The study calculated the direct medical costs of opioid management (DMC) of subjects with Poly-Trauma >two years and determined the functional status due to pain-related impairment using the Pain Disability Questionnaire-Functional Status subscale (PDQ-FS), from the AMA Guides to Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 6th Edition. The retrospective study computed DMC in Poly-Trauma subjects from outpatient rehabilitation clinic records; average retail charges (internet-based) were calculated for a 12-month period on 29 subjects (19 men, age 28-62).
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