Polycystic Ovary Research Articles

Butyrate-Mediated Modulation of Paraoxonase-1 Alleviates Cardiorenometabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with cardiovascular risks and comorbid pathologies, particularly cardiorenal disorder. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, are essential fatty acids that regulate metabolic health and ameliorate granulosa inflammation in PCOS. However, the effect of butyrate on cardiorenal damage associated with PCOS is unknown. This study investigated the impact of SCFA and butyrate on cardiorenal abnormalities in PCOS rat model and the probable involvement of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into three groups, n = 5, namely control (CTL), PCOS (LEZ), and LEZ + BUT. Induction of PCOS with letrozole (1mg/kg) lasted for 21days, while treatment with butyrate (200mg/kg) commenced after the induction and lasted for 6weeks uninterruptedly. PCOS rats showed hyperandrogenism, multiple ovarian cysts, disrupted metabolic indices (fasting insulin and homeostatic model of insulin resistance), and increased (p < 0.05) plasma troponin T, urea, and creatinine, as well as increased cardiac/renal stroma cell-derived factor-1/caspase-6, malondialdehyde/nuclear factor-kappaB, transforming growth factor-β1, and renal ϒ-glutamyl transferase, while a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in systemic nitric oxide/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cardiac/renal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which were accompanied with a decreased level of PON-1. These systemic and cardiorenal derangements were reversed by butyrate administration. The results demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of SCFAs, butyrate, against cardiorenometabolic disorder in a model of PCOS. This beneficial effect is accompanied by an elevated level of PON-1. The present data possibly provides a preclinical relevance for the management of cardiorenal syndrome in PCOS.

The dietary phytochemical index and its relation to polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, can be significantly impacted by diet. This study explores the relationship between a diet rich in phytochemicals, measured by the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI), and PCOS, along with associated health markers. A case-control study design was implemented with 480 individuals diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, paired with 480 controls matched in terms of age and BMI. The evaluation encompassed dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and hormonal/metabolic markers. Additionally, the DPI score was determined based on the consumption of phytochemical-rich foods. The study also examined PCOS-related complications like acne and irregular menstrual cycles, as well as mental health using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores. Women with PCOS had significantly lower DPI scores (32.42 vs 43.87, p < 0.001) compared to the control group, indicating a less phytochemical-rich diet. The DPI scores coincided with higher levels of hormones typically associated with PCOS, including Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), and testosterone. Additionally, these scores were associated with markers of metabolic dysfunction such as C-reactive Protein (CRP), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), while positively correlating with Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) (all p < 0.050).). Higher DPI scores were associated with a significantly reduced risk of PCOS (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23, P for trend: 0.001) and its complications, including acne and irregular menstrual cycles. Interestingly, a positive association emerged, suggesting better mental health (lower BDI-II scores) with higher DPI scores. In conclusion, this study indicates that lower DPI scores are associated with a higher incidence and severity of PCOS, suggesting that a phytochemical-rich diet could potentially benefit the management of PCOS by enhancing hormonal profiles, metabolic health, and mental well-being in women.

Deciphering the Role of Androgen in the Dermatologic Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A State-of-the-Art Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a presvalent endocrine disorder affecting women globally, characterized by hormonal imbalance, metabolic disturbances, and reproductive dysfunction. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, medical history assessment, physical examination, and laboratory tests, with the Rotterdam criteria being widely used. The pathophysiology of PCOS involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle influences, with hormonal dysregulation, particularly elevated androgens, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, playing a pivotal role. These mechanisms not only contribute to reproductive and metabolic disturbances but also to the various cutaneous manifestations, such as acne, hirsutism, and alopecia. This review aims to analyze the role of androgens in the dermatological manifestations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, providing insights into underlying mechanisms and guiding the development of effective therapeutic strategies. By synthesizing available evidence, this review aims to deepen understanding of related dermatological manifestations and improve outcomes for affected individuals.

Phytochemical Interventions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : (PCOS) Systematic Review

Worldwide, 2.2-26% Many women who are fertile experience PCOS, a complicated the Endocrine, metabolic, and genetic condition. Pale menstruation, infertility, hirsutism, acne, and insulin resistance are some of the symptoms of PCOS, which is typified by polycystic ovaries, persistent anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. While they come with risks and adverse effects, conventional treatments frequently target specific ailments. Herbal remedies, on the other hand, present a viable, low-risk substitute. The effectiveness of several botanicals, such as Ashoka, Shatavari, Lodhra, Guduchi and Haritki in reducing PCOS symptoms is highlighted in this review. These herbs improve ovarian morphology and lower hyperandrogenism; they also have hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, and hormone-regulating qualities. Other herbs that are useful for hormone imbalance, reproductive dysfunction, depression, menstruation include The plants Phyllanthus emblica and Bauhinia variegata. Bellirica terminalia. Hypericum perforatum with Tribulus terrestris. anomalies. Notably, there have been no documented adverse effects and these phytotherapeutic approaches are well tolerated. The goal of this review is to compile the body of research regarding the use of natural plants to treat PCOS, with a focus on the possibility of herbal formulations as a safe, effective, supplemental management strategy for condition.

Resveratrol improves follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting the inflammatory response and pyroptosis of granulosa cells.

Chronic inflammation is a key characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with follicular dysplasia in PCOS. PCOS patients treated with 1000mg resveratrol (RES) daily for 3months showed significant improvement in menstrual cycle regularity compared to the placebo group. This investigation explores potential impact of RES on a rat model of PCOS. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to a 30-day letrozole/high-fat diet interventions for PCOS model establishment, followed by RES intervention (20mg/kg/d) for an additional 30days. RES intervention mitigated obesity, estrous cycle irregularities, and ovulation disorders while decreasing serum testosterone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in PCOS rats. Concurrently, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NLPR3, IL-6,) and pyroptosis-related markers (GSDMD, cleaved-Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18) were downregulated. Additionally, KGN cells (a human granulosa-like cell line) were treated with LPS and RES for in vitro assays. It was observed that RES (15μM) significantly reduced ROS production and downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-intervened KGN cells. Additionally, RES downregulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related factors (GSDMD and cleaved-Caspase-1) and attenuated IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in LPS-induced KGN cells. Furthermore, RES intervention improved the pyroptosis-associated morphology of KGN cells after LPS treatment. In conclusion, RES may restore follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting inflammation and NLRP3/GSDMD/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, providing new insights into potential therapeutic approaches for PCOS.

CORRELATION OF LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN LEVELS WITH METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILES IN PCOS PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH NORMAL CONTROLS

Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, including insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Leptin and adiponectin, two adipokines involved in metabolic regulation, are known to be dysregulated in PCOS. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leptin and adiponectin levels and their association with metabolic and hormonal profiles in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted involving 120 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 healthy controls. Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (ALR) was calculated, and correlations with BMI, LH/FSH ratio, and other metabolic parameters were analyzed. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls (25.34 ng/ml vs. 11.16 ng/ml, p&lt;0.0001), while adiponectin levels were significantly lower (2.93 mcg/ml vs. 21.44 mcg/ml, p&lt;0.0001). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio was markedly reduced in PCOS patients (0.13 vs. 2.05, p&lt;0.0001). A significant correlation was observed between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.2138, p = 0.019). Conclusion: This study highlights the dysregulation of leptin and adiponectin in PCOS, suggesting their potential role in metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio emerges as a promising biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic risk in PCOS patients.

Fertility and age at childbirth in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Results from a longitudinal population-based cohort study.

There are few studies in unselected populations describing reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at the end of their reproductive years. To compare parity and maternal age at deliveries and explore factors associated with advanced maternal age in a large, unselected population-based cohort, followed prospectively for 25 years. Women randomly selected from the general population and included in the prospective Australian Longitudinal Study on Women´s Health were assessed approximately every third year from 1996 (age 18 - 23 years) to 2021 (age 43 - 48 years). Women with and without self-reported PCOS diagnosis ((n=981 and n=13 266, respectively) were compared. Overall 9.9% of women reported having PCOS and by 43 - 48 years. Compared to women without PCOS, those with PCOS had fewer births (1.7 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2, p<0.001), and more were nulliparous (23% vs. 18%, p=0.003). Women with PCOS were older at their first and second childbirths (29.5 ± 5.5 vs. 28.8 ± 5.5 years and 32.1 ± 5.2 vs. 31.1 ± 5.0 years, p<0.001 for both). PCOS was associated with increased odds of advanced maternal age at first childbirth, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.10-1.80), and increased odds of gestational diabetes, aOR 3.90 (2.99-5.10). However, type 2 diabetes and hypertension were not associated with advanced maternal age (aOR 0.81 (0.43-1.50) and aOR 0.78 (0.59-1.03), respectively. Within the PCOS group, a late PCOS diagnosis was associated with increased odds of advanced maternal age, aOR 1.98 (1.22-3.22). Women with PCOS have lower parity and give birth at a later age compared to women without PCOS. PCOS is associated with advanced maternal age, with subsequent increased pregnancy complications. Later PCOS diagnosis is associated with double the rate of advanced maternal age at birth, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis.

Follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles miR-34a-5p regulates granulosa cell glycolysis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting LDHA.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is highly prevalent in women of reproductive age worldwide, exhibits highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and biochemical parameters, and has no cure. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-34a-5p in PCOS, its effect on glycolysis in granulosa cells (GCs), and its potential contribution to follicular dysregulation. Herein, Follicular follicular fluid (FF) samples were collected from six patients with PCOS and six healthy controls undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. The isolated extracellular vesicles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. Additionally, miRNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed microRNAs, and their functions were analyzed through transcriptomics. The In vitro effects of miR-34a-5p on glycolysis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed in human ovarian granulosa tumour cell line (KGN cells). Targets of miR-34a-5p were identified by dual-luciferase reporter assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine gene and protein expression. The level of miR-34a-5p in FF-derived extracellular vesicles derived from patients with PCOS was significantly higher than that of the control group. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted miR-34a-5p as a key regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis. Furthermore, in vitro analysis showed that miR-34a-5p targeted lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), inhibited glycolysis, reduced energy supply to GCs, and promoted apoptosis of KGN cells. Conversely, miR-34a-5p inhibition restored glycolysis function and cell viability. The findings of this study show that miR-34a-5p mediates GC apoptosis in PCOS by targeting LDHA and inhibiting glycolysis, suggesting its crucial role in PCOS pathophysiology, and offering potential therapeutic targets for improving follicular development and fertility outcomes in patients with PCOS. Further research is needed to explore the clinical implications of miR-34a-5p and its use as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of PCOS.

Ayurvedic Approaches to Holistic Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

ABSTRACT The female reproductive system relies on the intact uterine adnexa and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. An imbalance can lead to pathogenesis. PCOS is characterized by ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism, and irregular ovulation. Over time, it can lead to symptoms such as changes in menstruation, obesity, infertility, depression, and increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. In Ayurveda, PCOS is a condition affecting Rasa, Rakta, and Medas, the three Dhatus. Rakta, Rasa, and Artavavaha are the Srotas that are implicated in this illness. Symptoms that may appear include Anartava (amenorrhea), Vandhyatwa, Pushpagni, and Abeeja Rutuchakra (an ovular hemorrhage). A 23-year-old woman presented at the outpatient department with complaints of irregular menstruation and rapid weight gain. An ultrasound revealed left-sided polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Palliative treatments such as Kaklarakshak Yog, Trikatu, and Triphala Churna were administered for 2 months. The patient experienced a significant reduction in symptoms and a return to a normal menstrual cycle within two months.

Clinical Effectiveness of Viddha Karma in PCOS: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, offers a comprehensive approach to addressing PCOS, including treatments like Viddha Karma. In the case of PCOS, Viddha Karma aims to relieve symptoms and enhance overall well-being. A 27 -year-old unmarried female patient came with complaints of irregular and scanty menses for the past 3-4 years, along with severe abdominal pain during the first 1-3 days of menstruation. She was treated with Shaman Chikitsa and Viddha Karma for 8 months. The patient’s menstrual cycle become regular, the volume of bleeding increased to a normal level, and she experienced a weight reduction of 5 kg. The examination of Viddha Karma principles in the management of PCOS emphasizes its potential as a supplementary treatment that tackles the underlying causes and promotes overall well-being. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of its effectiveness.

Investigating the Role of Inositol: Myo-inositol and D-Chiro-inositol in Diabetes: A Review

The sugar alcohol known as inositol and its derivatives are becoming more and more interesting in metabolism-related research studies due to its physiological roles. Inositol derivatives mainly myoinositol and d-chiroinositol have gained so much attention these days in the context of managing and treating metabolic issues such as diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. For a long time, it was considered as the vitamin B, but later we got to know it is produced from glucose so considered non-essential. Nowadays rising rates of obesity which are further linked with diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome have fuelled demand for artificial sweeteners. Many people are searching for options to maintain their weight, which has led to the widespread usage of sucrose and fructose substitutes in the food industry. Sugar alcohols such as myoinositol and d chiroinositol (which are not been commonly used) in particular can be metabolized without the need for insulin control and have little effect on blood sugar levels. These sugar substitutes have the potential to provide sweetness without raising blood sugar levels and adding calories. These have half of the sweetness of sucrose. This paper aims to thoroughly investigate and understand the various roles played by inositol in the complex field of managing metabolic diseases. To find out the eligible papers for review paper screening has been performed through PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Different sets of keywords such as inositol, d chiro inositol, myo-inositol, insulin-resistance, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, DCI and type 2 diabetes mellitus were used. Studies which full text article were present used for the review. Research articles have been included the studies specifically to find out the relation between myoinositol and diabetes or any metabolic disease. The development of many diseases, such as PCOS and diabetes, is linked with inositol deficiency. Myoinositol is derived from the food we eat as well as from within. The low levels of MI can be the result of several factors, including decreased dietary intake, increased catabolism, alterations in the gut and reduced biosynthesis. These two forms, myoinositol and d-chiroinositol play significant roles in regulating lipid metabolism and glycaemic control. glycaemic metabolism and this are also supported by many research studies. Therefore, it can be a possible treatment or management option for people suffering from metabolic issues such as diabetes and PCOS. Future studies should focus on how we can increase the intake of myoinositol through diet and dietary food products.

BS O02 - Impact of Bariatric surgery on Obesity Indices and Reproductive Hormones: A Prospective Study in Morbidly Obese Women

Abstract Background Obesity, defined by a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher, is influenced by genetics, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Genetic predispositions affect metabolism and energy regulation, while environmental factors like sedentary lifestyles and poor food environments worsen obesity. Obesity disrupts hormonal balances, impacting sex hormone levels and menstrual cycles, leading to infertility in women. This hormonal imbalance affects oocyte quality and ovulation. Bariatric surgery offers significant weight loss and metabolic improvements, enhancing reproductive hormone profiles and insulin sensitivity. Our study explores how sleeve gastrectomy affects BMI and hormone levels, aiming to understand its impact on obesity management and reproductive health. Method This prospective observational study examines the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on reproductive hormones and ovarian function in 32 morbidly obese women, adhering to Helsinki Declaration ethics. Participants, aged 18-50 with no menopause or chronic illness, consented to the study. Exclusions included those with polycystic ovary syndrome, recent reproductive organ surgery, or recent infertility medications. The study assessed changes in BMI, antral follicles, anti-Müllerian hormone, and reproductive hormones before surgery and at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. Blood samples and transvaginal ultrasounds were conducted preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively to monitor outcomes. Results The study involved participants with an average age of 33 and a mean BMI of 42.12. Significant changes were observed post-sleeve gastrectomy at 6 and 12 months (p &amp;lt; 0.001). At 6 months, BMI decreased by 9.24 units, AMH levels dropped from 3 to 2.5 ng/mL, and antral follicle counts in both ovaries declined. By 12 months, BMI decreased by 16.47 units, AMH levels fell to 2 ng/mL, and antral follicle counts further reduced. Hormonal changes included increases in FSH, LH, and estradiol, while SHBG levels rose, and free testosterone levels decreased significantly. Conclusion Individual hormone responses to weight loss and surgery necessitate personalized obesity treatments. Tailoring surgical approaches and care to hormonal profiles can optimize outcomes and reduce complications. Monitoring AMH levels post-surgery can offer insights into reproductive effects, aiding clinical management and counseling for women with obesity-related infertility. We highlight the significant impact of sleeve gastrectomy on physiological parameters in obese individuals, especially regarding reproductive health and metabolic regulation. The findings enhance understanding of the changes associated with bariatric surgery and its potential benefits for metabolic and reproductive health.

Total antioxidant capacity status in non-obese adolescent females with PCOS: a cross-section study

Abstract Background The endocrine disease polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has a number of complications. Teenagers all over the globe are becoming increasingly concerned about the syndrome. It has been suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Aim The purpose of the present work was to estimate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in non-obese adolescents and decide if the TAC could be a potential marker for the prediction and diagnosis of PCOS. Methods Serum samples were collected to assess the levels of follicle stimulant hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), serum lipids, and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 50 non-obese patients with PCOS and 50 controls; correlation analysis was made between serum lipid, hormonal parameters, and TAC. Results Adolescents with PCOS had significantly lower levels of TAC compared with controls and showed significant higher values of LH, FSH, and LH/FSH ratio. There were significant negative correlations between TAC levels with LH, FSH, and LH/FSH. Linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between TAC and LH and FSH levels in non-obese adolescents with PCOS. Conclusion Serum TAC level was diminished in non-obese PCOS patients and was related to increase of LH/FSH ratio. So, quantification of TAC activity in serum could be of value in assessment of cases at higher risk for development of PCOS, suggesting its possible role in regulating sex hormones and could have potential roles in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS in non-obese adolescent females.

The Discourse Surrounding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on TikTok: A Social Media Analysis

Background/Objectives: Individuals are turning increasingly towards online resources, such as TikTok, to educate themselves on their medical conditions. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prominent example, as women report dissatisfaction with the diagnosis process and treatment options. This study aims to provide a content analysis of the quality of PCOS health information on TikTok. Methods: A total of 325 TikTok videos were screened. Pertinent data, including likes, comments, shares, and views, along with video content concerning symptoms, interventions, and provider interactions were analyzed. Two reviewers independently used a modified DISCERN criteria to assess the quality of information for each video. A logistic regression was also utilized to model the probability of healthcare professionals creating educational videos. Results: A total of 238 videos met the eligibility criteria for analysis. Videos had a median of 468,400 views (Q1 = 146,400, Q3 = 1,100,000) and 18,000 likes (Q1 = 5631, Q3 = 65,100). The mean modified DISCERN scores were 3.6 ± 0.9 for physicians (n = 23), 2.0 ± 1.1 for non-physician healthcare providers (n = 52), and 1.0 ± 0.2 for non-healthcare professionals (n = 141) (p &lt; 0.001). Healthcare professionals were 10.9 times more likely to create educational videos in comparison to non-healthcare professionals (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: TikTok videos related to PCOS attract considerable engagement but provide low-quality information. Most videos were made by non-healthcare professionals, who discussed treatment options with limited or no research. Healthcare providers should be aware of the impacts on patients’ preconceived notions and help to improve patient education.

Visfatin and VEGF levels are not increased in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome

IntroductionPCOS is one of the most commonly occurring endocrinopathies among women and increasingly affects adolescent populations. The connection between PCOS and various endocrinological, psychological, and CVD is increasingly recognized. Some studies have shown elevated levels of visfatin and VEGF among patients with PCOS, which are markers of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In our study, we evaluated the concentration of these parameters, focusing solely on a group of adolescents with PCOS, to assess whether these early markers of CVD are present at an early stage of diagnosis.Material and methodsIn total, 80 adolescent girls participated in the study. 47 adolescents diagnosed with PCOS were included in the study group (mean age 15.68 ± 1.18 years, BMI 26.66 ± 6.41 kg/m2), while the remaining 33 regularly menstruating individuals (mean age 15.79 ± 1.22 years, BMI 25.44 ± 7.24 kg/m2) were assigned to the control group. Each participant underwent imaging, biochemical, and hormonal tests. Additionally, markers of endothelial dysfunction: VEGF and visfatin, were measured in all adolescents.ResultsBoth VEGF and visfatin levels did not differ significantly between PCOS and control group (p=0.30 and p=0.15, respectively). In the group of adolescent girls with PCOS, visfatin was significantly correlated with HDL, FSH, cortisol, and testosterone levels &amp;gt;55 ng/dl. VEGF was significantly correlated with fasting glucose, glucose levels after OGTT, estradiol, and waist circumference &amp;gt;80 cm.ConclusionIt can be indirectly inferred that both visfatin and VEGF should not be used as early markers for cardiometabolic complications among adolescent patients with PCOS. On the other hand, low visfatin levels, through their negative correlation with HDL, may have a protective effect on cardiovascular complications, while low VEGF levels, through their positive correlation with glucose levels, may have a protective influence on carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Excess Body Fat Exhibit Atypical Sympathetic Autonomic Modulation That is Partially Reversed by Aerobic Physical Training.

The aetiology of impairments in autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, as does the impact of aerobic physical training (APT) on controlling endocrine-metabolic disorders and HRV. This is because these women often present excess body fat. Therefore, we assessed whether the dysregulation in autonomic modulation of HRV in women with PCOS is due to endocrine-metabolic disorders and whether the combination of excess body fat with endocrine-metabolic disorders amplifies cardiovascular autonomic deficits. We also investigated whether APT positively influences autonomic modulation of HRV in PCOS. Non-randomised clinical trial. Women with and without PCOS with different percentages of body fat. Participants were divided into four groups: women without PCOS with a body fat percentage between 22% and 29% (CONTROL group; 22%-29%); CONTROL (30%-37%) group; PCOS (22%-29%) group; and PCOS (30%-37%) group. Hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics and HRV parameters were obtained before and after 16 weeks of APT. The PCOS (22%-29%) group exhibited lower vagal modulation than the CONTROL (22%-29%) group. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the CONTROL (30%-37%) and PCOS (30%-37%) groups. Furthermore, the PCOS (30%-37%) group demonstrated lower sympathetic modulation than the PCOS (22%-29%) group. After APT, the PCOS (22%-29%) group increased in vagal modulation, while the PCOS (30%-37%) group increased in sympathetic modulation. PCOS affects vagal modulation; however, this effect may be masked at elevated levels of body fat. Additionally, the combination of excess body fat with endocrine-metabolic dysregulation appears to reduce sympathetic modulation, possibly due to sympathetic drive hyperactivity. APT positively affected HRV in both PCOS groups.

Exploring lncRNA expression in follicular fluid exosomes of patients with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome based on high-throughput sequencing technology.

Infertility is a reproductive health problem that attracts worldwide attention. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major cause of female infertility and patients with obesity and PCOS are particularly common in clinical practice. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are a functional core in cells that regulate gene expression, transcription, and chromatin modification processes, and participate in epigenetics, cell cycle, and cell differentiation. LncRNAs are assumed to play a role in the occurrence and development of PCOS; however, their specific mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. High-throughput sequencing technology has been used to sequence and analyze lncRNAs in exosomes from the follicular fluid of patients with obesity and PCOS and those who underwent assisted reproductive therapy owing to male factors. Specific expression profiles of patients with obesity and PCOS were obtained and functional information analysis combined with a literature review were performed to screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs, which were validated using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that compared to normal patients with male infertility, patients with obesity and PCOS had a total of 20 lncRNAs with significant expression differences in follicular fluid exosomes. Among them, 17 lncRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Functional analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in "cell metabolism," "cell adhesion," and other aspects: related gene pathways mainly involved Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, spliceosomes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and ribosomes. Verification of differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed that the expression of lncRNAs TPT1-AS1, PTOV1-AS1, PTPRG-AS1, and SNHG14 in follicular fluid exosomes was consistent with the sequencing results. A preliminary differential expression profile of lncRNAs in exosomes of patients with obesity and PCOS was established by transcriptomic analysis of these individuals. Our bioinformatics analysis results may be applicable to further study of the impact mechanism involving obesity and PCOS. These differentially expressed lncRNAs maybe served as potential biomarkers for in-depth studies of the occurrence, development on Follicle quality and function for patients with PCOS in the future.

Carotid artery intima-media thickness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Background: Obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an acceptable marker in assessing the risk of heart disease. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the CIMT in PCOS women compared to non-PCOS women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 women who referred to Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, Iran from July 2020–2021. Women were divided into 2 groups of PCOS and non-PCOS women (n = 24/each). The intima-media thickness of participants’ carotid artery was measured on both sides in 3 areas, and its mean was recorded. Results: The mean thickness of the carotid artery intima-media in the case group was within the normal range; but it was significantly higher than the control group (0.71 ± 0.17 vs. 0.57 ± 0.09 mm, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Considering the higher thickness of CIMT in women with PCOS, it can be concluded that PCOS increases the risk of heart diseases in women. Key words: Polycystic ovary disease, Atherosclerosis, Intima media thickness, Carotid artery, Cardiovascular disease.

Nutritional Status of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Irbid Governorate, Jordan: A Case-Control Study

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a crucial infertility problem among women in the world; especially Arab women. The main objective of this case-control study was to perform anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and nutritional assessment among PCOS patients. The study population composed of 60 Jordanian women aged 19–39 years, and classified into two groups: 30 were cases (PCOS patients) and 30 were control group (Healthy women). Results of the study indicated that the Body Mass Index (BMI) were significantly higher among PCOS patients than healthy women. Furthermore, significant differences were shown in the mean values of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and (LH): Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (LH:FSH) ratio which were higher among PCOS patients with a p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively. Also, significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy women were shown for three clinical manifestations of PCOS including infertility, sleep apnea, and eating disorders. Moreover, the findings of the validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) revealed no significant differences between two study groups in the consumption of macronutrients and total energy intake. It is obviously concluded from the study that PCOS is remarkably responsible for substantial variations in anthropometric and biochemical measurements, hormonal levels, and clinical features among PCOS patients.

Impact of Green Tea Consumption and Its Extracts on Fat Reduction and Weight Loss

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are major health problems and challenges in the world today. It is the task of modern pharmacology, medicine and dietetics to search for new therapeutic methods to reduce body weight and body fat. Green tea has been a focus of research on its effects on weight reduction for many years. This article will analyse the available studies on the effectiveness of green tea on body weight and body fat reduction in obese and overweight people. Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to analyse the available literature in order to answer the question of whether green tea and green tea extracts (GTE) have an effect on weight loss, body fat reduction and associated metabolic processes.Materials and method: For a comprehensive review on the effects of green tea on weight and body fat reduction, we reviewed studies and literature available in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar by searching through keywords such as ‘green tea’, ‘obesity’, ‘fat’, ‘weight loss’, ‘matcha’.Conclusion: green tea and its isolated substances such as epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) appear to have a positive effect on weight and body fat reduction in obese and overweight individuals. It is likely that consumption of green tea extract increases fat oxidation during exercise. In addition, supplementation had a positive effect in a group of diabetics, polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolically stressed patients. The best effects from supplementation were obtained by those who additionally had physical activity. It is suggested that research on green tea, especially on matcha, should continue, as very little reliable research has been produced on this topic