) group has highest mean of TSH (4.88±11.23) level, Age (28.97±4.04), B.P. count (120/77 (±11/±8)) and prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (34.2%). Discussion-While the mean (±SD) age of the study population was 27±4.1 years, the mean BMI was 25±4 Kg/m2. When categorized based on BMI (n=182; 32.9%) fell into the pre-obese group. While BMI showed a positive correlation with age, B.P., TSH and Acanthosis nigricans, nevertheless, the mean AMH, prolactin and FG score were similar across the 4 BMI groups. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

SAT357 Rising Incidence, Health Resource Utilization and Costs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United Kingdom

Abstract Disclosure: T. Berni: None. C. Morgan: None. A. Rees: None. Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder but trends in incidence and impact on health resource utilization are not known. Objectives: 1. To describe secular trends in prevalence and incidence of PCOS in the UK. 2. To establish healthcare resource use and associated primary and secondary care costs. Methods: Data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database (2004-2021). Patients (≥18 yrs) of acceptable research quality and eligible for linkage to HES were included. A diagnosis of PCOS was established from medcode or ICD-10 codes. Point prevalence was assessed at the midpoint of each year from 2004-2020. Incident cases (2004-2021) were defined as a first diagnosis (index date) at least 90 days after practice registration. Costs from index date were compared for incident cases (n=132,925) and controls matched (1:1) by age, BMI category and primary care practice. Primary care contacts were assigned an average cost as listed in the Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2019. Prescription items were assigned a net ingredient cost from the Prescription Cost Analysis for England 2019. Inpatient admissions and outpatient consultations were processed into Healthcare Resource Groups and costed to the National Tariff. Results: The incidence of diagnosed PCOS increased from 1.22 per 1000 person years in 2004 to 1.77 in 2012 and 2.20 in 2019. Point prevalence increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 2.1% in 2012 and 3.4% in 2020. Mean contacts per person year (ppy) for patients with PCOS versus controls were 0.43 vs 0.25 for inpatients (p<0.001), 3.29 vs 1.83 for outpatients (p<0.001) and 6.46 vs 4.71 (p<0.001) for primary care. Mean healthcare costs (ppy) were £748 vs £438 (p<0.001) for inpatients, £383 vs £216 (p<0.001) for outpatients, £156 vs £111 for primary care and £114 vs £87 (p<0.001) for primary care prescriptions. Total health care contacts ppy were 10.81 vs 6.21 (p<0.001) and total associated costs were £1400 vs £852 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of diagnosed PCOS has risen significantly in the United Kingdom over the last two decades. This may be partly due to increased ascertainment and recording on computerised systems. Health resource utilization and costs were almost doubled in women with PCOS compared to controls. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a population of women of reproductive age using Rotterdam 2003 criteria (literature review)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, and the associated health risks persist throughout life. At the same time, there is a wide range of variations in the incidence of the syndrome (4–21 %), which in turn is explained by the influence of the study population characteristics, including ethnicity and race, as well as the applied diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study. To systematize the available data on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria in a population of women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. The search for information was carried out using Internet resources (PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, eLibrary). Literature sources for the period 1990–2023 were analyzed. As a result, the article presents current data on the prevalence of PCOS using the Rotterdam 2003 definitions, the features of the PCOS incidence in hospital and non-selective (medically unbiased) populations, as well as in various ethnic groups. The review also discusses current guidelines for conducting studies on the PCOS prevalence. Conclusion. The latest guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients with PCOS, published in 2018, propose to consider the provisions adopted in Rotterdam as the basis for the diagnosis of the syndrome; at the same time, the need to take into account racial and age characteristics is noted.

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Its Associated Conditions And Complications: an Experience from a Low Socio-Economic Population of Sikandrabad, Karachi, Pakistan

OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome, its associated conditions and complications in the low socio-economic population of Sikandrabad, Karachi. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health care centre of Ziauddin University, Sikandrabad-Karachi, Pakistan, from January-June 2021. The ethical committee of the university approved this study. All female patients with gynaecological complaints having an age between 18 to 49 years were included. Females with a history of unilateral oophorectomy, uterine abnormality and abnormal karyotype or known malignancies were excluded from the study. A sample size of 118 was calculated using open-epi software. A performed questionnaire was used to collect data from females with gynaecological complaints. PCOS was diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria. Routine examination tests were done at the Primary Health Care Clinic (PHCC) of Ziauddin Hospital, and obesity was labelled through BMI calculation. RESULTSOf 118 females in the reproductive age group screened, 55.93% reported PCOS as a major gynaecological problem, followed by endometriosis at 16.94%, uterine fibroid at 14.46% and urinary tract infections at 9.32% respectively. Patients had infertility as a major complaint, with 54.54% cases followed by menstrual abnormalities at 21.21%, obesity at 16.66% and others at 7.57%. Most patients (38%) were obese, and 34% were overweight. CONCLUSION PCOS is a prevalent complicated endocrine disorder in women in the reproductive age group, and it presents with varying gynaecological complications like infertility, menstrual disturbances, hirsutism, and acne. Obesity, hormonal imbalance and poor dietary intake affect the disease outcomes further. More multi-centred studies are needed to know the exact prevalence and causal relations.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Young Women of a University in Central Gujarat - A Cross-sectional Study.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders affecting 6%-8% of women in reproductive years. An early liberal PCOS screening appears to be a cost-effective strategy, benefiting earlier diagnosis and intervention. The objectives are to measure the prevalence of PCOS and factors associated with PCOS among young girl students of a University in Central Gujarat. All consenting girl medical students enrolled in MBBS curriculum during 2013-2017 were given a self-administered questionnaire (for signs and symptoms of PCOS), taking due prior permissions; during January 2018-June 2019. Using Rotterdam (2006) criteria, those who were screened for PCOS were subjected to abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and if required, laboratory investigations (random blood sugar, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free testosterone). The proportion of young women having PCOS as per the Rotterdam and European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (EHSRE) Criteria are reported. The study enrolled 308 girl medical students. More than one-tenth of the study participants (11.7%, 36/308) had confirmed PCOS (Rotterdam Criteria). As per the EHSRE criteria, 24/36 had classic PCOS, 11/36 had ovulatory phenotype, and 01/36 had the non-hyperandrogenic phenotype PCOS. USG was required in 123/308 (39%); of which 91 consented and 16/91 (18%) had conclusive PCOS. Twenty-three girls required laboratory investigations, of which two had abnormal values suggestive of PCOS. Irregular menses and hirsutism were significantly associated with the PCOS (P < 0.05). The proportion of young medical students with PCOS was 12%. Irregular menses and hirsutism were significantly associated with PCOS.

Gynecological and dermatological aspects of diagnostics of polycystic ovary syndrome from puberty to menopause

The article is devoted to the review of scientific publications on gynecological and dermatological aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in different age periods of women’s life. Analysis of domestic and foreign publications presents that the prevalence of PCOS depends on the age of women and the state of their reproductive function, and is accounted 17% in women 21 to 30 years old and significantly decreased with age. More than half of all cases of endocrine infertility (50-75%) and about 20-22% of the causes of infertile marriage in general are associated with PCOS. The phenotypic heterogeneity of women with PCOS affects the pregnancy outcomes in different ways, which increases the risk of its pathological course, early pregnancy loss, the development of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, the birth of small and large for gestational age babies, etc.“The golden standard” for hyperandrogenism diagnosis in PCOS patients is the determination of the index of free testosterone and androstenedione. Other indicators are important for differential diagnosis and definition of syndrome phenotypes. Different PCOS phenotypes are characterized by different ratios of the contribution of sources of excess androgen synthesis. Depending on the cause, hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients is accompanied by various metabolic risks. Usually, an excess of androgens in women is clinically manifested by hirsutism, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, acanthosis nigricans, and androgenetic alopecia.The presence of dermatological manifestations of hyperandrogenism has different diagnostic value in puberty, women of reproductive age and in menopause. Acne can be the first sign of pubertal maturation. Additional examinations should be planned in extremely severe cases, which are accompanied by signs of androgen excess, or do not respond to treatment. In women of reproductive age and in perimenopause, the need to assess androgenic status is extremely important. Hair loss according to the female type is associated with manifestations of metabolic syndrome, and it is an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis and mortality from cardiovascular diseases.Therefore it is recommended to use the modified Rotterdam criteria for PCOS diagnosis. Such criteria include clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, signs of oligoanovulation, polycystosis (morphology of the ovaries according to ultrasound diagnostics), if other causes of relevant disorders are excluded. At the same time, any two of the specified criteria have diagnostic value, which makes possible to establish not only the diagnosis, but also clinical variant (phenotype) of PCOS, the diagnosis of which is the basis for choosing individual treatment for this contingent of women.

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Its Link to Obesity in Adolescent Girls.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, happens to be one of most commonhormonal disorders found in females, causing large-sized ovaries with small cysts of non-ovulated oocytes in the outer medulla part of the ovary. Women suffering from PCOS often exhibit symptoms like oligomenorrhoea, elevated testosterone levels, acne, alopecia, hirsutism, sudden weight gain and many more. It can predispose a woman to developing infertility in future, and thus, difficulties in conceiving; due to the cystic changes in the ovaries, it results in anovulation and amenorrhea. The early symptoms of PCOS are being commonly observed nowadays in young women who are in their early 20s and those who are overweight or obese. The metabolic expression of PCOS increases with obesity. Obesity is a factor that is considered to contribute the most in the occurrence of various long-standing and non-transmissible illnessesapart from PCOS such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, high blood cholesterol and even certain types of cancers. In obesity, there is an increase in the size and number of fat cells in the body. Obese and overweight young girls have a heightened likelihood of developing PCOS and its corresponding metabolic and reproductive health complications.

Birth outcomes in mothers with hypertensive disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based cohort study.

Is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with higher risks of extreme birth size and/or preterm birth in mothers with different hypertension types? PCOS was associated with additional risks of preterm birth in mothers with chronic hypertension and in singleton pregnancies of mothers with pre-eclampsia, and with higher risks of offspring born large for gestational age (LGA) in mothers with gestational hypertension. Women with PCOS are more likely to develop gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and chronic hypertension. Although adverse birth outcomes have been frequently reported in mothers with PCOS, such associations in the setting of a hypertensive disorder remain unknown. This is a population-based cohort study including all live births 2004-2014 in Finland (n = 652 732). To ensure diagnosis specificity, mothers with diagnoses that could cause signs and symptoms resembling PCOS were excluded. Maternal diagnoses of PCOS, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, and pre-eclampsia were identified from the Finnish national registries. Generalized estimating equation and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CIs of preterm birth, very preterm birth, and offspring being small for gestational age (SGA) or LGA in hypertensive mothers with or without PCOS, using normotensive mothers without PCOS as reference. Of 43 902 (6.7%) mothers with hypertensive disorders, 1709 (3.9%) had PCOS. Significant interactions were detected for PCOS with hypertension on preterm birth, very preterm birth, offspring born SGA and LGA (Fpreterm = 504.1, Pinteraction < 0.001; Fvery preterm = 124.2, Pinteraction < 0.001; FSGA = 99.5, Pinteraction < 0.001; FLGA = 2.7, Pinteraction = 0.012, respectively). Using mothers with no hypertensive disorder and no PCOS as reference, the risks of preterm and very preterm birth were overrepresented in non-PCOS mothers with chronic hypertension or pre-eclampsia. PCOS was associated with higher risks of preterm birth (aORPCOS 4.02, 3.14-5.15 vs aORnon-PCOS 2.51, 2.32-2.71) in mothers with chronic hypertension, with significant interaction between the exposures (F = 32.7, Pinteraction < 0.001). PCOS was also associated with a higher risk of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies of mothers with pre-eclampsia (aORPCOS 7.33, 5.92-9.06 vs aORnon-PCOS 5.72, 5.43-6.03; F = 50.0, Pinteraction < 0.001). Furthermore, the associations of PCOS comorbid with chronic hypertension or pre-eclampsia was detected also for spontaneous births. Moreover, the risk of offspring LGA was higher in mothers with PCOS and gestational hypertension although lower in those with gestational hypertension alone (aORPCOS 2.04, 1.48-2.80 vs aORnon-PCOS 0.80, 0.72-0.89; F = 9.7, Pinteraction = 0.002), whereas for offspring SGA, the risks were comparable between hypertensive mothers with and those without PCOS. Information on medication treatment, gestational weeks of onset for pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, weight gain during pregnancy, and PCOS phenotypes were not available. All diagnoses were retrieved from registries, representing only those seeking medical care for their symptoms. The ICD-9 codes used to identify PCOS before year 1996 are known to underestimate the prevalence of PCOS, while the inclusion of anovulatory infertility as PCOS might introduce an overrepresentation bias, although PCOS constitutes 80% of anovulatory infertility. The risk of very preterm birth in relation to maternal PCOS and hypertensive disorders should be interpreted with caution owing to limited sample sizes. Multifetal pregnancies among maternal PCOS were too few for a subgroup analysis. Moreover, ART included IVF/ICSI only. Potential effects of other treatments, such as ovulation induction, were not examined. PCOS was associated with additional risks of preterm birth or offspring being LGA in hypertensive mothers, which varied between hypertension types. The exacerbated risks highlight consideration of PCOS in pregnancy counseling and management for women with hypertensive disorders. This study was supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2020MH064 to X.C.], the joint research funding of Shandong University and Karolinska Institute [SDU-KI-2019-08 to X.C. and C.L.], the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare: Drug and pregnancy project [M.G.], the Swedish Research Council [2022-01188 to C.L.], the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institute Stockholm County Council [RS2021-0855 to C.L.], the Swedish Brain Foundation [FO2021-0412 to C.L.]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, writing of the report or decision to submit for publication. The authors report no conflicts of interest. N/A.

Prevalence, Regional Variations, and Predictors of Overweight, Obesity, and Hypertension Among Healthy Reproductive-Age Indian Women: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Task Force Study.

A clear understanding of the anthropometric and sociodemographic risk factors related to BMI and hypertension categories is essential for more effective disease prevention, particularly in India. There is a paucity of nationally representative data on the dynamics of these risk factors, which have not been assessed among healthy reproductive-age Indian women. This cross-sectional polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) task force study aimed to assess the anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics of healthy reproductive-age Indian women and explore the association of these characteristics with various noncommunicable diseases. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from 2018 to 2022 as part of the Indian Council of Medical Research-PCOS National Task Force study, with the primary aim of estimating the national prevalence of PCOS and regional phenotypic variations among women with PCOS. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted, and 7107 healthy women (aged 18-40 years) from 6 representative geographical zones of India were included in the study. The anthropometric indices and sociodemographic characteristics of these women were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between exposure and outcome variables. Of the 7107 study participants, 3585 (50.44%) were from rural areas and 3522 (49.56%) were from urban areas. The prevalence of obesity increased from 8.1% using World Health Organization criteria to 40% using the revised consensus guidelines for Asian Indian populations. Women from urban areas showed higher proportions of overweight (524/1908, 27.46%), obesity (775/1908, 40.62%), and prehypertension (1008/1908, 52.83%) categories. A rising trend of obesity was observed with an increase in age. Women aged 18 to 23 years were healthy (314/724, 43.4%) and overweight (140/724, 19.3%) compared with women aged 36 to 40 years with obesity (448/911, 49.2%) and overweight (216/911, 23.7%). The proportion of obesity was high among South Indian women, with 49.53% (531/1072) and 66.14% (709/1072), using both World Health Organization criteria and the revised Indian guidelines for BMI, respectively. BMI with waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio had a statistically significant linear relationship (r=0.417; P<.001 and r=0.422; P<.001, respectively). However, the magnitude, or strength, of the association was relatively weak (0.3<|r|<0.5). Statistical analysis showed that the strongest predictors of being overweight or obese were older age, level of education, wealth quintile, and area of residence. Anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics are useful predictors of overweight- and obesity-related syndromes, including prehypertension, among healthy Indian women. Increased attention to the health of Indian women from public health experts and policy makers is warranted. The findings of this study can be leveraged to offer valuable insights, informing health decision-making and targeted interventions that mitigate risk factors of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. RR2-10.2196/23437.

A Collection of Regional Treatment Features of Chinese Traditional Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common female gynecological diseases that cause menstrual disorders, amenorrhea and infertility in women of childbearing age, polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS is a disease that causes menstrual disorders, amenorrhea and infertility due to endocrine metabolic abnormalities. According to epidemiological research data in China, the incidence of PCOS in China is between 5% and 10%. The prevalence of PCOS in China is between 5% and 10%, which seriously affects female reproductive function. The disease is divided into Western medicine and Chinese medicine treatment two methods. However, due to the Western medicine treatment of this disease taking a long time and causing side effects, it is slowly not being used; Chinese medicine treatment of this disease, instead, uses evidence-based treatment and typology treatment. The effect is significant and gradually widely used in clinical. This paper summarizes the research and treatment of this disease in Chinese medicine in recent years and provides a reference value for the subsequent clinical treatment and research of this disease.

Awareness regarding knowledge associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among women in Wardha district- A cross-sectional study.

Women can develop PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) at a young age. It is a reasonably common endocrine disorder that results in hormonal imbalances and mostly raises androgen hormone production. In India, one in eight women had PCOS, according to a study from the year 2020. More than half of the 10 million people with PCOS are unaware that they have it, hence there is a need for improved public awareness of the condition. For the general public to realize the necessity, it is necessary to have awareness of having symptoms like irregular periods and pelvic pain. Despite the way that there is no solution for PCOS, there are medicines that could facilitate the pressure and difficulties brought about by side effects. The likelihood of an early diagnosis will increase as PCOS becomes more well-known. The adoption of a standardized questionnaire, which will guarantee consistency in data collection and minimize bias, is the study's key strength. A big sample size will also increase the study's accuracy and the generalizability of its findings. The study's drawbacks include the possibility of recollection bias since respondents might not fully recall their familiarity with PCOS. Additionally, because the study will only be conducted in one Indian district, the generalizability may be limited of the outcomes. Analyzing the level of PCOS knowledge and awareness among women in India's Wardha area is the goal of this research proposal. The discoveries of this study will be useful for public health initiatives aiming at raising PCOS awareness and, ultimately, lowering the prevalence of PCOS among women.

Gymnemasylvestre as a potential therapeutic agent for PCOS: insights from mRNA differential gene expression and molecular docking analysis

BackgroundIn spite of the increased prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in bilateral ovaries (PCOS) in females globally (~ 20%), the rate of decisive treatment is limited due to late and invasive diagnostics and the unavailability of stand-alone drugs against phenotypic symptoms associated with PCOS. This study aims at unravelling molecular mechanisms allied with this disorder and identifying genes and pathways that are altered causing PCOS as a pre-requisite need. Furthermore, this study intends at assessing the therapeutic potentials of Gymnemasylvestre phytocompounds mainly triterpene saponins against targeted proteins and helps in seeking exemplar drug candidates. The study is designed in 2 major parts—firstly identifying key proteins involved in pathophysiology by tracing back the deregulated genes in mRNA expression profiles of PCOS Patients obtained from GEO datasets database further compared and analysed by GEO2R Analyzer and significantly deregulated genes were subjected to PPI network, KEGG and GO analysis using STRING and ShinyGO tools. The second half of the study involved molecular docking its visualisation and in silico pharmacological analysis of imminent phytocompounds revealing plausible drug candidates.ResultsIn the study, most implied deregulated genes were MRP gene family, ICT1, NDUFA12, VDAC3, APOO, TOMM5, COX6C, COX7B, EDN1 and EDN3 genes whose functional enrichment suggests flawed metabolism of proteins and damaged mitochondrial translation. With high binding affinity, less toxicity at higher dose level Lupeol, Beta-Amyrin, Beta-Elemene, Stigmasterol, Gymnestrogenin and Dammarane proves to be efficient drug candidates.ConclusionThe findings of this study imply better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the disorder and encourage further clinical studies pertaining to medicinal natural phytocompounds of Gymnemasylvestre.

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and its clinical and hormonal profile in young females with type 1 diabetes mellitus: experience from a teaching institution of India.

To investigate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and its clinical and hormonal profile in females with type 1 diabetes. 65 T1DM females were evaluated for presence of PCOS by Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus criteria and compared with age and BMI matched females with PCOS without diabetes and females with T1DM without PCOS. According to Rotterdam criteria 18/65 (27%) had PCOS. Prevalence of androgen excess, hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction and PCOM was 26%, 3%, 21% and 52%, respectively. Females with T1DM who had PCOS did not differ from females with T1DM without PCOS. When the group of T1DM with PCOS was compared with PCOS females without diabetes, they had significantly lower hirsutism score (median, IQR; 1.5, 0-3 vs. 11.5, 0-16.5, p = 0.04), significantly higher waist hip ratio (0.91, 0.89-0.99 vs. 0.86, 0.80-0.89, p = 0.004) and SHBG (in nmol, 54.4, 38-86.2 vs. 28.3, 20.4-37.4, p = 0.004). Females with T1DM have a high prevalence of menstrual abnormalities, hyperandrogenism and PCOS which is not related to metabolic control, age of onset of diabetes or insulin dose. Polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, type 1 diabetes, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism.

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndromes (PCOS) in adolescent girls and young women: A questionnaire-based study

One of the most prevalent metabolic disorders among women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess symptoms, such as hirsutism and acne, are common in women with PCOS. Additionally, there may be an increased risk of other morbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, cancer, and psychological disorders.This study is an attempt to summarise the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) in adolescent girls and young women residing in the National Capital Region belonging to the age group of 11-30 years.The study was questionnaire-based and carried out for a duration of 6 months with 267 participants. The BMI of the participants was calculated using the formula: BMI= weight in kgs/ height in m2. PCOS was diagnosed using a questionnaire with Rotterdam’s criteria.The prevalence of PCOS was found to be 77.1%. The mean age group at which maximum number of participants were diagnosed with PCOS was 18-20 years. The BMI (BMI=kg/m2) of all the participants was calculated and 8% participants came under the obese category. 90% of the participants were aware of PCOS, 79.2% participants agreed PCOS is increasing rapidly while 19.3% participants had no idea about PCOS.The study concludes that respondents were less aware of the actual prevalence of PCOS and also associate the disorder’s manifestation with lifestyle variations. Even at this young age adolescent girls and women are at a high risk of metabolic syndrome because of the increased prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and lack of physical activity. A good diet, regular exercise, early diagnosis, and treatment modalities available are all critical components of raising awareness about PCOS and the risk factors associated with it.

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Girls with a History of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

Introduction: The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls is between 1 and 4.3%. It remains controversial whether women with a history of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) are at increased risk for PCOS. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of PCOS in adolescents with a history of ICPP compared with healthy adolescents and the prevalence of PCOS among ICPP girls who have received or not gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment. Methods: We assessed post-menarcheal girls with a history of ICPP. Girls were evaluated at gynecological age ≥2.5 years. Data collected were age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics, BMI, clinical hyperandrogenism (HA), total and free testosterone levels. PCOS diagnosis was defined by criteria for adolescents. Subjects were also analyzed regarding whether or not they had received GnRHa treatment. Results: Ninety-four subjects were assessed, and 63 had been treated with GnRHa. Menstrual disorders were found in 29%, clinical HA in 36%, and biochemical HA in 23%. Twelve percent met the diagnostic criteria for PCOS. There was no difference in BMI or in the incidence of menstrual dysfunction or hyperandrogenemia between treated and untreated patients. A higher proportion of clinical HA was found in untreated patients when compared to treated girls. The relative risk (RR) of developing PCOS in ICPP girls was 2.5 compared to a population of healthy adolescents. This RR was not higher in patients who received treatment with GnRHa than in those who did not. Conclusion: Adolescent girls with a history of ICPP have an increased risk of PCOS. This risk seems not to be related to GnRHa treatment.

Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is frequently accompanied by endocrine disturbances. We compared the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related reproductive disorders between drug-naïve BD patients and matched healthy controls (HCs) and between drug-naïve BD patients and BD patients with long-term medication, as well as the clinical metabolic correlates among BD patients. Methods72 drug-naïve BD patients, 98 HCs, and 72 BD patients with long-term medication were recruited in the study. Menstruation was recorded, reproductive hormone levels and metabolic indicators were measured, and a pelvic ultrasound examination was performed via transvaginal sensor for each participant. PCOS was defined using the Rotterdam criteria. ResultsAfter controlling for demographic variables, drug-naïve BD patients presented higher rates of PCOS than the HCs (OR: 3.02, 95 % CI: 1.09–8.36). Regression analysis showed that long-term treatment with valproate (OR: 3.89, 95 % CI: 1.13–13.37), age (OR: 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.14–0.95), and insulin resistance index (OR: 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.10–12.71) were correlated with PCOS in BD patients. ConclusionsDrug-naïve BD patients are susceptible to developing PCOS, and valproate is correlated with increased occurrence and development of PCOS. Therefore, PCOS in BD patients, especially those who use valproate, needs to be investigated and monitored closely by medical personnel.

Determining the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in 15-19 Age Group Adolescents in Eskişehir, Comparison of Omentin 1 Levels in PCOS and PCOS-Like Cases Compared to Control Groups

Determining the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in 15-19 Age Group Adolescents in Eskişehir, Comparison of Omentin 1 Levels in PCOS and PCOS-Like Cases Compared to Control Groups

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome by ultrasound and it's relation with endometrial hyperplasic and depression

BackgroundOne of the most prevalent endocrine illnesses, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), affects 4-8% of women of reproductive age over the world. There are 16% of Saudi Arabian women have PCOS. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PCOS among females in Saudi Arabia and to analyze the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia and depression. MethodsA cross-sectional study of patients with PCOS was conducted at King Abdullah Bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Two questionnaires were filled by participants who came to Ultrasound department at KAAUH. ResultsA 288 patients diagnosed and suggestive to have PCOS. Patient with diabetics, hyper-tensive, and those who had heart disease were excluded. Including participants were 73 diagnosed and suggestive to have PCOS. Most of them had an irregular pattern (85.8%), (17.3%) had oligo-menorrhea, and 5.5% had menorrhagia. Most of them (68.5%) had ovaries diameters more than 9 28 mm, and 31.5% had normal ovaries. When participants were asked about trouble falling asleep, interrupted sleep, or sleeping more than usual, 23.2% said they suffered from them nearly daily. ConclusionThe incidence of PCOS was significantly associated with irregular menses. In addition, there was a significant association between the size of the ovary in ultrasound and previous 32 diagnosis with PCOS, otherwise no significant association between the remaining items.

Individual and joint associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with polycystic ovary and polycystic ovary syndrome: Results from the TREE cohort

Phthalates are widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals that adversely affect female reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the individual and joint associations of phthalate exposures measured by repeated urinary metabolites with polycystic ovary (PCO) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (96 PCO cases, 96 PCOS cases and 370 controls). In single-pollutant analyses, mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) were associated with increased prevalence of PCO. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MBzP and ∑DEHP were associated with elevated prevalence of PCOS. In multiple-pollutant analyses, one-quartile increase of weighted quantile sum index in phthalate metabolite mixtures was associated with increased prevalence of PCO and PCOS, and MBzP was the most major contributor. Our findings suggest a potential role for phthalate exposures, both individually and in mixtures, in the development of PCO and PCOS.