Poly Glycidyl Methacrylate Research Articles

Studies on Adsorption Performance of Reactive Dye Remazol Navy RGB (RN-RGB) via Epoxide Functional Magnetic <i>?</i>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</Sub> Nanocomposite Particles

The nanocomposite particles named as ?-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(glycidyl methacrylate) or ?-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2/PGMA were prepared by multi-step process. At first, ?- Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. Magnetite, Fe3O4, nanoparticles were then precipitated by in situ co-precipitation in presence of ?-Al2O3 particles, followed by incorporation of mesoporous silica layer using Stöber process. Finally, the surface of the ?-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite particles was modified by seeded polymerization of GMA using free radical polymerization. The surface modification, morphology and size distribution of the prepared nanocomposite particles were confirmed by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption capacity of ?-Al2O3/Fe3O4/SiO2/PGMA nanocomposite particles was evaluated using remazol navy RGB (RN-RGB) as a model dye.

SYNTHESIS OF AMINE-CONTAINING POLYMERIC MICROSPHERES BY SEED COPOLYMERIZATION FOR APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

This paper presents the results of studies of seed copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with ethylene glycol poly(glycidyl methacrylate) on seed particles in order to obtain partially crosslinked polymer microspheres with a diameter of about 3.5 microns for use in immunochemical reactions, as carriers of bioligands. The physico-chemical properties of polymeric microspheres obtained under different conditions were studied by the following methods: the diameters of the particles - by electron scanning and light microscopy; the wetting angle - bу the method of "lying droplets"; the sedimentation velocity - by the macromethod in a capillary tube by the movement of the (polymer slurry)/water phase boundary (buffer solution); the zeta-potential - by dynamic light scattering. Having studied the physical-chemical properties of all polymer slurries we concluded that the optimal particles to create on the basis of their diagnostic test systems with high sensitivity working on the principle of latex agglutination reaction are poly(glycidyl methacrylate) particles with equal percentage of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate aminated with hexamethylendiamine in the environment of n-propanol, because they have a sufficient number of amino groups and do not lose their sedimentation properties after all stages of the synthesis.

Preparation and characterization of monodisperse porous cross-linked PGMA microspheres with controllable morphology and structure

ABSTRACTIn this study, we prepared a porous poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microsphere by modified seed-swelling emulsion polymerization. The structure and morphology of the porous microspheres were characterized by SEM. We discussed the effect of the ratio of crosslinker and monomer on microsphere formation and micropores, and found the most favorable conditions for the preparation of porous PGMA microspheres. The great structure and specific surface area of the porous microspheres and the active functional groups on the surface indicate a wide range of applications.

Effects of chain transfer agent on the electron beam-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate in emulsion phase

The graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate from irradiated polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) in the presence of the chain transfer agent 4-cyano-4-((phenylcarbonothioyl)thio) pentanoic acid (CPPA) was studied at 40 °C using pre-irradiation grafting technique. Free radical active sites on polyethylene/polypropylene were formed by electron beam irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere and dry ice temperature. Compared to the conventional grafting method, addition of the chain transfer agent resulted in lower amount of grafted poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) on the PE/PP trunk polymer. The calculated degree of grafting increased with increment in absorbed dose and reaction time but decreased with increasing glycidyl methacrylate concentration, at fixed monomer to CPPA ratio, and amount of CPPA. An apparent first-order dependence of conversion on monomer concentration was observed. The free poly(glycidyl methacrylate) that was formed in the polymerization mixture during grafting in the presence of CPPA had Mn which increased with reaction time and polydispersity index (PDI) values less than 2. NMR analysis of the PGMA homopolymer indicates the presence of dithiobenzoate group from CPPA at one end of the polymer chain. The pristine and grafted trunk polymers were characterized with FTIR, TGA, and SEM-EDX.

Cage and linear structured polysiloxane/epoxy hybrids for coatings: Surface property and film permeability

Three polysiloxane/epoxy hybrids obtained by evolving cage- or linear-structured polysiloxane into poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) matrix are compared used as coatings. One is the cage-structured hybrid of P(GMA/MA-POSS) copolymer obtained by GMA and methacrylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) via free radical polymerization, the other two are PGMA/NH2-POSS and PGMA/NH2-PDMS hybrids by cage-structured aminopropyllsobutyl POSS (NH2-POSS) or linear-structured diamino terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (NH2-PDMS) to cure PGMA. The effect of MA-POSS, NH2-POSS and NH2-PDMS on polysiloxane/epoxy hybrid films is characterized according to their surface morphology, transparency, permeability, adhesive strength and thermo-mechanical properties. Due to caged POSS tending to agglomerate onto the film surface, P(GMA/MA-POSS) and PGMA/NH2-POSS films exhibit much more heterogeneous surfaces than PGMA/NH2-PDMS film, but the well-compatibility between epoxy matrix and MA-POSS has provided P(GMA/MA-POSS) film with much higher transmittance (98%) than PGMA/NH2-POSS film (24%), PGMA/NH2-PDMS film (27%) and traditional epoxy resin film (5%). The introduction of polysiloxane into epoxy matrix is confirmed to create hybrids with strong adhesive strength (526–1113N) and high thermos-stability (Tg=262–282°C), especially the cage-structured P(GMA/MA-POSS) hybrid (1113N and 282°C), but the flexible PDMS improves PGMA/NH2-PDMS hybrid with much higher storage modulus (519MPa) than PGMA/NH2-POSS (271MPa), which suggests that PDMS is advantage in improving the film stiffness than POSS cages. However, cage-structured P(GMA/MA-POSS) and PGMA/NH2-POSS indicate higher permeability than PGMA/NH2-PDMS and traditional epoxy resin. Comparatively, the cage-structured P(GMA/MA-POSS) hybrid is the best coating in transparency, permeability, adhesive strength and thermostability, but linear-structured PGMA/NH2-PDMS hybrid behaviors the best coating in mechanical property.

Preparation, characterization and application of magnetic halloysite nanotubes for dye removal

ABSTRACTMagnetic functionalized halloysite nanotubes (MNPs/HNTs) was prepared and their effective adsorption for methylene blue (MB) was illustrated. Initially, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) grafted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-g-PGMA) were prepared by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate. The fabrication of MNPs-g-PGMA and amino-modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-NH2) was carried out by the reaction of epoxy rings and amino functional groups to afford MNPs/HNTs. The composite was characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and TEM analyses. The adsorption performance of MNPs/HNTs was evaluated by the adsorption experiment of MB in aqueous solution.

Fabrication and adsorption properties of novel magnetic graphene oxide composites for removal of methylene blue

ABSTRACTThe hybrid material of magnetic graphene oxide (MNPs/GO) was prepared with a facile route and adsorption properties for removal of methylene blue (MB) were investigated. Initially, the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was modified with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) by the surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The modified MNPs and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated to form MNPs/GO in N,N-dimethylformamide at 60°C. The composites were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, and vibrating sample magnetometry analyses. The adsorptive removal of MB on the adsorbent obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic whose equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum MB uptake of MNPs/GO was estimated from this model to be 153.85 mg/g. MNPs/GO adsorbent could be recycled and maintained 75.3% of its initial adsorption capacity for MB after five regeneration cycles.

HF Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Amine-Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Macroporous Microspheres

HF Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Amine-Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Macroporous Microspheres

Development of Novel Amphiphilic Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate‐Based Polymers with Potential Antimicrobial Activity

AbstractIn this work, novel amphiphilic pyrazole‐g‐polyglycidyl methacrylate‐based polymers have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The pyrazole derivative (4‐(4‐chlorophenyl) azo‐1H‐pyrazole‐3, 5‐diamine) is grafted to the epoxy rings of polyglycidyl methacrylate and poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers. The structure verification was performed using FT‐IR and TGA analyses. Finally, the novel pyrazole‐g‐polyacrylates copolymers were tested against different gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains. All the derivatives show antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains with varying degrees. Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate shows the most potential antibacterial activities followed by pyrazole‐g‐poly (glycidyl methacrylates‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers where the polymethyl methacrylate content show a determining effect. Minimum inhibition and biocide concentrations were determined and compared with gentamicin and ketoconazole antibiotics.

Ultra-fine silver nanoparticles dispersed in mono-dispersed amino functionalized poly glycidyl methacrylate based microspheres as an effective anti-bacterial agent

In this study, amino functionalized poly glycidyl methacrylate (am-PGMA) based microspheres prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization were served as polymeric matrices for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) loading and applied as anti-bacterial agent. The amino and hydroxyl enriched am-PGMA based microspheres served as both matrix for Ag+ absorbance through coordination bond and reduce agent under hydrothermal condition in a high-pressure steam sterilization. The effects of chemical structure of microspheres on the morphology of Ag NPs/polymer composites were investigated. Am-PGMA/Ag composite spheres with ultra-fine Ag NPs up to 26wt% were well characterized and their antibacterial activity were studied and discussed in detail. It was found that the Ag NPs loading in microspheres showed comparable anti-bacteria activities in terms of Ag with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) low to 20 and 20mg/L (equal to 5.2, 5.2mg/L Ag) for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The obtained composites spheres (am-PGMA/Ag) are promising alternative anti-bacterial agents in industrial and biomedical applications.

Magnetic boron specific chelating microsphere by dispersion polymerisation for boron adsorption

Magnetic poly(glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerisation in the presence of oleic acid coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and modified by N-methyl-D-glucamine for the fabrication of magnetic boron specific chelating microspheres. The structure and properties of obtained microspheres were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The utility efficiency of monomer reached 60% under an optimum dropwise feeding process. The magnetic microspheres are ∼1 μm in size, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles have a saturation magnetisation of 17.1 emu g− 1 and a Fe3O4 content of 28 wt.%. The resultant boron specific chelating sorbent presents an adsorption capacity of 0.43 mmol g− 1 in the optimum conditions. Fast separation by magnetic field makes the prepared microspheres useful for the purification of boron contaminated water. These microspheres will exhibit strong potential in the treatment of boron contaminated water by rapid cost efficient separation under external magnetic field.

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Tool for Evaluation of Magnetic Poly(Glycidyl methacrylate)-Based Microspheres in Molecular Diagnostics.

DNA amplification by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the evaluation of efficiency of polymer coating of magnetic hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(HEMA-co-GMA)) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres with/without carboxyl groups. The inhibition effect of magnetic microspheres on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) course was evaluated by regression analysis after the addition of different concentrations of tested microspheres to PCR mixtures. Microspheres mostly did not interfere in RT-PCR till the concentration 50 µg/25 µl PCR mixture. No relationship between Fe content (and microsphere diameter) and inhibition effect was found. Microspheres containing carboxyl groups extinguished the fluorescence at lower concentrations (10-20 µg/25 µl PCR mixture) without inhibition of DNA amplification as PCR products were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Negative effect of maghemite on PCR course was partially reduced by coating of magnetic core by silica or polymers. Two inhibition mechanisms of DNA amplification were discussed in this work.

Development of novel acid–base ions exchanger for basic dye removal: phosphoric acid doped pyrazole-g-polyglycidyl methacrylate

Novel acid–base ions exchanger for basic dye removal developed through three subsequent steps. First, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was polymerized to have poly glycidyl methacrylate particles. Second, pyrazole derivative was grafted onto poly glycidyl methacrylate particles to have pyrazole-g-poly glycidyl methacrylate. Finally, orthophosphoric acid was doped onto the pyrazole-g-poly glycidyl methacrylate matrix. Factors affecting the pyrazole derivative grafting process were studied. Structure verification was conducted using FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses. A fundamental investigation of the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions by orthophosphoric acid-doped pyrazole-g-poly glycidyl methacrylate (OPA-py-g-PGMA) and PGMA particles was conducted under batch conditions. Operational conditions such as initial MB concentration, contact time and temperature, adsorbent dosage, and finally agitation speed have been investigated and correlated to the MB removal percentage and adsorption capacity. OPA-py-g-PGMA particles show higher MB removal percentage and adsorption capacity in comparison with PGMA particles. Maximum adsorption capacities found 11 and 5 mg/g for OPA-py-g-PGMA and PGMA particles, respectively.

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as platforms for linking functionalities, bioentities and organocatalysts

Magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyglycidyl methacrylate are ring-opened by nucleophiles containing reactive centers, bioentities, organocatalysts leading to new materials.

Total protein concentration quantification using nanobeads with a new highly luminescent terbium(iii) complex

Using 40 nm large polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) nanobeads loaded with a new Tb(iii) complex, it is possible to determine total protein concentration (TPC) down to 50 ng mL−1in just 10 minutes.

Synthesis of poly glycidylmethacrylate grafted azobenzene copolymer: Photosensitivity and nonlinear optical properties

In this work poly glycidylmethacrylate grafted 4-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-azobenzene (Azo-PGMA) was synthesized. For this propose firstly 4-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-azobenzene (AZO) was prepared, then poly glycidylmethacrylate was prepared by free radical polymerization of glycidylmethacrylate in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator under inert atmosphere in dry THF. Finally the homopolymer was functionalized by AZO moieties. The characterization of the synthesized copolymer was carried out by 1H NMR, FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analyze (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscope (POM) analysis. The UV–vis studies were carried out on Azo-PGMA copolymer and the results showed that the synthesized Azo-PGMA copolymer has ultra-fast response to UV light and has slow relaxation time. Also the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the Azo-PGMA copolymer and AZO were studied by using Z-scan technique. Nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of the above mentioned materials were measured by the closed and open aperture Z-scan method using a continuous wave Nd-YAG laser at 532nm. The positive nonlinear absorption in Azo-PGMA and AZO was investigated at the wavelength of λ=532nm, respectively and the measured values of nonlinear refraction in both of the samples were from the order of 10−8cm2/W.

Silver nanoparticles well-dispersed in amine-functionalized, one-pot made vesicles as an effective antibacterial agent

We report a simple route to prepare silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) loaded amine functionalized poly-oligomeric (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate block poly-glycidyl methacrylate (POEGMA-b-PGMA) vesicles as an effective antibacterial agent. Self-assemblies of POEGMA-b-PGMA were prepared from reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization mediated by a POEGMA macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in ethanol. Amine-functionalized self-assemblies were applied for Ag NP loading by using amine and hydroxyl groups as both the coordination agent and reductant under hydrothermal condition in high-pressure steam sterilization. 12.7wt.% content of fine Ag NP well-dispersed in vesicles showed excellent antibacterial activities with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) below 5.0 and 10.0mg/L against Escherichia coli and 2.5 and 80mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus respectively.

Effects of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker in ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

ABSTRACTIn this study, modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-based films for gel electrolyte were prepared by an in situ UV photopolymerization technique. The effects of adding ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) to the polymer host were studied through X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results from Fourier transform-infrared spectra indicate complete polymerization among the monomers. The addition of EGDMA to the formulation of gel polymer electrolyte increased the loading of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide up to 200 wt.% with the highest value of 8.2 × 10−4 S cm−1. All the gel polymer electrolyte membranes obeyed the Arrhenius law.

Multifunctional copolymer coating of polyethylene glycol, glycidyl methacrylate, and REDV to enhance the selectivity of endothelial cells

Multifunctional polymer coatings have potential applications in biomaterials. These coatings possess reactive functional groups for the immobilization of specific biological factors that can influence cellular behavior. These coatings also display low nonspecific protein adsorption. In this study, we prepared a multifunctional polymer coating through the deposition of random copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to prevent nonspecific attachment and enable the covalence of Arg–Glu–Asp–Val (REDV) peptide with endothelial cells (ECs) selectivity. Coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion and proliferation of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) onto the REDV-modified surface were investigated to understand the synergistic action of antifouling PEG and EC selective REDV peptide conjugated GMA. The copolymers containing GMA and PEG groups are very useful as a multifunctional coating material with anti-fouling and ECs specific adhesion for implant materials surface modification.

M-PGMA as a new water treatment agent to remove oxytetracycline from water

Magnetic ion exchange resin is a strong base anion exchange resin with magnetic properties that can be used to remove negatively charged materials from water. Magnetic poly glycidyl methacrylate resin (m-PGMA), a new type of resin, has shown better removal performance for humics than MIEX®. Removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water by m-PGMA, and factors influencing the removal, were examined, and in addition, the removal of OTC by MIEX and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were used as a comparison. Results showed that m-PGMA could remove more OTC than MIEX and PAC. The removal performance was greatly affected by dosage of m-PGMA, inorganic anions, organics and pH value. At a contact time of 30 min, the removal rates of OTC were 45%, 52% and 63% when the dosage was 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L, respectively. In comparison the removal rate of OTC by MIEX was 45% with a dosage of 10 mL/L and a contact time of 30 min. The removal of OTC was significantly increased when the pH value was above 7.3, as the OTC molecule exists as an anion in alkaline medium. In conclusion, m-PGMA is more effective than MIEX and PAC in the removal of OTC in water, and can be one of the choices to remove trace organics like OTC.